Comparison of Visual Examination and Magnification with DIAGNOdent for Detection of Smooth Surface Initial Carious Lesion–Dry and Wet Conditions

Objective-The aim of this study was to assess the effect of magnification and air-drying on detection of carious lesion. Study Design-44 human extracted premolars were selected with sound occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation. The Diagnostic techniques used were Unaided visual examination, Magnifying Loupes (4.2×) and Stereomicroscope (10×, before and after air-drying) and then the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and both the surfaces were examined under Stereomicroscope (50×) to assess the presence or absence of carious lesion in the pit and fissures. The scores were compared to obtain Cohen's kappa coefficient (Reproducibility) and subjected to the Friedman Test and Paired t test. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value used to assess accuracy. Results-On Statistical analysis, visual examination before and after air drying had highest specificity but lowest sensitivity compared to different diagnostic techniques. Magnifying loupes after air-drying had highest sensitivity and lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. Conclusion-Air drying combined with magnifying aids are cost-effective, reliable method for detection of early carious lesion. If used in pediatric clinical practice, any undesirable pain and discomfort to the patient due to invasive procedures and helps in employing preventive measures.

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Comparison of three methods for detection of carious lesions in proximal surfaces versus direct visual examination after tooth separation

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/jcpd.28.1.g121387868676514 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 59-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fabio Luiz Mialhe ◽

Antonio Carlos Pereira ◽

Vanessa Pardi ◽

Marcelo de Castro Meneghim

Keyword(s):

Clinical Examination ◽

Visual Inspection ◽

Fiber Optic ◽

Carious Lesion ◽

Caries Prevalence ◽

Radiographic Assessment ◽

Visual Examination ◽

Lesion Depth ◽

Preventive Approach ◽

Carious Lesions

The present study aimed to compare clinical, fiber-optic transillumination and bite-wing radiographic assessment of carious lesion depth in contacting proximal surfaces with the results obtained by direct visual inspection after tooth separation of the respective surfaces. It is suggested that when a carious lesion is diagnosed as non-cavitated by clinical examination or restricted to enamel by FOTI or radiographic examinations in a population of children with low caries prevalence, dentists should adopt a preventive approach.

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Effectiveness of Air Drying and Magnification Methods for Detecting Initial Caries on Occlusal Surfaces Using Three Different Diagnostic Aids

Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry ◽

10.17796/1053-4628-40.3.221 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 221-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepti Goel ◽

Meera Sandhu ◽

Pulkit Jhingan ◽

Vinod Sachdev

Keyword(s):

Preventive Measures ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Carious Lesion ◽

Visual Examination ◽

Air Drying ◽

Initial Caries ◽

Occlusal Surfaces ◽

Before And After ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

Objective-The aim of this study was to assess the effect of magnification and air-drying on detection of carious lesion. Study Design-44 human extracted premolars were selected with sound occlusal surfaces without frank cavitation. The Diagnostic techniques used were Unaided visual examination, Magnifying Loupes (4.2×) and Stereomicroscope (10×, before and after air-drying) and then the teeth were sectioned bucco-lingually and both the surfaces were examined under Stereomicroscope (50×) to assess the presence or absence of carious lesion in the pit and fissures. The scores were compared to obtain Cohen's kappa coefficient (Reproducibility) and subjected to the Friedman Test and Paired t test. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value used to assess accuracy. Results-On Statistical analysis, visual examination before and after air drying had highest specificity but lowest sensitivity compared to different diagnostic techniques. Magnifying loupes after air-drying had highest sensitivity and lowest specificity compared to other diagnostic techniques. Conclusion-Air drying combined with magnifying aids are cost-effective, reliable method for detection of early carious lesion. If used in pediatric clinical practice, any undesirable pain and discomfort to the patient due to invasive procedures and helps in employing preventive measures.

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Densitometric Identification of Primitive Erythroblasts After Reaction With Diaminobenzidine

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100072083 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 31 ◽

pp. 328-329

Author(s):

John A. Trotter

Keyword(s):

Red Blood Cells ◽

Analytical Method ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Specific Protein ◽

Visual Examination ◽

Hemoglobin Synthesis ◽

Peroxidatic Activity ◽

Small Density

Hemoglobin is the specific protein of red blood cells. Those cells in which hemoglobin synthesis is initiated are the earliest cells that can presently be considered to be committed to erythropoiesis. In order to identify such early cells electron microscopically, we have made use of the peroxidatic activity of hemoglobin by reacting the marrow of erythropoietically stimulated guinea pigs with diaminobenzidine (DAB). The reaction product appeared as a diffuse and amorphous electron opacity throughout the cytoplasm of reactive cells. The detection of small density increases of such a diffuse nature required an analytical method more sensitive and reliable than the visual examination of micrographs. A procedure was therefore devised for the evaluation of micrographs (negatives) with a densitometer (Weston Photographic Analyzer).

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Three-Dimensional Structure of Rotavirus-Fab Complex

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100179944 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 238-239

Author(s):

B.V.V. Prasad ◽

E. Marietta ◽

J.W. Burns ◽

M.K. Estes ◽

W. Chiu

Keyword(s):

Image Processing ◽

Smooth Surface ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Outer Shell ◽

Dimensional Structure ◽

Structural Studies ◽

Cell Penetration ◽

Electron Cryomicroscopy ◽

Image Processing Techniques ◽

Processing Techniques

Rotaviruses are spherical, double-shelled particles. They have been identified as a major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide. In our earlier studies we determined the three-dimensional structures of double-and single-shelled simian rotavirus embedded in vitreous ice using electron cryomicroscopy and image processing techniques to a resolution of 40Å. A distinctive feature of the rotavirus structure is the presence of 132 large channels spanning across both the shells at all 5- and 6-coordinated positions of a T=13ℓ icosahedral lattice. The outer shell has 60 spikes emanating from its relatively smooth surface. The inner shell, in contrast, exhibits a bristly surface made of 260 morphological units at all local and strict 3-fold axes (Fig.l).The outer shell of rotavirus is made up of two proteins, VP4 and VP7. VP7, a glycoprotein and a neutralization antigen, is the major component. VP4 has been implicated in several important functions such as cell penetration, hemagglutination, neutralization and virulence. From our earlier studies we had proposed that the spikes correspond to VP4 and the rest of the surface is composed of VP7. Our recent structural studies, using the same techniques, with monoclonal antibodies specific to VP4 have established that surface spikes are made up of VP4.

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