The EU and Human Trafficking: Framing a Regional Response to a Global Emergency

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
The Eu

scholarly journals ENFORCING JURISDICTION AGAINST VESSELS SUSPECTED OF MIGRANT SMUGGLING AND HUMAN TRAFFICKING

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Fernando Alfaro Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
South America ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Eu

Analysis of the results of EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia since the beginning of its activities in June 2015, aiming to assert the level of achievement of its goals and conclude whether the establishment of a military operation was the best option to tackle a humanitarian crisis, as well as what have been the outcomes of the Operation for migrant mobility and for the actors involved, in particular, to the European solidarity system. The overview of the data presented by EUNAVFOR MED Operation Sophia helps to draw considerations for the future of the EU when dealing with future similar crises, not only affecting Europe, but in any country taking in consideration the migratory exodus happening, for example in South America these days, and that may be extended internationally. Is in this cases, where people flee from their origin countries seeking for shelter, when we must be aware of the necessary guarantee of Human Rights.

scholarly journals International Business Encounters Organized Crime: The Case of Trafficking in Human Beings

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 1125-1147
Author(s):  
Maria O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Corporate Behavior ◽  
Governance Strategies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Domestic Law ◽  
The Eu

AbstractWith increasing globalization, transnational crime in general, and human trafficking in particular, a design of new legal framework is required in order to effectively operationalize interstate law enforcement operations and prosecutions. The development of a transnational criminal legal framework—or frameworks—can build on pre-existing transnational economic frameworks. There is also the need to extend the application of domestic law beyond national borders to influence transnational corporate behavior. Regulations based on reflexive law are one possible approach. Teubner's idea of reflexive law has been informing developments in this area. This approach uses traditional national law to inform corporate governance strategies in order to achieve effects on the market. A few jurisdictions have already adopted measures modeled on this approach to tackle human trafficking and slavery-like conditions in global supply chains. Weaknesses in the approaches adopted by the UK and the State of California have already been identified. If strengthened, this approach could be adopted in more jurisdictions—including the EU—and also to combat more areas of transnational crime—such as money laundering. This paper will examine the resulting challenges using human trafficking as a case study.

International Cooperation in Combating Human Trafficking in the EU: Evidence from Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gönül Oğuz
Keyword(s):  
National Security ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Human Smuggling ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Irregular Migrants ◽  
The Eu

Human trafficking lies at the heart of international organised crime. It is concerned with profits in terms of the exploitation of human beings. It is an abuse of basic rights. The enormous interest and concern for trafficking and human struggling is factual evidence. In the EU, policy on irregular migration is driven by the perception that the member states risk being overwhelmed by large numbers of irregular migrants thought to constitute a threat to national security. This has implications for policy measures designed to combat trafficking and human smuggling, which may not work without international cooperation. In most cases, victims are brought to the EU member states from abroad. This creates a demand for international obligations for cooperation and related instruments for combating human smuggling and trafficking. Therefore, the member states and their law enforcement agencies cannot tackle human trafficking alone. A question arises as to whether Turkey can be a vital partner, based on the facts that it is a transit country, with a strong border and assuming that it has a role to play, through its expertise and its commitment to dealing with the effects of trafficking. Unfortunately, these facts are still overlooked, while disproportionately intensive efforts are expended on dealing with questions of national security by the member states. Combating illegal immigration and reducing and controlling migration are frequently seen through the magnifying glass of the struggle against human trafficking. This article focuses on the international factors involved and how the wider international community might be able to play an effective role in helping to tackle human trafficking. It argues that continued coordination and collaboration across the countries is vital. The article reviews the empirical evidence from Turkey, as non-EU/candidate countries' cooperation and assistance in human trafficking may have an important dimension.

The Respect for Fundamental Human Rights in the Fight against Human Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling across the Central Mediterranean Sea

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-118
Author(s):  
Laura Salvadego
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
Migrant Smuggling ◽  
Migration Control ◽  
Central Mediterranean Sea ◽  
International Responsibility ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis study analyzes counter-smuggling and counter-trafficking operations carried out in the Mediterranean, mainly focusing on the EU operations Sophia and Themis. The purpose is to assess a number of issues linked with naval operations from a human rights perspective. These issues include the applicable law, the exercise of criminal jurisdiction over smugglers and traffickers, national strategies of coastal States as regards migration control policy and, finally, international responsibility for human rights violations perpetrated in connection with these operations. Although the study is primarily aimed at both Ph.D students and legal scholars specialized in the field, it also seeks to provide insights that may be of guidance to NGOs, legal practitioners and legislators within the EU and its Member States.

scholarly journals ANTI-HUMAN TRAFFICKING POLICY OF THE EU

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (86) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Klymchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Member States ◽  
Funding Program ◽  
Trafficking In Human Beings ◽  
Institutional Mechanism ◽  
The Eu

After the mid-1990s, the EU realized the need to develop a common approach to combating human trafficking. As a result of the increased competence of the relevant EU institutions, as well as the increase of stakeholders’ concerns about its internal security and control of external borders began to grow, which gave push to the unprecedented formation, expansion and consolidation of anti-trafficking policy. Accordingly, a number of legislative and policy instruments have been created for this purpose. Important EU anti-trafficking program activities include the EMPACT program (European Multidisciplinary Platform Against Criminal Threats) (2011-2013) and (2013-2017), which consisted of the joint participation of Member States in multidisciplinary operational actions to combat organized crime involved in trafficking in human beings. Also in 2009, the EU developed the Global Approach to Migration and Mobility, as well as a separate document focused on strengthening the EU’s external influence against human trafficking. A more recent EU migration program in 2015 provided Member States with a comprehensive set of tools to manage migration and combat trafficking in human beings. Important tools in the fight against trafficking in human beings in the EU include Directive 2004/81/EU, which regulates the granting of temporary residence permits to third-country nationals who have been trafficked; Directive 2011/36/EU on preventing and combating trafficking in human beings and protecting its victims; Directive 2012/29/EU, which set additional minimum standards for the rights, support and protection of trafficking victims. In 2012 a joint EU strategy to eradicate trafficking-related crimes was launched for 2012-2016. An appropriate information platform has also been set up, which contains information on legal documents, initiatives, or possible projects and stakeholders dealing with human trafficking. In addition, a funding program has been established to promote quantitative and qualitative research projects, enhance the exchange of valuable knowledge and improve the quality of data collection. We came to the conclusion that institutional mechanism of the European Union in combating with trafficking in human beings is a system of EU bodies that adopt relevant regulations. This institutional mechanism has a rather complex structure, based on the European Parliament, the European Council, the European Commission, the European Anti-Trafficking Coordinator, the EU Expert Group on Trafficking of Human Beings, Europol, Eurojust, the European Judicial Network. The main component of this structure is the European Commission, which makes decisions and takes initiatives in this area. A characteristic feature of the EU’s anti-trafficking policy is not only to ensure respect for human rights of victims of this crime, but also to create appropriate conditions for its rehabilitation, further socialization and prosecution of perpetrators. In sum, the EU treats human trafficking as one of the global problems of our days and is making considerable efforts to combat it.

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