Balance Sheets and Debt Crises – Empirical Regularities for Modern Cases of Sovereign Distress

Problems in the financial sector were at the core of the current economic crisis. Therefore, economic recovery will only become sustainable after taking care of the major weaknesses in the financial sector. This conclusion is relevant both for the US and UK - the two countries where crisis has started, and for other economies which financial institutions turned out to be fragile in the face of the swings in the risk appetite. Russia is one of the countries where the crisis has revealed serious deficiency in the financial sector. Our study of 11 banking crises during the last 25-30 years shows that sustainable economic recovery and decrease in the dependence on commodity prices will be virtually impossible without cleaning of balance sheets and capitalization of the financial sector.

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How to Evaluate Clinically Relevant Literature: Five Simple Rules for the Practicing Clinician in Stroke Neurorehabilitation

10.31234/osf.io/zvx3b ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jonathan Sanching Tsay ◽

Carolee Winstein

Keyword(s):

Clinical Decision Making ◽

Relevant Literature ◽

Clinical Decision ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Neural Connections ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Immediate Recovery ◽

Simple Rules ◽

Busy Clinician ◽

New Generation

Neurorehabilitation relies on core principles of neuroplasticity to activate and engage latent neural connections, promote detour circuits, and reverse impairments. Clinical interventions incorporating these principles have been shown to promote recovery while demoting compensation. However, many clinicians struggle to find evidence for these principles in our growing but nascent body of literature. Regulatory bodies and organizational balance sheets further discourage evidence-based, methodical, time-intensive, and efficacious interventions because practical needs often outweigh and dominate clinical decision making. Modern neurorehabilitation practices that result from these pressures favor strategies that encourage compensation over those that promote recovery. With a focus on helping the busy clinician evaluate the rapidly growing literature, we put forth five simple rules that direct clinicians toward intervention studies that value more enduring but slower biological recovery processes over the more alluring practical and immediate “recovery” mantra. Filtering emerging literature through this critical lens has the potential to change practice and lead to more durable long-term outcomes. This perspective is meant to serve a new generation of mechanistically minded clinicians, students, and trainees poised to not only advance our field but to also erect policy changes that promote recovery-based care of stroke survivors.

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The Role of Migration in the Formation of Regional Labour Markets Amidst the Second Wave of Depopulation in Modern Russia

Voprosy statistiki ◽

10.34023/2313-6383-2020-27-6-26-36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 26-36

Author(s):

A. V. Topilin ◽

A. S. Maksimova

Keyword(s):

Labour Market ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Labour Markets ◽

Labour Migration ◽

Sample Surveys ◽

Balance Sheets ◽

Permanent Migration ◽

Regional Labour Markets ◽

The Impact

The article reflects the results of a study of the impact of migration on regional labour markets amidst a decline in the working-age population in Russia. After substantiating the relevance of the issues under consideration, the authors propose a methodological analysis toolkit, the author’s own methodology for calculating the coefficients of permanent long-term external and internal labour migration in regional labour markets, and the coefficient of total migration burden. In addition, the authors provide an overview of the information and statistical base of the study. According to current migration records, data of Rosstat sample surveys on Russian labour migrants leaving for employment in other regions, regional labour resources balance sheets based on the calculated coefficients of labour market pressures, the authors analyzed the impact of migration on the Russian regional labour markets over the past decade. It revealed an increasing role of internal labour migration in many regions, primarily in the largest economic agglomerations and oil and gas territories. At the same time, the role of external labour migration remains stable and minimum indicators of the contribution of permanent migration to the formation of regional labour markets continue to decrease. It has been established that irrational counter flows of external and internal labour migration have developed, which indicates not only an imbalance in labour demand and supply but also a discrepancy between the qualitative composition of migrants and the needs of the economy. It is concluded that the state does not effectively regulate certain types of migration, considering its impact on the labour market. The authors justified the need for conducting regular household sample surveys according to specific programs to collect information about labour migrants and the conditions for using their labour. In addition to the current migration records, using interregional analysis, this information allows making more informed decisions at the federal and regional levels to correct the negative situation that has developed in the regional labour markets even before the coronavirus pandemic had struck.

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