Transnational Religious Networks and Indigenous Pentecostal Missionary Enterprises in the West African Coastal Region

2015 ◽  
Vol 143 (12) ◽  
pp. 4975-4995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Brammer ◽  
Chris D. Thorncroft

Abstract African easterly waves (AEWs) are objectively tracked between West Africa and the tropical Atlantic based on the CFSRv2 data for 1979 to 2012. The characteristics of the troughs of the AEWs at the West African coast are explored and related to whether they favor tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern Atlantic. A logistic regression model was used to determine the optimum combination of predictors that relate AEW characteristics to tropical cyclogenesis. The most skillful model for genesis over the eastern Atlantic consisted of four variables of the AEWs dynamics over the coastal region and the absolute number of days from the peak in the AEW season. Using this diagnostic an equal number of favorable developing and nondeveloping waves were compared through a composite difference analysis. Favorable developing waves had significantly higher moisture content in the lower troposphere to the northwest of the trough as they exited the West African coast compared to favorable nondeveloping waves. Trajectory analysis for all the waves revealed that as the AEWs transition over the West African coast the troughs are typically open to the environment ahead and to the northwest of the trough. For developing waves this means that moist air is ingested into the lower levels of the system, while for nondeveloping waves dry air is ingested. At this point in the AEW life cycle this difference may be fundamental in determining whether a favorable wave can develop or not.


2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
E. C. Merem ◽  
Y. Twumasi ◽  
J. Wesley ◽  
M. Alsarari ◽  
S. Fageir ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 86-109
Author(s):  
Kehinde Ibrahim

The judgments of the ECOWAS Court, which are final and immediately binding, are vital for the realisation of ECOWAS aims and objectives. The enforcement of its judgments is particularly important in the case of individuals whose enjoyment of fundamental human rights, as guaranteed under the ECOWAS Community laws, is dependent on effective enforcement. Yet, an existential puzzling paradox emanates through a poor record in the implementation of the ECOWAS Court's judgments. This problem, which is not limited to the West African region deserves scrutiny and concrete proposals. Legal and political considerations surface in assessing the existence of this paradox, and despite the lack of a consistent political will, to implement the decisions of ECOWAS Court relevant judicial actors have roles to play. National courts could take a bolder approach in complementing the work of the ECOWAS Court. The ECOWAS Court itself could put in place concrete mechanisms and adopt certain practices to address this poor record of non-implementation. It is yet to be seen how substantive mechanisms would work in practice.


Author(s):  
Daniel Bailey ◽  
Jane Shallcross ◽  
Christopher H. Logue ◽  
Simon A. Weller ◽  
Liz Evans ◽  
...  

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotanna M. Nneji ◽  
Adeniyi C. Adeola ◽  
Fang Yan ◽  
Agboola O. Okeyoyin ◽  
Ojo C. Oladipo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  

BMJ ◽  
1904 ◽  
Vol 1 (2257) ◽  
pp. 806-807
Author(s):  
G. R. Hall
Keyword(s):  

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