EU Law as an (In)Direct Source of LGB Rights across Europe This chapter is a reprint adapted from the original: P Ayoub , ‘Contested Norms in New-Adopter States: International Determinants of LGBT Rights Legislation’ (2015) 21 European Journal of International Relations 293 . Copyright © 2015 by the Author. Reprinted by (paid) permission of SAGE Publications, Ltd.

EU Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 367-429
Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU law on international relations. The area of external relations has become increasingly important in recent years, as the EU strives to enhance its global presence on issues such as trade, climate change, development, human rights, and international terrorism. Some of the crucial issues for the conduct of EU international relations are effective coordination across policy fields, coordination between the EU and the Member States, and coordination at the level of international representation. Consistency across and between policies has become a constitutional requirement of EU external relations. The UK version contains a further section analysing how far EU law concerning international relations impacts on the UK post-Brexit.


Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU law on international relations. The area of external relations has become increasingly important in recent years, as the EU strives to enhance its global presence on issues such as trade, climate change, development, human rights, and international terrorism. Some of the crucial issues for the conduct of EU international relations are effective coordination across policy fields, coordination between the EU and the Member States, and coordination at the level of international representation. Consistency across and between policies has become a constitutional requirement of EU external relations.


Author(s):  
Maria FANOU

Abstract In April 2019, the Court of Justice of the EU (‘CJEU’) handed down its Opinion (C-1/17) on the compatibility of the Investment Court System (‘ICS’), that is the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (‘ISDS’) mechanism under the EU-Canada Comprehensive and Economic Trade Agreement (‘CETA’), with EU law. This article puts Opinion 1/17 in its broader (policy and legal) context, focusing on the salient issue of compatibility with the principle of autonomy of the EU legal order. It argues that the Court's openness to this judicial competitor was an acknowledgment of the need to maintain the powers of the Union in international relations. However, Opinion 1/17 should not be perceived as an automatic green light for any future investment court (such as the Multilateral Investment Court) as the autonomy test it introduces is a rather difficult one to pass.


Author(s):  
Dana Georgeta Alexandru ◽  
Mihaela Olteanu (Popescu)

Local legal relations have evolved steadily over the past twenty years, so now we arewitnessing a redefinition of their concept, with the purpose of overcoming the traditionallocal autonomy in recognition of certain international legal capacity of local communities toparticipate in forms of decentralized cooperation.The goal of our research is to identify new actors in the international relations, localcommunities, which under EU law and the Council of Europe acquire certain powers thatwould allow them, at least theoretically, employment among secondary actors on the stage ofinternational law.The study presents an examination of the documents governing international or localcooperation with the ultimate aim to highlight the consequences of these forms ofcooperation, which they produce in the context of administrative decentralization.


EU Law ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 353-413
Author(s):  
Paul Craig ◽  
Gráinne de Búrca

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU law on international relations. The area of external relations has become increasingly important in recent years, as the EU strives to enhance its global presence on issues such as trade, climate change, development, human rights, and international terrorism. Some of the crucial issues for the conduct of EU international relations are effective coordination across policy fields, coordination between the EU and the Member States, and coordination at the level of international representation. Consistency across and between policies has become a constitutional requirement of EU external relations. The UK version contains a further section analysing how far EU law concerning international relations impacts on the UK post-Brexit.


Author(s):  
Michèle Finck

The present chapter introduces the book’s subject of analysis: subnational authorities (SNAs). It will illustrate the highly variegated nature of local and regional authorities in the various Member States, the status and competences of which vary significantly depending on the context at stake. Notwithstanding this diversity, virtually all SNAs share one characteristic: their jurisgenerative capacity. SNAs produce norms that coexist with norms at other levels, including EU law. The chapter subsequently investigates various modes of interaction between SNAs and the European Union, such as SNAs’ participation in the Committee of the Regions. A key mechanism allowing SNAs to exert influence in international relations is their participation in transnational networks.


Author(s):  
Brynne D. Ovalle ◽  
Rahul Chakraborty

This article has two purposes: (a) to examine the relationship between intercultural power relations and the widespread practice of accent discrimination and (b) to underscore the ramifications of accent discrimination both for the individual and for global society as a whole. First, authors review social theory regarding language and group identity construction, and then go on to integrate more current studies linking accent bias to sociocultural variables. Authors discuss three examples of intercultural accent discrimination in order to illustrate how this link manifests itself in the broader context of international relations (i.e., how accent discrimination is generated in situations of unequal power) and, using a review of current research, assess the consequences of accent discrimination for the individual. Finally, the article highlights the impact that linguistic discrimination is having on linguistic diversity globally, partially using data from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and partially by offering a potential context for interpreting the emergence of practices that seek to reduce or modify speaker accents.


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