Chapter-13.8 Structure and Function of the Inner Ear

2011 ◽  
pp. 639-644
Author(s):  
RL Bijlani
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

Recovery of structure and function of inner ear afferent synapses following kainic acid excitotoxicity

1997 ◽  
Vol 105 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-Yang Zheng ◽  
Donald Henderson ◽  
Bo-Hua Hu ◽  
Sandra L. McFadden
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Kainic Acid ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

The inner ear

2009 ◽  
pp. 109-148
Author(s):  
Rogan Corbridge ◽  
Nicholas Steventon
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Sudden Hearing Loss ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Noise Induced Hearing Loss ◽  
Hereditary Hearing Loss ◽  
Syndromic Hearing Loss ◽  
And Function

Structure and function of the inner ear 110 Hearing loss 114 Presbyacusis 116 Noise-induced hearing loss 118 Idiopathic sudden hearing loss 120 Autoimmune ear disease 122 Ototoxicity 124 Hereditary hearing loss 126 Syndromic hearing loss I 128 Syndromic hearing loss II 130 Non-organic hearing loss (NOHL) ...

scholarly journals Investigating The Role of TMPRSS1 In Mouse Inner Ear Structure And Function

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting‐Hua Yang ◽  
Chia‐Jui Hung ◽  
Peng Yeh ◽  
Yu‐Fei Tsai ◽  
Yu‐Chen Hsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Usher proteins in inner ear structure and function

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
pp. 987-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zubair M. Ahmed ◽  
Gregory I. Frolenkov ◽  
Saima Riazuddin
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Usher Syndrome ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Linkage Studies ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

Usher syndrome (USH) is a neurosensory disorder affecting both hearing and vision in humans. Linkage studies of families of USH patients, studies in animals, and characterization of purified proteins have provided insight into the molecular mechanisms of hearing. To date, 11 USH proteins have been identified, and evidence suggests that all of them are crucial for the function of the mechanosensory cells of the inner ear, the hair cells. Most USH proteins are localized to the stereocilia of the hair cells, where mechano-electrical transduction (MET) of sound-induced vibrations occurs. Therefore, elucidation of the functions of USH proteins in the stereocilia is a prerequisite to understanding the exact mechanisms of MET.

Cochlear Structure and Function in a Recessive Type of Genetically Induced Inner Ear Degeneration

ORL ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Björn Sjöström ◽  
Matti Anniko
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Recessive Type ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Plastin 1 widens stereocilia by transforming actin filament packing from hexagonal to liquid

2016 ◽  
Vol 215 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jocelyn F. Krey ◽  
Evan S. Krystofiak ◽  
Rachel A. Dumont ◽  
Sarath Vijayakumar ◽  
Dongseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inner Ear ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Hexagonal Packing ◽  
Sensory Hair Cells ◽  
Actin Protrusions ◽  
And Function

With their essential role in inner ear function, stereocilia of sensory hair cells demonstrate the importance of cellular actin protrusions. Actin packing in stereocilia is mediated by cross-linkers of the plastin, fascin, and espin families. Although mice lacking espin (ESPN) have no vestibular or auditory function, we found that mice that either lacked plastin 1 (PLS1) or had nonfunctional fascin 2 (FSCN2) had reduced inner ear function, with double-mutant mice most strongly affected. Targeted mass spectrometry indicated that PLS1 was the most abundant cross-linker in vestibular stereocilia and the second most abundant protein overall; ESPN only accounted for ∼15% of the total cross-linkers in bundles. Mouse utricle stereocilia lacking PLS1 were shorter and thinner than wild-type stereocilia. Surprisingly, although wild-type stereocilia had random liquid packing of their actin filaments, stereocilia lacking PLS1 had orderly hexagonal packing. Although all three cross-linkers are required for stereocilia structure and function, PLS1 biases actin toward liquid packing, which allows stereocilia to grow to a greater diameter.

scholarly journals “Academic racism” and the neglected scholarship of the anatomist M. Wharton Young, MD, PhD (1904–1986)

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Heywood
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Blast Injuries ◽  
Howard University ◽  
University College ◽  
And Function

Moses Wharton Young, MD, PhD (1904–1986), was an African American Professor of Neuroanatomy at Howard University College of Medicine from 1934 to 1973, during which time he authored about 100 publications on topics that included baldness, asthma, glaucoma, and, most importantly, the structure and function of the inner ear and the pathophysiology of blast injuries. Much of Young's research was ignored during his lifetime, raising the question whether this professional neglect was an instance of “academic racism.”

Structure and function of neural networks in the retina

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 26-27
Author(s):  
Peter Sterling
Keyword(s):  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Synaptic Connections ◽  
Visual Axis ◽  
One Dimensional ◽  
Cat Retina ◽  
Ultrathin Sections ◽  
And Function ◽  
Insight Into

The synaptic connections in cat retina that link photoreceptors to ganglion cells have been analyzed quantitatively. Our approach has been to prepare serial, ultrathin sections and photograph en montage at low magnification (˜2000X) in the electron microscope. Six series, 100-300 sections long, have been prepared over the last decade. They derive from different cats but always from the same region of retina, about one degree from the center of the visual axis. The material has been analyzed by reconstructing adjacent neurons in each array and then identifying systematically the synaptic connections between arrays. Most reconstructions were done manually by tracing the outlines of processes in successive sections onto acetate sheets aligned on a cartoonist's jig. The tracings were then digitized, stacked by computer, and printed with the hidden lines removed. The results have provided rather than the usual one-dimensional account of pathways, a three-dimensional account of circuits. From this has emerged insight into the functional architecture.

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