Global Order Beyond Law : How Information and Communication Technologies Facilitate Relational Contracting in International Trade

2014 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Global Order ◽  
Relational Contracting ◽  
Information And Communication

scholarly journals Trade Facilitation Effects on International Trade: Evidence From Lower-Middle and Upper-Middle-Income Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Alassane D. Yeo ◽  
Aimin Deng ◽  
Todine Y. Nadiedjoa
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Trade Facilitation ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
The Impact

This paper presents an empirical analysis of the impact of trade facilitation on international trade, as well as the effects of two dimensions: hard and soft infrastructure. Using 18 primary variables, we constructed four indicators of 30 lower-middle-income and 33 upper-middle-income countries over the period 2011-2017. After applying the system-generalised method of moments (GMM), the main finding is that all trade facilitation indicators have a significant effect on exports. However, improvements in physical infrastructure are more likely to increase exports than the efficiency of borders, transport, information and communication technologies (ICTs) and institutions, from the most significant to the least significant. It is also found that the effect of hard infrastructure on exports is virtually the same as that of soft infrastructure. Hard and soft infrastructure must therefore be considered at the same level, as the effectiveness of international trade depends on both.

scholarly journals How to Promote Competitive Advantages for SMEs: Issues, Ideas and Innovation

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Uden
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
General Consensus ◽  
Resource Limitations ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Changing World

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become an integral part of today’s economy. Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) have been increasingly enjoying the benefits of e-business. ICT introduces both opportunities and threats to the SME. The general consensus of opinion is that SMEs that have traditionally been restrained from international trade because of resource limitations are now able to present themselves and their products globally.Despite these benefits, the uptake of e-business by SMEs is still low. There are still many issues that should be addressed before SMEs can be convinced to embrace ICT. For SMEs to remain competitive in a rapidly changing world, they need to take up the adoption of new technologies. This paper attempts to discuss the issues, ideas and innovations that are important to help SMEs to remain competitive.

scholarly journals Approaches to Assessing the Level of Digitalization and Global E-commerce Policy Choices

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 136-164
Author(s):  
Timur Aliev ◽  
◽  
Olga Ismagilova ◽  
Veronika Popova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Reducing Costs

Digital technologies and their role in global economic development have been increasing the past two decades. Digitalization has changed many aspects of human society. It had a significant impact on business processes in international trade, reducing costs, increasing the value and speed of cross-border transactions. E-commerce is becoming the most important engine for economic growth. The article examines new digitalization trends in the context of the international trade development. Among the key trends caused by digitalization and affecting international trade, it highlights the following: 1) expanding of globally e-commerce sales and the world marketplaces turnover; 2) increasing the value of international trade in ICT goods and services, and digitally-deliverable services; 3) growth of world exports in services by mode 1 of supply, i.e. cross border supply. The problem of assessing the level of digitalization of the economy and its impact on trade is becoming more and more urgent. Many leading international organizations including OECD, WTO, IMF, UNCTAD are working on developing universal approaches to the formation of terminology in the field of digitalization of trade, measuring digital trade and classifying economic sectors depending on the level of digitalization. The study draws particular attention to these issues. The authors have systematized an extensive list of international indices. The first cluster includes indices characterizing the level of e-commerce markets development. The second cluster contains indices that assess the development of information and communication technologies. Finally, the third cluster of indices assesses penetration of digital technology into economy and life. Indices that assess digital trade policy measures were also examined

scholarly journals Facilitating Expansion of African International Trade through Information and Communication Technologies

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-242
Author(s):  
Emmanuel T. Laryea
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Trade Expansion ◽  
Fdi Inflows ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Information And Communication

Abstract This article observes that expansion of international trade, particularly exports of appropriate goods, by African economies is important to their growth and development. Unfortunately, Africa’s share of world trade has been decreasing rather than increase. The continent is behind other continents in developmental terms, despite its many resource endowments. Governance deficiencies (broadly defined) are a major cause of the inability of African economies to manage their resources for sustained growth and development. The article looks at the particular consequences of governance deficiencies on trade expansion and goes on to suggest that the deployment of ICT can ameliorate those deficiencies. It focuses on the potential positive impact of e-governance in general, and e-customs in particular, on trade expansion. It argues that e-governance, including e-customs, has the potential to enhance the international competitiveness of African economies, increase revenues for government, and increase FDI inflows for production and exportation. It concludes that while e-customs is not a panacea for Africa’s international trade under-performance, it is an important piece of infrastructure that is relatively easier and cheaper to build, but which has a high beneficial impact on trade expansion. It therefore recommends the implementation of efficient e-customs in African economies that do not yet have such systems.

Cybersecurity, Multilateral Export Control, and Standard Setting Arrangements

2021 ◽  
pp. 478-496
Author(s):  
Elaine Korzak
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Standard Setting ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Surveillance Systems ◽  
Export Controls ◽  
Common Criteria ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Common

This chapter focuses on two trade mechanisms and their role in pursuing the policy imperatives of promoting international trade in information and communication technologies (ICTs) while seeking to mitigate cybersecurity risks. The first mechanism, international standard setting and certification efforts, aims to facilitate international trade by providing benchmarks and assurances for security features. In contrast, the second mechanism, international export controls, explicitly seeks to restrict the trade in certain ICT goods for national and international security purposes. The chapter begins by introducing the concepts of standards and certification, and surveying the landscape of cybersecurity standard setting before providing a discussion of the major intergovernmental certification scheme, the Common Criteria Recognition Arrangement. It then looks at the Wassenaar Arrangement and examines its recent experience in bringing two types of technologies, intellectual property (IP) surveillance systems and intrusion software, under the purview of export controls.

Whatsapp Messenger as a Mobile Media to Learn Writing for EFL Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Linda ◽  
Ida Ri'aeni
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
First Grade ◽  
English Department ◽  
Instructional Media ◽  
Mobile Media ◽  
Efl Writing ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Efl Students

Abstract   The objective of this research is to find out the use of Whatsapp Messenger as a mobile media to learn writing in EFL classes.Several researchers have attempted to prove applicability of mobile learning as modern ways of teaching and learning (Naismith, 2004:115). Moreover, applying portable technologies have been demanded by most of the modern learners who oftentimes are forced to study anywhere, and anytime, for example, at work, in the bus or at weekends (Evans, 2008:115).The research was motivated by the students’ difficulties in writing. The sample of this research was three classes of first grade students of English Department of Unswagati. The instrument of this research was questionnaire sheet. Data from questionnaire sheet was analyzed based on the frequency students’ answers and then was calculated and interpreted into percentages. The result shows WhatsApp Messenger attracts the students interest and also the students have positive responses towards the using ofWhatsAppMessenger. In applying WhatsApp group, the writer concluded that, learning using WhatsApp group has effective to develop their creativity in writing skill. On the other hand, the result from the questionnaire sheet indicated that almost of students is active in learning to writing recount text. Students can learn out of the classroom. Beside WhatsApp can be used privately, it can be used for students’ education. The students can use their gadget positively for their ability in learning English. The students can improve their knowledge in learning ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies). Keyword: WhatsApp Messenger,EFL writing, Instructional Media, ICTs (Information and Communication Technologies).

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