The potential retinal hazards of curing light use for dentists

Background: Many recent studies have focused on the potential hazards of blue light exposure to ocular health. One group with a unique blue light exposure risk is dentists, who use curing lights that emit intense blue light during restorative procedures. During these procedures, dentists often experience brief ocular exposure to these lights. The purpose of the present study was to explore whether such exposures may have an effect on the vision and ocular health of dentists. Methods: A group of 12 dentists who had experienced curing light exposure over a period of 10 or more years were compared to a group of eight control subjects with no such exposure. The subjects were tested for visual acuity and contrast sensitivity. Their retinas were examined using fundus imaging and optical coherence tomography. Macular pigment optical density was measured. The likelihood that brief blue light exposure could lead to ocular effects was further explored by subjecting a retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) line to such exposures. Results: Although no visual defects or ocular pathologies were found in either group, the dentist group differed from the control group in having increased macular thickness (P < 0.02), a higher incidence of macular vessel tortuosity (P < 0.05), and greater variance in their macular pigment optical density values (P < 0.01). RPE cells that received blue light exposure similar to those sustained by dentists demonstrated a change in physiology. Conclusions: Retinal changes were found in dentists, which, while not pathological in themselves, are associated with some retinal pathologies. Further studies are necessary to determine whether these signs correlate with the degree of curing light exposure and to determine whether they eventually develop into pathological conditions.

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Light Exposure and Macular Pigment Optical Density

Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science ◽

10.1167/iovs.01-1191 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 44 (1) ◽

pp. 306 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Adam J. Wenzel ◽

Kenneth Fuld ◽

James M. Stringham

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Light Exposure ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density

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New Pathogenetic-Oriented Method of Treatment of the Dry Form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

Galician Medical Journal ◽

10.21802/gmj.2016.3.47 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

Author(s):

N. O. Dziuba ◽

A. M. Sergienko

Keyword(s):

Conservative Treatment ◽

Macular Degeneration ◽

Optical Density ◽

Light Therapy ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Low Energy ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Control Group ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Age Related

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible loss of central vision in people over 60 years of age. One of the most important risk factors for AMD is decrease in macular pigment optical density (MPOD). Search for new possible ways of (MPOD) improvement in AMD treatment is very important.The objective of the research was to study the indices of macular pigment optical density in patients with the dry form of AMD after two courses of low-energy light therapy and conservative treatment.Material and methods. The main group (MG) included 87 patients (146 eyes) who underwent two courses of low-energy light therapy (LLT) in combination with two courses of conservative treatment in hospital for 10 days at intervals of six months each. The control group (CG) consisted of 75 patients (135 eyes) who underwent only two courses of conservative therapy in the hospital for 10 days at intervals of six months each. Observations were conducted before, after treatment, after 1, 3 and 6 months after each course of treatment. The total period of follow-up was 1 year. LLT was performed using the device Spektra Light (Canada). All patients were generally conducted eye examination. MPOD was measured using densitometer “Maculux praxis” (Germany) by heterochromatic flicker photometry.Results. MPOD index increased from 0.249 ± 0.011 units to 0.360 ± 0.016 units, by 0.111 ± 0.014 units (44.6%) in 1 month after the first course of treatment, up to 0.344 ± 0.015 units, by 0.095 ± 0.013 units (38.2%) after 3 months, up to 0.321 ± 0.014 units, by 0.072 ± 0.013 (28.9%) in 6 months (p<0.05) in patients of MG. Stabilization of the index from 0.248 ± 0.012 units before the treatment and 0.243 ± 0.011 6 months after the first course of treatment (p>0.05) occurred in patients of the KG. MPOD indices increased from 0.321 ± 0.014 units to 0.431 ± 0.017 units, by 0.110 ± 0.016 units (34.3%) in 1 month after the second course of treatment, up to 0.412 ± 0.017 units, by 0.091 ± 0.016 units (28.4%) in 3 months, and up to 0.388 ± 0.016 units, by 0.067 ± 0.015 (20.9%) in 6 months (p<0.05) in patients of the MG. Stabilization of the index from 0.243 ± 0.011 units before the treatment and 0.237 ± 0.011 in 6 months after the second course of treatment (p>0.05) was observed in patients of KG.Conclusions. 1. Statistically significant increase in macular pigment optical density from 0.249 ± 0.011 units to 0.388 ± 0.016, by 0.139 ± 0.014 units (by 55.8%) was noted in patients who underwent two courses of low-energy light therapy in combination with a course of conservative treatment. Macular pigment optical density index did not change in the patients in the control group. 2. Two courses of low-energy light therapy in combination with a course of conservative treatment increases the concentration of macular pigment, as evidenced by the increase in indices of macular pigment optical density in comparison with conservative treatment, during which indices stabilize.

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Effect of Long-Term Xanthophyll and Anthocyanin Supplementation on Lutein and Zeaxanthin Serum Concentrations and Macular Pigment Optical Density in Postmenopausal Women

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu10080959 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 959 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Begoña Olmedilla-Alonso ◽

Rocío Estévez-Santiago ◽

José-Manuel Silván ◽

Milagros Sánchez-Prieto ◽

Sonia de Pascual-Teresa

Keyword(s):

Serum Concentration ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Optical Density ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Group A ◽

Short And Long Term ◽

Ocular Health

Xanthophylls (lutein, L; zeaxanthin, Z) and anthocyanins are often included in food supplements to improve ocular health. There are no dietary reference intakes for them. The aim was to assess the effects of L, Z and anthocyanin supplementation on short and long-term lutein status markers (serum concentration and macular pigment optical density (MPOD)). Seventy-two postmenopausal women were randomized into a parallel study of 8 months: Group A—anthocyanines (60 mg/day); Group X—xanthophylls (6 mg L + 2 mg Z/day); Group X+A—anthocyanines (60 mg/day) + xanthophylls (6 mg L + 2 mg Z/day). At the beginning of the study, 4 and 8 month serum L and Z concentrations were determined (HPLC), as well as L, Z and anthocyanine dietary intake and MPOD (heterochromic flicker photometry). Baseline concentrations of L (0.35 ± 0.19 μmol/L), Z (0.11 ± 0.05 μmol/L), L+Z/cholesterol/triglycerides (0.07 ± 0.04 μmol/mmol) increased in Group X (2.8- and 1.6-fold in L and Z concentrations) and in group XA (2- and 1.4-fold in L and Z concentrations). MPOD (baseline: 0.32 ± 0.13 du) was not modified in any of the groups at the end of the study. There were no differences in the dietary intake of L+Z and anthocyanin at any point in time in any group. Supplementation of L and Z at a dietary level provoked an increase in their serum concentration that was not modified by simultaneous supplementation with anthocyanins.

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The role of the macular pigment optical density measurement in the diagnosis of eye diseases

Clinical ophthalmology ◽

10.21689/2311-7729-2016-16-4-197-200 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 197-200

Author(s):

E.N. Eskina ◽

◽

E.A. Egorov ◽

A.V. Belogurova ◽

А.А. Gvetadze ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Optical Density ◽

Density Measurement ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Eye Diseases ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Optical Density Measurement

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Macular Pigment Optical Density and Photoreceptor Outer Segment Length as Predisease Biomarkers for Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9051347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 1347 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Norihiro Nagai ◽

Sakiko Minami ◽

Misa Suzuki ◽

Hajime Shinoda ◽

Toshihide Kurihara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Macular Degeneration ◽

Optical Density ◽

Outer Segment ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽

Segment Length ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Photoreceptor Outer Segment ◽

Age Related ◽

Fellow Eyes

To explore predisease biomarkers, which may help screen for the risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) at very early stages, macular pigment optical density (MPOD) and photoreceptor outer segment (PROS) length were analyzed. Thirty late AMD fellow eyes, which are at high risk and represent the predisease condition of AMD, were evaluated and compared with 30 age-matched control eyes without retinal diseases; there was no early AMD involvement in the AMD fellow eyes. MPOD was measured using MPS2® (M.E. Technica Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), and PROS length was measured based on optical coherence tomography images. MPOD levels and PROS length in the AMD fellow eyes were significantly lower and shorter, respectively, than in control eyes. MPOD and PROS length were positively correlated in control eyes (R = 0.386; p = 0.035) but not in AMD fellow eyes. Twenty (67%) AMD fellow eyes met the criteria of MPOD < 0.65 and/or PROS length < 35 μm, while only five (17%) control eyes did. After adjusting for age and sex, AMD fellow eyes more frequently satisfied the definition (p < 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 3.50–60.4; odds ratio, 14.6). The combination of MPOD and PROS length may be a useful biomarker for screening predisease AMD patients, although further studies are required in this regard.

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Macular pigment optical density in central serous chorioretinopathy

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/2515841421997195 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 251584142199719

Author(s):

Burcu Polat Gultekin ◽

Esra Sahli

Keyword(s):

Confidence Interval ◽

Optical Density ◽

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Choroidal Thickness ◽

Retinal Thickness ◽

Macular Pigment ◽

Central Retinal Thickness ◽

Macular Pigment Optical Density ◽

Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy ◽

Acute Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Purpose: The aim of our study was to evaluate the macular pigment optical density in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and to describe the association between central retinal thickness and choroidal thickness with the macular pigment optical density. Materials and Methods: Eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (patients, who were diagnosed as having disease activity for 6 months) were included in this study. Macular pigment was measured using the heterochromatic flicker technique of the MPS II device for both eyes in patients with acute and chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and in control subjects. Results: Twenty-seven eyes with acute central serous chorioretinopathy, 23 eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy, and 25 control eyes were enrolled. The mean macular pigment optical density in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy (0.480 ± 0.16 density unit (95% confidence interval: 0.390–0.570) was found to be significantly lower than in the control eyes (0.571 ± 0.128 density unit) (95% confidence interval: 0.480–0.670) ( p = 0.007). In correlation analysis, no significant association was detected between the central retinal thickness, choroidal thickness, and macular pigment optical density values in central serous chorioretinopathy group ( p = 0.31, p = 0.71). Conclusion: Macular pigment optical density levels were significantly lower in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy patients than in controls, possibly due to degeneration of the neurosensorial retina, as a result of the long-term persistence of subretinal fluid. There was not a significant correlation between choroidal thickness and macular pigment optical density levels in central serous chorioretinopathy group.

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