INDICATORS OF ORGAN DEFICIENCY DEVELOPMENT IN ACUTE PANCREATITIS

Today, acute pancreatitis remains one of the three leading reasons for hospitalization of patients in emergency departments. Despite the fact that the material and technical base of medical institutions is improving every year, it is not always possible to timely and adequately assess the severity of the condition of patients with acute pancreatitis. Underestimation of the severity of the condition can end up sadly for the patient, therefore, patients with severe acute pancreatitis should be identified in the early stages of the disease. To predict the severe course of acute pancreatitis in the early stages of the disease, it is necessary to take into account such risk factors as age, concomitant diseases, body mass index, as well as clinical and laboratory markers of severity: hematocrit, neutrophil-lymphocyte coefficient, distribution of erythrocytes by volume, glucose, urea and data from integral scales. Markers such as respiratory failure and oliguria diagnosed upon admission, as well as the level of lactate dehydrogenase, bicarbonates and acid-base balance of the blood, can also be considered prognostically significant markers of severe course. Early identification of patients with an increased risk of complications and their timely adequate therapy can improve treatment outcomes and reduce mortality rates.

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Iron and the endurance athlete

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0147 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (9) ◽

pp. 1012-1018 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Pamela S. Hinton

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Iron Status ◽

Endurance Athletes ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Iron Sequestration ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Base Balance ◽

Inadequate Dietary Intake

Iron is a trace mineral that is highly significant to endurance athletes. Iron is critical to optimal athletic performance because of its role in energy metabolism, oxygen transport, and acid-base balance. Endurance athletes are at increased risk for suboptimal iron status, with potential negative consequences on performance, because of the combination of increased iron needs and inadequate dietary intake. This review paper summarizes the role of iron in maximal and submaximal exercise and describes the effects of iron deficiency on exercise performance. Mechanisms that explain the increased risk of iron deficiency in endurance athletes, including exercise-associated inflammation and hepcidin release on iron sequestration, are described. Information on screening athletes for iron deficiency is presented, and suggestions to increase iron intake through diet modification or supplemental iron are provided.

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Acid-Base Balance Changes and Erythropoietin Production in the Early Stages of Hypoxia or after CoCl2 Treatment in the Rabbit

Acta Haematologica ◽

10.1159/000207533 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 62 (1) ◽

pp. 32-40

Author(s):

Vittoria Ambrosini ◽

Giovanni B. Principato ◽

Elvio Giovannini ◽

Gigliola Grassi ◽

Piero Toraldo

Keyword(s):

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Early Stages ◽

Erythropoietin Production ◽

Base Balance

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Phenome-wide association of 1809 phenotypes and COVID-19 disease progression in the Veterans Health Administration Million Veteran Program

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0251651 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. e0251651

Author(s):

Rebecca J. Song ◽

Yuk-Lam Ho ◽

Petra Schubert ◽

Yojin Park ◽

Daniel Posner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Disease Progression ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Older Age ◽

Health Administration ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Acid Base ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Base Balance ◽

Balance Disorder

Background The risk factors associated with the stages of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) disease progression are not well known. We aim to identify risk factors specific to each state of COVID-19 progression from SARS-CoV-2 infection through death. Methods and results We included 648,202 participants from the Veteran Affairs Million Veteran Program (2011-). We identified characteristics and 1,809 ICD code-based phenotypes from the electronic health record. We used logistic regression to examine the association of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), race, and prevalent phenotypes to the stages of COVID-19 disease progression: infection, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, and 30-day mortality (separate models for each). Models were adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, number of visit months and ICD codes, state infection rate and controlled for multiple testing using false discovery rate (≤0.1). As of August 10, 2020, 5,929 individuals were SARS-CoV-2 positive and among those, 1,463 (25%) were hospitalized, 579 (10%) were in ICU, and 398 (7%) died. We observed a lower risk in women vs. men for ICU and mortality (Odds Ratio (95% CI): 0.48 (0.30–0.76) and 0.59 (0.31–1.15), respectively) and a higher risk in Black vs. Other race patients for hospitalization and ICU (OR (95%CI): 1.53 (1.32–1.77) and 1.63 (1.32–2.02), respectively). We observed an increased risk of all COVID-19 disease states with older age and BMI ≥35 vs. 20–24 kg/m2. Renal failure, respiratory failure, morbid obesity, acid-base balance disorder, white blood cell diseases, hydronephrosis and bacterial infections were associated with an increased risk of ICU admissions; sepsis, chronic skin ulcers, acid-base balance disorder and acidosis were associated with mortality. Conclusions Older age, higher BMI, males and patients with a history of respiratory, kidney, bacterial or metabolic comorbidities experienced greater COVID-19 severity. Future studies to investigate the underlying mechanisms associated with these phenotype clusters and COVID-19 are warranted.

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Higher Dietary Acidity is Associated with Lower Bone Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Iranian Women, Independent of Dietary Calcium Intake

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000207 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 84 (3-4) ◽

pp. 0206-0217 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Seyedeh-Elaheh Shariati-Bafghi ◽

Elaheh Nosrat-Mirshekarlou ◽

Mohsen Karamati ◽

Bahram Rashidkhani

Keyword(s):

Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Calcium ◽

Dietary Calcium Intake ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Iranian Women ◽

Acid Base Balance ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Acid Base ◽

Base Balance ◽

Dietary Acid

Findings of studies on the link between dietary acid-base balance and bone mass are relatively mixed. We examined the association between dietary acid-base balance and bone mineral density (BMD) in a sample of Iranian women, hypothesizing that a higher dietary acidity would be inversely associated with BMD, even when dietary calcium intake is adequate. In this cross-sectional study, lumbar spine and femoral neck BMDs of 151 postmenopausal women aged 50 - 85 years were measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Renal net acid excretion (RNAE), an estimate of acid-base balance, was then calculated indirectly from the diet using the formulae of Remer (based on dietary intakes of protein, phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium; RNAERemer) and Frassetto (based on dietary intakes of protein and potassium; RNAEFrassetto), and was energy adjusted by the residual method. After adjusting for potential confounders, multivariable adjusted means of the lumbar spine BMD of women in the highest tertiles of RNAERemer and RNAEFrassetto were significantly lower than those in the lowest tertiles (for RNAERemer: mean difference -0.084 g/cm2; P=0.007 and for RNAEFrassetto: mean difference - 0.088 g/cm2; P=0.004). Similar results were observed in a subgroup analysis of subjects with dietary calcium intake of >800 mg/day. In conclusion, a higher RNAE (i. e. more dietary acidity), which is associated with greater intake of acid-generating foods and lower intake of alkali-generating foods, may be involved in deteriorating the bone health of postmenopausal Iranian women, even in the context of adequate dietary calcium intake.

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