scholarly journals Impact of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Sector during Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeba Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Healthcare Sector ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
The Future

Globally, the pandemic has affected management of risks. Progressively Blockchain is being applicable over the management of healthcare, as an imperative method for improving organizationalprotocols and for providing the convenient support for a productive and efficient decision-making process hinge on facts. In healthcare, different approaches to emergency preparedness can be recognized; indeed, each emergency is distinguished by different stages. In healthcare, we intend to role: explicitly, it will be responsible to enhance COVID19-safe clinical proceeding. The primary approaches obtainable from various blockchain-based models, and distinctly those associated by clinical individuals in the future throughout the current COVID-19 pandemic either on the would be capable to perform an outstanding assumption of furthermore infectious conditions. We believe that in real infectious disease outbreaks, blockchain technology undertaking, have been documented here and part in the future.

scholarly journals To what extent does evidence support decision making during infectious disease outbreaks? A scoping literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreea Salajan ◽  
Svetla Tsolova ◽  
Massimo Ciotti ◽  
Jonathan E. Suk
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Expert Advice ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Decision Making Processes

Background:Infectious disease outbreaks require decision makers to make rapid decisions under time pressure and situations of scientific uncertainty, and yet the role of evidence usage in these contexts is poorly understood. Aims and objectives:To define and contextualise the role of scientific evidence in the governance of infectious disease outbreaks and to identify recommendations for overcoming common barriers to evidence-informed decision making. Methods:A scoping review and an expert workshop to provide additional input into recommendations on enhancing evidence uptake during infectious disease outbreaks taking place in European settings. Findings:Forty-nine records reporting on multiple decision-making processes during infectious disease outbreaks of the past ten years were included in the study. Decision makers prioritise expert advice, epidemiological data and mathematical modelling data for risk characterisation and management, but tend to be challenged by scientific uncertainties, which allow for conflicting interpretations of evidence and for public criticism and contestation of decision-making processes. There are concrete opportunities for optimising evidence usage to improve public health policy and practice through investment in decision-making competencies, relationship building, and promoting transparent decision-making processes. Discussion and conclusions:It is not necessarily a disregard of evidence that puts a strain on decision making in health crises, but rather competing interests and the lack of clear, unambiguous and rapidly available evidence for risk characterisation and effectiveness of response measures.The relationship between science and public health decision making is relatively understudied but is deserving of greater attention, so as to ensure that the pursuit of evidence for decision making does not challenge timely and effective crisis management.

scholarly journals Detection, forecasting and control of infectious disease epidemics: modelling outbreaks in humans, animals and plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 374 (1775) ◽  
pp. 20190038 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin N. Thompson ◽  
Ellen Brooks-Pollock
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Plant Disease ◽  
Influenza Pandemic ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Theme Issue ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Disease Epidemics ◽  
And Control

The 1918 influenza pandemic is one of the most devastating infectious disease epidemics on record, having caused approximately 50 million deaths worldwide. Control measures, including prohibiting non-essential gatherings as well as closing cinemas and music halls, were applied with varying success and limited knowledge of transmission dynamics. One hundred years later, following developments in the field of mathematical epidemiology, models are increasingly used to guide decision-making and devise appropriate interventions that mitigate the impacts of epidemics. Epidemiological models have been used as decision-making tools during outbreaks in human, animal and plant populations. However, as the subject has developed, human, animal and plant disease modelling have diverged. Approaches have been developed independently for pathogens of each host type, often despite similarities between the models used in these complementary fields. With the increased importance of a One Health approach that unifies human, animal and plant health, we argue that more inter-disciplinary collaboration would enhance each of the related disciplines. This pair of theme issues presents research articles written by human, animal and plant disease modellers. In this introductory article, we compare the questions pertinent to, and approaches used by, epidemiological modellers of human, animal and plant pathogens, and summarize the articles in these theme issues. We encourage future collaboration that transcends disciplinary boundaries and links the closely related areas of human, animal and plant disease epidemic modelling. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes’. This issue is linked with the subsequent theme issue ‘Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control’.

scholarly journals Protocol for Scoping Review of Mediators of Women’s Care-seeking Behaviour During Infectious Disease Outbreaks in Sub-sahara Africa (SSA)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ntochukwu Ndu ◽  
Elysee Nouvet ◽  
Janet Martin ◽  
Babenko-Mould Yolanda
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks

Abstract Globally, there continues to be a surge in infectious disease outbreaks. While old diseases are re-emerging, new ones are also emerging. This speed of emergence and re-emergence is accelerated by human development, changes in demographics, population, and the environment. We continue to see new patterns of disease infections from their natural hosts to humans, with pathogens now travelling beyond traditional vector areas and spreading to previously unaffected environments. Lessons from Ebola tell us that women and children will be disproportionately affected by infectious disease outbreaks. A mother’s health-seeking behaviour has direct implications for the health of her children and the entire family. The way women reach health decisions could be the deciding factor in whether they or their children live. The broad objective of this review of the literature is to explore, identify, and map gaps in the literature on factors resulting from infectious diseases outbreak that could impact women’s health care decision-making. The review will compare health-seeking behaviour in sub-Sahara Africa during outbreak and non-outbreak periods, to generate a comparative analysis of the health behaviour of women of reproductive age and factors impacting on their health-seeking behaviour when there is an outbreak versus no outbreak. It is anticipated to be of interest to sub-Saharan Africa governments, national and international policymakers, and researchers, seeking to expand their attention to mothers and their children’s needs in emergency preparedness.

scholarly journals Infectious disease outbreaks in the African region: overview of events reported to the World Health Organization in 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Mboussou ◽  
P. Ndumbi ◽  
R. Ngom ◽  
Z. Kassamali ◽  
O. Ogundiran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
World Health ◽  
African Region ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
Member States ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks ◽  
The World

Abstract The WHO African region is characterised by the largest infectious disease burden in the world. We conducted a retrospective descriptive analysis using records of all infectious disease outbreaks formally reported to the WHO in 2018 by Member States of the African region. We analysed the spatio-temporal distribution, the notification delay as well as the morbidity and mortality associated with these outbreaks. In 2018, 96 new disease outbreaks were reported across 36 of the 47 Member States. The most commonly reported disease outbreak was cholera which accounted for 20.8% (n = 20) of all events, followed by measles (n = 11, 11.5%) and Yellow fever (n = 7, 7.3%). About a quarter of the outbreaks (n = 23) were reported following signals detected through media monitoring conducted at the WHO regional office for Africa. The median delay between the disease onset and WHO notification was 16 days (range: 0–184). A total of 107 167 people were directly affected including 1221 deaths (mean case fatality ratio (CFR): 1.14% (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07%–1.20%)). The highest CFR was observed for diseases targeted for eradication or elimination: 3.45% (95% CI 0.89%–10.45%). The African region remains prone to outbreaks of infectious diseases. It is therefore critical that Member States improve their capacities to rapidly detect, report and respond to public health events.

scholarly journals Statistical methods for the prospective detection of infectious disease outbreaks: a review

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen Unkel ◽  
C. Paddy Farrington ◽  
Paul H. Garthwaite ◽  
Chris Robertson ◽  
Nick Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Infectious Disease Outbreaks
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