scholarly journals Anatomical variations of sulci in human fetal cerebrum and its clinical significance

Biomedicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
Muthuchitra Pandian ◽  
Anjali Sabnis ◽  
Shroff Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Superior Temporal Sulcus ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Occipitotemporal Sulcus ◽  
Superior Frontal Sulcus

Introduction and Aim: Appearance of sulci and its number in the fetal cerebrum is a signal of growth and development. Chronological appearance and symmetrical development of sulci corresponds to gestational age of fetus. Few sulci can be visualized in the prenatal period to judge the growth of fetus. Any change in chronological appearance, symmetry and number of sulci in fetal cerebrum is of prime importance.   Materials and Methods: Hundred and six cerebral hemispheres of 53 fetal brains of different gestational ages were collected from MGM Hospital Kalamboli and Aurangabad after institutional ethical approval to study the pattern of sulci on both sides after fixing in 10% formalin.   Results: In 6 (5.6 %) cerebral hemispheres variation in appearance of sulci was observed. It was noted that there is change in number of superior temporal sulcus (STS), superior frontal sulcus (SFS), parieto-occipital sulcus (POS), calcarine sulcus (CS) and occipitotemporal sulcus (OTS) on both the sides in 6 cerebral hemispheres. Remaining 100 cerebral hemisphere showed normal, symmetrical appearance and number of sulci.   Conclusion: It was observed that the fetal cerebral hemispheres which showed variations in appearance and number of sulci were associated with mother having eclampsia.

scholarly journals A Comparison of CT Contrast Enhancement and BUDR Labeling Indices in Moderately and Highly Anaplastic Astrocytomas of the Cerebral Hemispheres

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. McDermott ◽  
Hendrikus G.J. Krouwer ◽  
Akio Asai ◽  
Satoyuki Ito ◽  
Takao Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Proliferative Potential ◽  
Ct Contrast

ABSTRACT:Contrast enhancement on computerized tomography (CT) scans has been used in directing therapy for presumed intracranial gliomas. However, for moderately anaplastic astrocytomas (MOAAS) and highly anaplastic astrocytomas (HAAS), it provides no information about proliferative potential. The bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) labeling index (LI), however, indicates proliferative potential, correlating with histologic malignancy and survival. An LI < 1% is a favorable indicator; LI > 5% suggests more aggressiveness. To determine the correlation, if any, between BUDR LI and contrast enhancement, CT scans of 71 patients with cerebral hemisphere tumors labeled with BUDR were retrospectively reviewed. Among 36 MOAAS, the BUDR LI was < 1% in 77% of enhanced tumors and 61% of unenhanced tumors. Among 35 HAAS, it was < 5% in 56% of enhanced tumors and 90% of unenhanced tumors. Therefore, contrast enhancement on CT scans does not always correctly predict proliferative potential in these tumors, and biopsy and labeling studies are recommended before therapy.

Fetal growth and development following temporary exposure of Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
L. D. Dunne ◽  
E. K. Maxfield ◽  
C. A. Maltin ◽  
L. E. Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Fetal Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Organ Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Sex ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
Day 3 Embryos

The effect of exposing Day 3 ovine embryos to an advanced uterine environment for a period of 3 days on subsequent fetal growth and development between Day 35 and Day 135 of gestation was studied. Day 3 embryos were recovered from superovulated donor ewes and transferred to synchronous final or asynchronous temporary recipients for 3 days. Embryos were recovered from these temporary recipients and transferred to Day 6 final recipients. Gravid uteri were recovered, weighed and dissected on Days 35, 45, 60, 90, 110, 125 and 135 of gestation. Fetal weight and length data were analysed by fitting non-linear Gompertz models of the form loge y = a – be–ct, where y is fetal size and t is time from conception. Various terms including treatment, gestational age, embryo stage at transfer and fetal sex were fitted to this model. Fetal development was assessed by relating organ weight to fetal bodyweight using the linear allometric equation loge y = loge a + b loge x, where y is organ weight and x is fetal weight. Temporary exposure of Day 3 embryos to an advanced uterine environment did not increase the rate of embryo development and had no effect on fetal growth and development between Days 35 and 135 of gestation in this study. A single Gompertz model (loge y = 10.134 – 17.047e –0.01733t) explained 99.8% of the variation in fetal weight. Of terms fitted to this model only gestational age and fetal sex influenced fetal weight, with male fetuses being 5% heavier (P<0.05) than female fetuses. Fetal development was also unaffected by experimental treatment in this study. Allometric coefficients established for various fetal components agreed well with those from previously published studies.

Effect of hypophysectomy on the growth and development of the sheep adrenal gland: a morphometric study

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Coulter ◽  
I. R. Young ◽  
C. A. Browne ◽  
I. C. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Fetal Sheep ◽  
Newborn Lamb

Abstract. We have investigated the effect of gestational age and fetal hypophysectomy on the growth and development of the adrenal gland of the fetal sheep. The area of the fetal sheep adrenal medulla increased significantly (P< 0.05) from 3.21 ± 0.42 mm2 at 90–107 days to 6.09 ± 0.26 mm2 at 120-126 days of gestation and there was a further significant increase (P< 0.05) in the newborn period to 9.48 ± 0.85 mm2. The adrenomedullary area of the hypophysectomised fetal sheep (7.47 ± 1.10 mm2) was not significantly different from that of the fetal sheep at 140–146 days of gestation or from that of the newborn lamb. The ratio of the area of the adrenal occupied by the cells which contained adrenaline (adrenaline zone) to the area of the adrenal occupied by the cells which contained noradrenaline (noradrenaline zone) was unchanged between 90 days of gestation and 12 days after birth. After hypophysectomy, the ratio of the adrenaline to noradrenaline zone was not significantly different from that in the adrenal medulla of the 140–146 days fetal sheep and the 10–12 days newborn lamb.

scholarly journals Morphological and morphometrical studies of the human foetal lung

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-79
Author(s):  
Rajeev Mukhia ◽  
Dil Islam Mansur ◽  
Sidharth Timsina ◽  
Taneja BK
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Left Lung ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Adult Lung ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Foetal Lung

Background: Foetal lung is one of the organs of interest for researchers since a long time. Though, detailed study about adult lung is there in the literature but lungs at different stages in foetal period is less available. Aims and Objective: To find out the morphological and morphometrical features of the foetal lung in different gestational weeks. Materials and Methods: After ethical approval the study was carried out on 66 human foetal lungs aged between 16th to 40th gestational weeks in the Department of Anatomy, Manipal College of Medical Sciences. After the dissection of foetuses, the lungs were removed out and the presence of fissures and lobes for both lungs were noted. Weights of both lungs were calibrated by digital weighing machine. Dimensions of foetal lungs were recorded by vernier calliper. All the data were represented as mean then analyzed with MS excel 2007 software and represented graphically. Results: In the normally developing foetuses the dimensions of both lung increases with increase in gestational age with more or less difference between the dimension of right and left lung. There was number of variations seen in the fissures and lobes of the lungs. Conclusion: The fissures and lobes are needed for locating broncho-pulmonary segments hence, knowledge of their position is necessary both anatomically as well as clinically for planning lobectomies and surgical resections.

scholarly journals Launching of the Anaemia Research Peruvian Cohort (ARPEC): a multicentre birth cohort project to explore the iron adaptive homeostasis, infant growth and development in three Peruvian regions

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. e045609
Author(s):  
Doreen Montag ◽  
Carlos A Delgado ◽  
Consuelo Quispe ◽  
David Wareham ◽  
Valentina Gallo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Iron Homeostasis ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Ethical Approval ◽  
Stool Microbiota ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundPreventing infantile anaemia and ensuring optimal growth and development during early childhood, particularly in resource-constrained settings, represent an ongoing public health challenge. Current responses are aligned to treatment-based solutions, instead of determining the roles of its inter-related causes. This project aims to assess and understand the complex interplay of eco-bio-social-political factors that determine infantile anaemia to inform policy, research design and prevention practices.MethodsThis is a longitudinal birth cohort study including four components: (1) biological, will assess known blood markers of iron homeostasis and anaemia and stool microbiota to identify and genetically analyse the participants’ flora; (2) ecological, will assess and map pollutants in air, water and soil and evaluate features of nutrition and perceived food security; (3) social, which will use different qualitative research methodologies to explore key stakeholders and informants’ perceptions related to nutritional, environmental and anaemia topics, participant observations and a participatory approach and (4) a political analysis, to identify and assess the impact of policies, guidelines and programmes at all levels for infantile anaemia in the three regions. Finally, we will also explore the role of social determinants and demographic variables longitudinally for all study participants. This project aims to contribute to the evidence of the inter-related causal factors of infantile anaemia, addressing the complexity of influencing factors from diverse methodological angles. We will assess infantile anaemia in three regions of Peru, including newborns and their mothers as participants, from childbirth until their first year of age.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval was obtained from the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño (Lima, Peru), CIEI-043-2019. An additional opinion has been granted by the Ethical Committee of Queen Mary University of London (London, UK). Dissemination across stakeholders is taking part as a continues part of the research process.

scholarly journals QUERCETIN LIMITS THE PROGRESSION OF OXIDATIVE AND NITROSATIVE STRESS IN THE RATS’ TISSUES AFTER EXPERIMENTAL TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (10) ◽  
pp. 2127-2132
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Yavtushenko ◽  
Svitlana M. Nazarenko ◽  
Oleksandr V. Katrushov ◽  
Vitalii O. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oxidative And Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
White Rats

The aim: To investigate the effect of water-soluble form of quercetin on the indices reflecting the progression of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the cerebral tissues and the periodontium of rats after experimental TBI. Materials and methods: The studies were conducted on 30 white rats of the Wistar line weighing 180-220 g, divided into 3 groups: the 1st group included pseudo-injured animals (subjected to ether anaesthesia, fixation without TBI modeling), the 2nd group included the animals exposed to modeled moderate TBI, the 3rd group involved the rats, which were given injections with water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin, “Borshchahivskiy CPP”, Ukraine) intraperitoneally in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg recalculated for quercetin for 7 days following the TBI modeling. The formation of superoxide radical anion (.О2 -), activity of NO-synthase – total (NOS), its constitutive and inducible isoforms (cNOS, iNOS) – and concentration of peroxynitrite were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the tissues was evaluated by the formationof a stained trimethine complex during the reaction of tiobarbituric acid (TBA). The activity of the antioxidant system was assessed by increasing in the concentration of TBA active products during 1.5 hour incubation in iron-ascorbate buffer solution, as well as by the activity of antioxidant enzymes – superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Results: The use of quercetin under the experimental conditions significantly reduced the О2 - generation by NADPH- and NADH-dependent electron transport chains by 30.2 and 35.0% (in the cerebral hemispheres) and by 23.5 and 32.5% (in the soft periodontal tissues), respectively, compared to the findings in the 2nd group. The production of this radical by leukocyte NADPH oxidase in these organs was inferior to the value of the 2nd group by 39.3 and 29.9%. We revealed that the use of quercetin in the experimental conditions probably reduced the activity of NOS, including iNOS, by 38.2 and 45.3% (in the cerebral hemispheres) and by 53.5 and 66.9% (in the soft periodontal tissues), respectively, compared with the findings in the 2nd group. Under these conditions, the cNOS activity went up by 50.0% and doubled, the peroxynitrite content was lower by 19.5 and 32.1% than that in the 2nd group. The administration of quercetin in the experimental conditions significantly reduced the concentration of TBA-active products in the homogenate of cerebral hemispheres and soft periodontal tissues. The development of decompensated LPO is also confirmed by a decrease in the activity of SOD and catalase. Conclusions: on the 7th day after modeling moderate TBI in rats the signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress are found not only in locus morbi (in the tissue of the cerebral hemisphere), but also in distant organs (periodontal tissues). Applying of water-soluble form of quercetin significantly reduces signs of oxidative-nitrosative stress in the tissue of the cerebral hemisphere of rats, as well as in periodontal tissues on the 7th day after moderate TBI modeling.

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