1973 - Congres Modernism in the Low Countries 1915-1930, georganiseerd door Edgar Poleme en Francis Bulhof, University of Texas at Austin, 15-17 oktober; resulterend in Francis Bulhof (red.), Nijhoff, Van Ostaijen, ‘De Stijl’. Modernism in the Netherlands and Belgium in the first quarter of the 20th century. Six essays. Den Haag, Nijhoff, 1976

The Low Countries have a special place in Reformation history, both because of the great diversity of the religious landscape and because they experienced a genuine Reformation “from below,” as well as fierce repression of Protestant heresies. Protests against the latter helped to trigger the revolt that resulted in the split of the Habsburg Netherlands. In the northern Netherlands, the Dutch Republic gave the Reformed Church a monopoly of worship but also guaranteed freedom of conscience to dissidents. The southern Netherlands, once “reconciled” with the Habsburgs and having expelled its Protestant inhabitants, became a bulwark of the Counter-Reformation. For more on the revolt, see the Oxford Bibliographies in Renaissance and Reformation article “The Netherlands (Dutch Revolt/Dutch Republic)” by Henk van Nierop.

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Similarities and differences in terms of the geometry used in De Stijl and Bauhaus product designs

South East European Journal of Architecture and Design ◽

10.3889/seejad.2019.10041 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 8

Author(s):

Antonio Cvetkovski ◽

Sofija Sidorenko

Keyword(s):

20Th Century ◽

Creative Process ◽

Industrial Design ◽

Scientific Paper ◽

Design Elements ◽

Geometric Figures ◽

Similarities And Differences ◽

De Stijl ◽

The Relationship ◽

Geometry Learning

As a fundamental science of forms and their order, geometry contributes to the process of composing and designing of products. Geometry is able to make a contribution to these processes by dealing with the geometric figures and forms as design elements as well as the relations between them. Finding the general principles of successfully combining those elements was a research aim of many designers, such as those in the modernist era. Influencing the industrial design in a revolutionary way, the Modernism became significant artistic movement of the 20th century, thus giving us the most iconic and timeless product designs. In this scientific paper, the relationship between geometry and design in the Modernism is described and explored through examples, with emphasis placed on De Stijl and Bauhaus products. Direct comparison is applied, focusing on the similarities and differences in the products’ geometry. Learning about the geometry and how it relates to the designs is not to be used as a substitute for the creative process, but rather as a means of obtaining a deeper understanding of it.

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The Struggle of NZV in Spreading the Gospel in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, in the Early 20th Century

Transformation An International Journal of Holistic Mission Studies ◽

10.1177/02653788211047156 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 026537882110471

Author(s):

Kunto Sofianto ◽

Amos Sukamto ◽

Agus Manon Yuniadi ◽

Agus Nero Sofyan

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

20Th Century ◽

Early 20Th Century ◽

Colonial Administration ◽

Chinese People ◽

Christian Missions ◽

Protestant Christianity ◽

Negative Perceptions ◽

Main Barrier ◽

Dutch Colonial

Based on a widely accepted view, the spread of Christianity in Indonesia was backed up by Dutch intervention. This article argues that the assumption is not entirely right. In some regions, the Dutch colonial and European settlers paid little attention to Christian missions. Garut, for example, was a city in the Priangan Residence that served as an economic center for the Dutch. Islamic influence was very strong in Garut. Therefore, when the NZV reached Garut in 1899, it received no support from the Dutch colonial administration. The effort to spread Protestant Christianity was initiated by the Chinese people. The strong Islamic influence in Garut became the main barrier preventing people's conversion to Christianity. Even though at the beginning of the 20th century there was no direct resistance, but secretly the Islamic leaders fought back by building negative perceptions of both the Netherlands and Christianity by labeling them as kafir and unclean.

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Institutionalizing Intersectionality in the Low Countries: Belgium and The Netherlands

Institutionalizing Intersectionality ◽

10.1057/9781137031068_5 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 119-147 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karen Celis ◽

Joyce Outshoorn ◽

Petra Meier ◽

Joz Motmans

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Low Countries

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Historical Fiction, Cultural Transfer and the Recycling of the Black Legend between the Low Countries and Britain: A Nineteenth-Century Case Study

Literary Hispanophobia and Hispanophilia in Britain and the Low Countries (1550-1850) ◽

10.5117/9789462989375_ch12 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raphaël Ingelbien

Keyword(s):

Nineteenth Century ◽

The Netherlands ◽

Historical Novels ◽

Low Countries ◽

Cultural Transfer ◽

Liberal Politics ◽

Dutch Revolt ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Black Legend

This chapter compares Henri Moke’s Le Gueux de Mer (1827) and Thomas Colley Grattan’s The Heiress of Bruges (1830), two historical novels set at the time of the Dutch Revolt and written in the final years of the United Kingdom of the Netherlands. The comparison provides insights into the respective priorities of British and ‘Netherlandic’ writers who dealt in images of Spain in the early nineteenth century. Beyond some clear differences in the ideological urgency of their work, the authors’ liberal politics, their sympathy towards Catholicism and the influence of Romantic Orientalism create important nuances in their versions of the Black Legend, which are ultimately denunciations of bigotry and tyranny rather than expressions of wholesale Hispanophobia.

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