The Struggle of NZV in Spreading the Gospel in Garut, West Java, Indonesia, in the Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
pp. 026537882110471
Author(s):  
Kunto Sofianto ◽  
Amos Sukamto ◽  
Agus Manon Yuniadi ◽  
Agus Nero Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Colonial Administration ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
Christian Missions ◽  
Protestant Christianity ◽  
Negative Perceptions ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Dutch Colonial

Based on a widely accepted view, the spread of Christianity in Indonesia was backed up by Dutch intervention. This article argues that the assumption is not entirely right. In some regions, the Dutch colonial and European settlers paid little attention to Christian missions. Garut, for example, was a city in the Priangan Residence that served as an economic center for the Dutch. Islamic influence was very strong in Garut. Therefore, when the NZV reached Garut in 1899, it received no support from the Dutch colonial administration. The effort to spread Protestant Christianity was initiated by the Chinese people. The strong Islamic influence in Garut became the main barrier preventing people's conversion to Christianity. Even though at the beginning of the 20th century there was no direct resistance, but secretly the Islamic leaders fought back by building negative perceptions of both the Netherlands and Christianity by labeling them as kafir and unclean.

De openbaringen van Jozef Rulof in eschatologisch perspectief

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-320
Author(s):  
Klaran Visscher
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Kingdom Of God ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
New Religious Movements ◽  
Early 20Th Century

This article addresses the case of Jozef Rulof, one of the representatives of new religious movements in the early 20th century in the Netherlands. Self-proclaimed prophet and medium in the service of the ‘Cosmic Masters from the Other Side’, he urged his contemporaries to welcome a new cosmic age that would give the initial impetus to the Kingdom of God on Earth - to be realised by humankind itself. In his thinking, strongly based upon the concepts of reincarnation and karma, the end of times refers to the ‘fading’ of the planet as a logical step in the evolutionary development of both humanity and universe.

scholarly journals Is fecundability associated with month of birth? An analysis of 19th and early 20th century family reconstitution data from The Netherlands

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2572-2578 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Smits ◽  
F. W.A. van Poppel ◽  
J. A. Verduin ◽  
P. H. Jongbloet ◽  
H. Straatman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Month Of Birth ◽  
Family Reconstitution

scholarly journals Linking the Historical Sample of the Netherlands with the USA Censuses, 1850–1940

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Diogo Paiva ◽  
Francisco Anguita ◽  
Kees Mandemakers
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Validation Process ◽  
Reasonable Result ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Historical Sample ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Over Time

During the 19th and early 20th century about 220,000 Dutch born persons migrated to the USA. The Historical Sample of the Netherlands (HSN) contains about 85,500 persons born in the Netherlands between 1812 and 1922. In this article we report the way we have matched persons from the HSN with the American censuses from the period 1850 till 1940. For this purpose, a linking process was designed, comprising of three stages: harmonization, matching and validation. The different nature of the two datasets (HSN and the USA Censuses) asked for some harmonization prior to the matching. Once the data had been properly prepared, two strategies were applied in order to link the data sets. The first one, called Similarity Approach, matched individuals from both datasets by comparing on the basis of resemblance of first and last names. The second approach, called Transformation Approach, made use of dictionaries with Anglicized versions of Dutch first and last names and their most common or most likely Dutch original(s). Because of the sample character of the HSN even exact matches showed ambiguity that needs to be resolved. For this reason, a validation process comparing the household context was run to provide a more trustworthy result. In the end we identified 484 individuals present in the HSN database with reliable links to the American censuses. We also evaluated the result in the light of what we know from emigration patterns to the USA over time and period and we concluded that our efforts have produced a reasonable result. Nevertheless, we are aware that we may have missed links. We also found that at least 45% of the emigrants returned to the Netherlands at some point during their life course.

Architecture in journals of the ‘avant~garde’. Part 2

1984 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-65
Author(s):  
Isabella Pezzini ◽  
Jacques Gubler
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Alphabetical Order ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Selection Of

A selection of ‘avant-garde’ journals, from the early 20th century onwards, which have included architectural material. The journals are grouped into countries (which appear in alphabetical order), and are then arranged chronologically by date first published. Part 2 covers journals from the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Spain, Switzerland, U.S.A., U.S.S.R. and Yugoslavia. Part 1 appeared in Art Libraries Journal, vol. 9, no. 1, Spring 1984. The journals are described by a number of contributors denoted by their initials: A3. (Antoine Baudin); A.R.G. (Antoni Ramon Graells); J.G. (Jacques Gubler); M.D.G. (Manolo De Giorgi); I.P. (Isabella Pezzini); P.G.T. (Piero G. Tanca).The article is the translation of a survey ‘La rete delle riviste’ which first appeared in Rassegna, no. 12, December 1982 – a special issue entitled ‘Architettura nelle riviste d’avanguardia’.

scholarly journals SIMETRISITAS SEBAGAI KOSMOLOGI RUANG JAWA PADA RUMAH KOLONIAL DI KAMPUNG BUBUTAN SURABAYA (The Symmetricity of Colonial House as Javanese Space Cosmology at Kampung Bubutan Surabaya)

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Risqi Cahyani ◽  
Lisa Dwi Wulandari ◽  
Antariksa Antariksa
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Living Room ◽  
Main Principle ◽  
15Th Century ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
The 19Th Century

Symmetricity is part of the Javanese Cosmology that describes the perfection of Javanese. Symmetricity has been the main principle in Javanese house, not only in the faade of the house but olso the hierarchy of spatial inside. Kampung Bubutan is the ancient settlement experienced two phases of Government which strongly influenced the architectural character, which at the time became the Kingdom of Mataram (15th century) and the colonialism of the Netherlands (17th century up to the 19th century). The remains of the era of colonialism in Surabaya can still be felt by many colonial buildings surounding in the settlement. This study will explore how the principles of Javanese symmetricity in Kampung Bubutan colonial house, by using descriptive qualitative methods. Can the Javanese symmetricity still become principal in colonial house and survive? The results shows that the symmetricity of fasade became decreased at the last peroide of 19th century, when the NA-Romantiek was popular. Spatial symmetricity at the colonial houses have inconsistancy since the beginning of 19th century until the early 20th century. The main hierarchy of the spatial Javanese House, which are pendopo (verandah), pringgitan (foyer), dalem (living room) and senthong (bedroom), have become inconsistence since the end of 19th century periode

scholarly journals Menelusuri karya intelektual Sayyid Usmanbin Yahya dalam bidang fikih

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Muhammad Noupal
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Legal Decision ◽  
East Indies ◽  
The People ◽  
Netherlands East Indies

Sayyid Usman, a Hadrami scholar in the 19th and early 20th century was very controversial. He was themufty of Batavia as well as advisor to the Netherlands East Indies. Especially as a mufty, Sayyid Usmanwas becoming a reference to the people who requested for a ruling of law. Supported by his ownprinting litographyc, Sayyid Usman was able to convey his views dan ideas widely through the publica-tion of books and treatises. The books produced by Sayyid Usman specialized in the field of Islamic lawor fiqh which refers to social jurisprudence. While related to the fiqh of worship, more concise and verysimple. Among his works in the field of law, the book of al-Qawanin al-Shar’iyyah is a very importantwork. This book contains a methodological description on how to take a legal decision (fatwa). Asadmitted, the purpose of writing al-Qawanin is a guide for prince and a judge of religion, especially inlegal decisions based on Ahlu Sunna sect.

scholarly journals The Rhetoric of Paintings: Balinese Painters, Dutch Colonists and the Question of Gender Relationships in 19th and Early 20th Century Bali

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Peter Worsley
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
East Indies ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Present Essay ◽  
Tijdschrift Voor ◽  
Dutch East Indies ◽  
The One ◽  
Dutch Colonial

The present essay is about the interpretation of paintings and how an interest which Balinese painters display in gender relationships in the context of illustrations of ritual in their narrative works on the one hand, contrasts with strong expressions of Dutch disapproval of the despotic nature of the rule of Balinese kings and consequentially the unjust treatment of women in Balinese society on the other. With this in mind, the present paper first considers the representation of gender relationships in a number of Balinese paintings from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and then turns to a discussion of the understanding of Balinese gender relationships of two members of Dutch colonial society in the Dutch East Indies, one a senior bureaucrat, Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp and the other the protestant missionary R. van Eck. I discuss a play by Graaf C.W.S van Hogendorp, ‘Pièce de Circonstance sur la conquête de Bali 1846’, written to celebrate the victory of the Dutch army over the Kingdom of Buleleng in 1846 and an article about ‘Het Lot der Vrouw op Bali’ (‘The lot of the Balinese woman’), published in the journal Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land-, en Volkenkunde in 1872 by the protestant missionary R. van Eck.

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