Passive Smoking and Congenital Heart Defects in Offspring among Bangladesh

Objective: Maternal active smoking is significantly associated with an increased risk of congenital heart defects (CHDs), but the association between maternal passive smoking and risk of CHDs is inconclusive. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of passive smoking and the risk of development of CHD among Bangladeshi population. Methodology: It was a case control study, conducted from July 2018 to July 2019 in Paediatric Cardiology department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Parents of the children with CHD visiting the out-patient department of Dhaka Shishu Hospital was considered as cases. Controls were taken from parents of the children who don’t have congenital heart disease. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to collect information on maternal active and passive smoking. Data was collected by using a structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Chi square test (ꭓ2), Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations between maternal passive smoking and all CHDs. Risk factors on bivariate analysis were introduced into a logistic regression model as independent factors and dependent variable was CHDs to find out the association between CHDs and maternal passive smoking. Results: Among case group no mother was active smoker, 51.9% were passive smoker and most of the cases source was husband, 19.6% took smokeless tobacco or green tobacco, 55.8% took tea and 5.8% took coffee during pregnancy period. On logistic regression analysis passive smoking (p=0.019) was independently associated with CHDs. Mother with passive smoking exposure had 1.5 times risk of developing CHDs compared to those who were not exposed. Conclusions: Passive smoking is significantly associated with CHDs.

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Identification of Second Trimester Screen Positive Pregnancies at Increased Risk for Congenital Heart Defects

Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey ◽

10.1097/01.ogx.0000359274.99100.5a ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (10) ◽

pp. 652-653

Author(s):

Laura L. Jelliffe-Pawlowski ◽

Lynn Walton-Haynes ◽

Robert J. Currier

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Second Trimester ◽

Increased Risk

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The incidence and diagnostics of congenital heart defects in Kaunas infant population during 1999–2005

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina44020018 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 139

Author(s):

Virginija Dulskienë ◽

Vilija Malinauskienë ◽

Ada Azaravièienë ◽

Renata Kuèienë

Keyword(s):

Birth Weight ◽

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Epidemiological Methods ◽

Normal Birth ◽

Congenital Heart Malformations ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Heart Malformation ◽

Heart Malformations

The objective of this study was to determinate the incidence and diagnostics of congenital heart defects in Kaunas infant population in 1999–2005 and to compare the data obtained with the data of years 1995–1998. Subject and methods. The study population comprised all newborns born in Kaunas city during 1999– 2005. Congenital heart defects were registered based on clinical diagnosis after its verification using the data from consulting centers and pediatric outpatient departments. To assess the incidence of congenital heart malformations in newborn population, we conducted a validated newborn register based on maternal residential district. Modern epidemiological methods were used for data analysis. Results. In 1999–2005, there were 24 069 live births in Kaunas: 2231 newborns were born with congenital anomalies, 198 had congenital heart malformations. The incidence of congenital heart defects was 8.2 per 1000 live newborns. The majority of congenital heart malformations were diagnosed in delivery units (93.94%). We have analyzed the relationship between birth weight and gestational age of newborns with congenital heart malformations. Newborns with low birth weight were at significantly higher risk of congenital heart malformation than newborns with normal birth weight (OR=3.52, 95% CI, 2.25–5.47). Our data also showed that newborns born before 32 weeks of gestation had a 5-fold increased risk of congenital heart malformation (OR=5.20; 95% CI, 2.50–10.84) and infants born before 37 weeks of gestation had a 4-fold increased risk (OR=4.08; 95% CI, 2.68–6.19) compared with newborns born after 37 weeks of gestation. Conclusions. This study shows that incidence of congenital heart anomalies in Kaunas newborn population was 8.2 cases per 1000 live newborns in 1999–2005. It was determined that during 1999–2005, the number of above-mentioned anomalies diagnosed in delivery units increased by 23%.

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Eight-fold increased risk for congenital heart defects in children carrying the nicotinamide N-methyltransferase polymorphism and exposed to medicines and low nicotinamide

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehn170 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 29 (11) ◽

pp. 1424-1431 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

L. M.J.W. van Driel ◽

H. P.M. Smedts ◽

W. A. Helbing ◽

A. Isaacs ◽

J. Lindemans ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Increased Risk

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Increased Risk for Non-Autoimmune Hypothyroidism in Young Patients with Congenital Heart Defects

Yearbook of Endocrinology ◽

10.1016/j.yend.2012.04.035 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 145-146

Author(s):

A. Thiel ◽

M. Schott

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Young Patients ◽

Autoimmune Hypothyroidism ◽

Increased Risk

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Maternal Obesity and the Risk of Congenital Heart Defects: the Mediation Effect of Pregestational Diabetes

10.21203/rs.3.rs-430110/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Xia Wu ◽

Ru-Xiu Ge ◽

Le Huang ◽

Fu-Ying Tian ◽

Yi-Xuan Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factor ◽

Congenital Heart Defects ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Maternal Obesity ◽

Heart Defects ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Mediation Effect ◽

Pregestational Diabetes ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are the most common birth defects worldwide. Maternal obesity has been proposed as a risk factor for CHDs, but the results are controversial and inconclusive. Pregestational diabetes (PGDM) is well known as a risk factor for CHDs and is closely related to obesity. However, the effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs has not been investigated.Objectives We aimed to explore the association between maternal obesity and CHDs and to further evaluate the mediation effect of PGDM on this association.Methods We involved 53708 mother-infant pairs with deliveries between 2017 and 2019 from the Birth Cohort in Shenzhen (BiCoS). Mothers were categorized into four groups: the underweight group (BMI < 18.5), normal weight group (18.5 ≤ BMI < 24), overweight group (24 ≤ BMI < 28) and obesity group (BMI ≥ 28). To evaluate the association between BMI and CHDs, we fit multivariable logistic regression models, adjusting for maternal age, maternal education level, mode of conception, parity, GDM and offspring sex. Mediation analysis was used to confirm the mediation effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs.Results The proportion of obese individuals in the BiCoS was 2.11%. Overall, 372 (0.69%) infants were diagnosed with CHDs. The prevalence of CHDs in underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese individuals was 0.64%, 0.68%, 0.72% and 1.24%, respectively. Maternal obesity was associated with an increased risk of CHDs (OR=1.97, 95% CI 1.14–3.41). The offspring of women with PGDM were 6.88 times (95% CI 4.11–11.53) more likely to have CHDs than the offspring of mothers without PGDM. The mediation effect of PGDM on the association between maternal obesity and CHDs was significant (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.06–1.32). The estimated mediation proportion was 24.83%.Conclusion Our findings suggested that maternal obesity was associated with CHDs and that PGDM partially mediated the association between maternal obesity and CHDs.

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