The fourth part of this book, “Political Thinking after Literature,” places violent ethics “against” politics by revisiting classical political concepts such as sovereignty and decision from the vantage point of literature, literary criticism, and art-activism. The first section, “The Metapolitics of Allegory,” claims that Latin American literary studies has been haunted by Fredric Jameson’s (in)famous claim that “all third world texts are […] national allegories,” accompanied, more recently, by a critical countertradition in Latin Americanism that rejected Jameson’s argument without pursuing alternative readings of allegory. The author traces a link between allegory and intention, or will, in the “masters” of Latin American literary criticism. The section concludes with an allegorical reading of César Aira’s 1997 novella, El congreso de literatura, in which what is allegorized is the impossibility of politics understood as entailing sovereign decisionism or the intentional fidelity to an event.