The Electoral Constraints on Inter-Party Mobility of Candidates: The Case of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Zhirnov ◽  
Mariam Mufti
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Market Value ◽  
District Level ◽  
Electoral Volatility ◽  
Local District ◽  
Electoral District ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Positive Effect

This article investigates the electoral constraints on the inter-party mobility of candidates. We argue that the prevalent mode of interactions among candidates, voters, and parties in local, district-level electoral markets shapes the strategic constraints faced by potential party switchers. We suggest that strong linkages between voters and political parties reduce the market value of the candidates outside of their political parties, thereby constraining their inter-party mobility. These expectations are evaluated using candidate- and district-level data from Pakistan from 1988–2013. The results show that the strength of voter-party linkages in an electoral district, as measured by the lack of electoral volatility and the extent of straight-ticket voting in national and provincial elections, has a positive effect on the propensity of candidates to switch parties.

Why Ethnic Subaltern-Led Parties Crowd Out Armed Organizations: Explaining Maoist Violence in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanchan Chandra ◽  
Omar García-Ponce
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Field Research ◽  
District Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Armed Violence ◽  
Maoist Movement ◽  
New Hypothesis

AbstractThis article asks why some Indian districts experience chronic Maoist violence while others do not. The answer helps to explain India’s Maoist civil war, which is the product of the accumulation of violence in a few districts, as well as to generate a new hypothesis about the causes of civil war more generally. The authors argue that, other things equal, the emergence of subaltern-led parties at the critical juncture before armed organizations enter crowds them out: the stronger the presence of subaltern-led political parties in a district at this juncture, the lower the likelihood of experiencing chronic armed violence subsequently. They develop their argument through field research and test its main prediction using an original, district-level data set on subaltern incorporation and Maoist violence in India between 1967 and 2008. The article contributes a new, party-based explanation to the literatures on both civil war and Maoist violence in India. It also introduces new district-level data on the Maoist movement and on the incorporation of subaltern ethnic groups by political parties in India.

Was Duverger Correct? Single-Member District Election Outcomes in Fifty-three Countries

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew M. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
District Level ◽  
Party Competition ◽  
Plurality Rule ◽  
Third Place ◽  
Institutional Rules ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Number Of Parties ◽  
Duverger's Law

In districts where only one seat is contested, the electoral formula (plurality or majority) should be a major determinant of the number of parties that receive votes. Specifically, plurality rule should generate two-party competition while other institutional arrangements should generate electoral fragmentation. Yet tests of these propositions using district-level data have focused on a limited number of cases; they rarely contrast different electoral systems and have reached mixed conclusions. This study analyses district-level data from 6,745 single-member district election contests from 53 democratic countries to test the evidence for Duverger's Law and Hypothesis. Double-ballot majoritarian systems have large numbers of candidates, as predicted, but while the average outcome under plurality rule is generally consistent with two-party competition, it is not perfectly so. The two largest parties typically dominate the districts (generally receiving more than 90 per cent of the vote), and there is very little support for parties finishing fourth or worse. Yet third-place parties do not completely disappear, and ethnic divisions shape party fragmentation levels, even under plurality rule. Finally, institutional rules that generate multiparty systems elsewhere in the country increase electoral fragmentation in single-member plurality districts.

Infrastructure and FDI: Evidence from District-Level Data in India

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krishnamurthy Subramanian ◽  
Rajesh Chakrabarti ◽  
Sesha Sairam ◽  
Sudershan Kuntluru
Keyword(s):  
District Level ◽  
Level Data

scholarly journals Pengaruh Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pada Market Value Added (MVA) Perusahaan Manufaktur Dan Pertambangan

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rezi Setin Novian ◽  
Santi Novita
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Information Disclosure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Market Value Added ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Positive Effect

Along with the increase of information disclosure needs by stakeholder, the companies are not only demanded to be responsible for merely economic aspect but also environmental and social aspects. The objective of this research to provide the evidence of the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) disclosure to the companies performance using Market Value Added (MVA). The research is using manufacturing and mining companies that listed in Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) from the year 2007 to 2011 as samples. The hypothesis was tested using t test and the result of this study is Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has positive effect on Market Value Added (MVA).

scholarly journals Political Economy Analysis of Voter Participation and Choices in National Elections in Ghana’s Fourth Republican Era

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Kwabena Asomanin Anaman ◽  
Gbensuglo Alidu Bukari
Keyword(s):  
Voter Turnout ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
District Level ◽  
Voter Participation ◽  
Political Class ◽  
Literacy Rate ◽  
National Population ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Republican Era

We analysed the determinants of voter participation (turnout), impairment of voter participation (spoiled or rejected ballots), and the outcomes (share of the total valid votes cast garnered by the victorious political party) in national presidential elections during the Fourth Republican era in Ghana. This analysis was undertaken based on meso-level statistical models, using district-level data of voters compiled from constituency-level data maintained by the Electoral Commission of Ghana, and district-level socio-economic characteristics derived from the 2010 and 2000 National Population Censuses conducted by the Ghana Statistical Service. In essence, we used data from two presidential elections in Ghana in 2000 and 2012 which could be directly aligned to data from the 2000 and 2010 national population censuses for district-level analysis using the concept of an average “district” voter. Our analysis indicated that the voter turnout was determined by a number of factors, the most important one being the population aged 15 over; the turnout decreases with increasing population. The impairment of voter participation, based on the proportion of the total votes cast attributed to spoiled ballots, was linked to the literacy rate with the spoiled ballots proportion declining with increasing literacy rate. The share of the total valid votes cast, obtained by the victorious party in a district, was influenced to a large degree by the proportion of the total number of citizens in a district belonging to the two biggest social/ethnic groups in Ghana, Asantes and Ewes, who predominantly voted in a countervailing manner for the parties that their political class elites dominate, the New Patriotic Party and National Democratic Congress, respectively.

scholarly journals PENGARUH INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN DAN PENILAIAN PASAR DENGANCORPORATE GOVERNANCE SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Citra Chairunissa ◽  
Raden Rosiyana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Governance ◽  
Financial Performance ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Normality Test ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

<p><em>T</em><em>he  objective  of  the  emperical  study  is  to  examine  and  to analyze  1)  The Influence of Intellectual Capital to Financial Performance, 2 ) The Influence of Intellectual Capital to Market Value, 3) The Influence of Intellectual Capital to Financial Performance with Corporate Governance as an Moderating  4) The Influence of Intellectual Capital to Market Value with Corporate Governance as an  Moderating  Variable.  The sample of  this emperical  study is the company financing company that listed in the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) 2010-2012</em>.<em>  </em><em></em><em>T</em><em>his  research  uses  purposive  sampling  method. Data  analysis  techniques include  1)  Descriptive  statistics, 2)  Normality  Test, 3)  Classical  Test Assumptions : Multicollinearity and Heteroskidastity , 4) Regression Testing : Coefficient of Determination Test , F Test , danUji T. The results of this empirical study are 1) Intellectual Capital significant positive effect on the company 's financial  performance ,  2)  Intellectual  Capital significant  negative effect  on market valuation , 3) Intellectual Capital no significant effect on the financial performance of companies   with   moderated Corporate Governance, 4) Intellectual Capital  had  no  significant  effect  assessment  of  the  performance market with moderated Corporate Governance</em></p>

scholarly journals TRADEMARK ACTIVITY AND THE MARKET PERFORMANCE OF U.S. COMMERCIAL BANKS

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 931-950 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos González-Pedraz ◽  
Sergio Mayordomo
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
Market Value ◽  
Tobin’S Q ◽  
Tobin's Q ◽  
Cumulative Abnormal Returns ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Positive Effect

This empirical paper analyzes the effect of trademark activity on the market value and performance of US commercial banks from two perspectives. First, a longterm perspective considers the effect of such activity on banks’ Tobin's q. Second, with a short-term perspective, the authors analyze the effect of trademark activity on banks’ abnormal returns. An older portfolio of trademarks diminishes the ratio of market value to firm assets, but this ratio can be improved in the long term by abandoning old trade-marks. Portfolios of trademarks with wide diversification do not help increase Tobin's q. Furthermore, according to an event study, the creation of a trademark has a positive effect on cumulative abnormal returns compared with no event, whereas a cancellation event has a negative impact.

Spatial analysis of child labour in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lokender Prashad ◽  
Mili Dutta ◽  
Bishnu Mohan Dash
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
District Level ◽  
School Level ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Data

Purpose This study on spatial analysis of child labour in India is a macro level analysis on child labour using the census data, 2011 of Government of India. The population census which is conducted once in 10 years only provides district level data on work-force distribution. The study has spatial analysis of child labour in the age group of 5–14 years in India. To assess the magnitude of the children in the labour force, district level data of Census 2011 has been used in the study. The study has made an attempt to identify the districts where there is high level of children in the labour force. This paper aims to estimate the magnitude and trends of children’s workforce participation using the census data as it is the only data base, which is available at the district level since 1961 onwards. The study has made an attempt to identify the clustering of child labour across districts in India and how child labour is clustered by different background characteristics. Design/methodology/approach The study has used ArcGIS software package, GeoDa software and local indicator of spatial association test. Findings The findings of study reveal that the proportion of rural, total fertility rate (TFR) and poverty headcount ratio is positively associated, whereas female literacy and the pupil-teacher ratio are negatively associated with child labour. It suggests that in the hot-spot areas and areas where there is a high prevalence of child labour, there is need to increase the teacher's number at the school level to improve the teacher-pupil ratio and also suggested to promote the female education, promote family planning practices to reduce TFR in those areas for reducing the incidences of child labour. Research limitations/implications The study also recommends that the incidences of child labour can be controlled by a comprehensive holistic action plan with the active participation of social workers. Practical implications The promulgation of effective legislation, active involvement of judiciary and police, political will, effective poverty alleviation and income generation programmes, sensitisation of parents, corporates and media can play effective role in mitigating the incidences of child labour in India. To achieve the sustainable development goals (SDGs) adopted by world leaders in 2015 to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025. Social implications The study aims to achieve the SDGs adopted by world leaders in 2015 to eradicate child labour in all its forms by 2025. Originality/value The study is purely original and there are no such studies in Indian context by using the latest software.

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