The Bloomsbury Handbook of World Theory

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Theory

scholarly journals Are Scientific Models of Life Testable? A Lesson from Simpson’s Paradox

Sci ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Prasanta S. Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Nolan Grunska ◽  
Don Dcruz ◽  
Mark C. Greenwood
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Rna World ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Scientific Model ◽  
Simpson’S Paradox ◽  
World Theory ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Logical Sense ◽  
Simpson's Paradox

We address the need for a model by considering two competing theories regarding the origin of life: (i) the Metabolism First theory and (ii) the RNA World theory. We discuss two inter-related points. (I) Models are valuable tools in understanding both the processes and intricacies of the origin of life issues. (II) Insights from models also help us to evaluate the core objection to origin of life theories called “the inefficiency objection” commonly raised by proponents of both the Metabolism First theory and the RNA World theory against each other. We use Simpson’s paradox as a tool for challenging this objection. We will use models in various senses ranging from taking them as representations of reality to treating them as theories/accounts that provide heuristics for probing reality. In this paper, we will frequently use models and theories interchangeably. Additionally, we investigate Conway’s Game of Life and contrast it with our Simpson’s Paradox (SP)-based approach to emergence of life issues. Finally, we discuss some of the consequences of our view. A scientific model is testable in three senses: (i) a logical sense, (ii) a nomological sense, and (iii) a current technological sense. The SP-based model is testable in the logical sense. It is also testable nomologically. However, it is not currently feasible to test it.

scholarly journals Supercomputing technologies in the digital world: theory, practice, education

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354
Author(s):  
V. V. Voevodin
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Global Trends ◽  
Future Developments ◽  
Digital World ◽  
World Theory ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
National Programs ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Practice Education

Supercomputing technologies are used in almost all fields of science today, and determine the competitiveness of science and industry among national entities. USA, Europe, China, and Japan are investing billions in the development of supercomputing technologies, promoting national programs for the development of this field, and these programs will determine the success of future developments. The underestimation of the value of supercomputing technologies has led Russia to fall behind in global trends, and squanders the enormous potential of Russian specialists in computer science. Russia needs a comprehensive supercomputer program, and cannot delay its enactment.

scholarly journals O tema da morte trágica de Liev Tolstói e seu impacto em Max Weber e György Lukács: sobre a autonomia nas ciências e na arte * Leo Tolstoy´s tragic death and his impacts on Max Weber and György Lukács: on autonomy of arts and science

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 150
Author(s):  
LUIS FELIPE DE SALLES ROSELINO
Keyword(s):  
Max Weber ◽  
Leo Tolstoy ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
World Theory ◽  
Gyorgy Lukacs

<p class="Normal1"><strong>Resumo: </strong>O tema da morte trágica, presente nos escritos de Liev Tolstói, auxiliou tanto a Max Weber como a György Lukács a caracterizarem o <em>pathos</em> moderno de pressentimento da morte como uma contemplação do vazio. Weber e Lukács encontraram, através das leituras de Tolstói, uma interessante maneira de questionar a autonomia da arte e da ciência moderna, considerando pela esfera estética, como se mostra sem sentido a recente realidade imanente. Ambos assumiram o tema central das obras de Tolstói segundo uma mesma imagem, derivada do contraste entre o mundo antigo e o moderno. Max Weber adequou esse tema a sua teoria do desencantamento do mundo e Lukács, de modo muito semelhante, seguindo seu conceito do paradoxo da necessidade religiosa.</p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Palavras-chave: </strong>Tolstói – Weber – Lukács – Desencantamento – Necessidade Religiosa – <em>L’Art Pour l’Art.</em></p><p class="Normal1"> </p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Abstract: </strong>The tragic death in Tolstoy's writings has helped both Max Weber and György Lukács in characterizing the modern <em>pathos</em> as a tragic contemplation of the emptiness of life. Through Tolstoy's readings, Weber and Lukács found an interesting source of denying arts and modern sciences autonomy, considering, from the aesthetics sphere, the meaningless of this new immanent reality. Both has assumed Tolstoy main theme from the same perspective, contrasting ancient and modern worldviews. Max Weber presented this theme in his disenchantment of world theory and Lukács, in a very similar way, following the paradox of religious needing as a mainline.<strong></strong></p><p class="Normal1"><strong>Keywords: </strong>Tolstoy – Weber – Lukács – Disenchantment – Religious Needing – <em>L’Art Pour l’Art.</em><strong></strong></p>

Is the Massive Graviton a Viable Possibility?

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 329-339
Author(s):  
Antonios Papazoglou
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Brane World ◽  
Massive Graviton ◽  
Curved Space ◽  
Negative Cosmological Constant ◽  
World Theory ◽  
Six Dimensions

In this talk we discuss the scenario of multigravity according to which the gravity we observe in intermediate scales (1 mm < r < 1026 cm ) is mediated by both a massless graviton and one or more of ultralight spin-2 state. We present how this can be realized in a five dimensional brane-world theory with flat branes and the complications associated with the extra polarizations of the massive gravitons (van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov discontinuity) and the ghost radions corresponding to the fluctuations of the negative tension branes present in these models. We then show how we can construct models of AdS4 branes instead with exclusively positive tension and demonstrate how the van Dam-Veltman-Zakharov no-go theorem can be circumvented in curved space. These models, although they are consistent, face phenomenological problems related to the presence of a remnant negative cosmological constant on the branes. We finally present how we can obtain the same constructions in six dimensions with flat positive tensions branes only, in a manner that they are both theoretically consistent and phenomenologically acceptable. The latter come in two copies each and offer the first problem-free realization of the multigravity scenario.

scholarly journals ‘Something happened, something bad’: Blackouts, uncertainties and event construal in The Girl on the Train

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Giovanelli
Keyword(s):  
Young Woman ◽  
Reference Point ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Anterograde Amnesia ◽  
Cognitive Grammar ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Narrative Voice ◽  
World Theory ◽  
Event Construal

This article examines the representation of mind style in Paula Hawkins’ (2015) best-selling novel The Girl on the Train. It examines how Hawkins presents the fictional mind of Rachel, a character who is affected by anterograde amnesia as a result of alcoholic blackouts. Rachel’s narrative voice drives the novel, and its retelling of events is characterised by her inability to recall important information related to the night that a young woman disappeared and was murdered. This article specifically draws on the Cognitive Grammar notion of construal to explore the presentation of Rachel’s mind style and its affordances and limitations. In doing so, it builds on developing scholarship that has identified the potential for Cognitive Grammar to provide a richly nuanced account of the representation of a fictional mind. The analysis specifically examines two ways in which event construal is presented: nominal grounding strategies and reference point relationships. For the latter, the article also develops emerging work that has sought to make a connection between Cognitive Grammar and Text World Theory in terms of how mental representations are projected by the text.

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