scholarly journals Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Anxiety Disorders, Mood Disorders, or Substance Use Disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Sheng Chao ◽  
Jennifer Horton
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Motivational Enhancement Therapy ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Two systematic reviews, 3 randomized controlled trials, and 2 single-arm safety trials were identified that evaluated several combinations of psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy. Psilocybin was the psychedelic most tested. Other psychedelics identified in the systematic reviews and primary studies were 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (or MDMA), lysergic acid diethylamide (or LSD), ayahuasca (also named N,N-dimethyltryptamine [or DMT]), ibogaine, ketamine, and nitrous oxide. Manualized therapy (not defined) and non-directive support (not defined) were the psychotherapies most studied in the relevant primary studies in the 2 systematic reviews. Other psychotherapies identified included integrative psychotherapy, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), CBT and motivational enhancement therapy, psychosocial interventions, non-directive support, group talk therapy, and guided support. Clinical effectiveness lasting weeks to months was observed in 1 systematic review that reviewed primary studies examining various combinations of psychedelics and psychotherapy in patients with various mental health conditions. Significant improvement in symptom scores related to mental illnesses and no serious and long-term adverse events were reported in the other systematic review. Various combinations of psychedelics and psychotherapies were evaluated in 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 2 safety studies. Ketamine-assisted psychotherapies were associated with improvements in the symptoms related to substance use disorder in 2 RCTs. Psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy was reported to be efficacious in treating MDD in 1 RCT. No serious adverse effects were reported in the RCTs or in 2 safety trials using MDMA-assisted psychotherapy. There were several limitations to the included studies, including small sample sizes (less than 20 in the majority of primary studies), relatively short follow-ups (1 week to 3 years; less than or equal to 1 year in 27 out of 31 relevant publications), differences in psychotherapy classification between systematic reviews, considerable heterogeneity between studies, and unclear generalizability and availability of the interventions in Canadian contexts. Therefore, findings should be interpreted with caution. No relevant guidelines were identified.

scholarly journals Trigger Point Injections for Chronic Non-Malignant Musculoskeletal Pain: A Systematic Review

Pain Medicine ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ann Scott ◽  
Bing Guo ◽  
Pamela M. Barton ◽  
Robert D. Gerwin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Published Evidence

ABSTRACT Objective. This systematic review assessed the available published evidence on the efficacy and safety of using trigger point injection (TPI) to treat patients with chronic non-malignant musculoskeletal pain that had persisted for at least 3 months. Methods. All published systematic reviews or randomized controlled trials detailing the use of TPI in patients with chronic, non-malignant musculoskeletal pain (persisting for >3 months) were identified by systematically searching literature databases and the Websites of various health technology assessment agencies, research registers, and guidelines sites up to July 2006. Results. Although no systematic reviews were identified, 15 peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. However, deficiencies in reporting, small sample sizes, and marked inter-study heterogeneity precluded a definitive synthesis of the data. TPI is a safe procedure when used by clinicians with appropriate expertise and training. It relieved symptoms when used as a sole treatment for patients with chronic head, neck, shoulder, and back pain or whiplash syndrome, regardless of the injectant used, and may be a useful adjunct to intra-articular injection in the treatment of osteoarthritis pain. Although the addition of TPI to stretching exercises augments treatment outcomes, this was also true of other therapies such as ultrasound and laser. Conclusion. The efficacy of TPI is no more certain than it was a decade ago as, overall, there is no clear evidence of either benefit or ineffectiveness. The only advantage of injecting anesthetic into trigger points may be to reduce the pain of the needling process, which may not be an insignificant benefit.

scholarly journals The impact of interventions for youth experiencing homelessness on housing, mental health, substance use, and family cohesion: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Zhuo Wang ◽  
Sebastian Mott ◽  
Olivia Magwood ◽  
Christine Mathew ◽  
Andrew Mclellan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Behavioural Therapy ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Housing Stability ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Family Based

Abstract Background Youth often experience unique pathways into homelessness, such as family conflict, child abuse and neglect. Most research has focused on adult homeless populations, yet youth have specific needs that require adapted interventions. This review aims to synthesize evidence on interventions for youth and assess their impacts on health, social, and equity outcomes. Methods We systematically searched Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and other databases from inception until February 9, 2018 for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials on youth interventions conducted in high income countries. We screened title and abstract and full text for inclusion, and data extraction were completed in duplicate, following the PRISMA-E (equity) review approach. Results Our search identified 11,936 records. Four systematic reviews and 18 articles on randomized controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. Many studies reported on interventions including individual and family therapies, skill-building, case management, and structural interventions. Cognitive behavioural therapy led to improvements in depression and substance use, and studies of three family-based therapies reported decreases in substance use. Housing first, a structural intervention, led to improvements in housing stability. Many interventions showed inconsistent results compared to services as usual or other interventions, but often led to improvements over time in both the intervention and comparison group. The equity analysis showed that equity variables were inconsistently measured, but there was data to suggest differential outcomes based upon gender and ethnicity. Conclusions This review identified a variety of interventions for youth experiencing homelessness. Promising interventions include cognitive behavioural therapy for addressing depression, family-based therapy for substance use outcomes, and housing programs for housing stability. Youth pathways are often unique and thus prevention and treatment may benefit from a tailored and flexible approach.

Group treatment for substance use disorder in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 104-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Lo Coco ◽  
Francesco Melchiori ◽  
Veronica Oieni ◽  
Maria Rita Infurna ◽  
Bernhard Strauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Substance Use Disorder ◽  
Group Treatment ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

scholarly journals The Efficacy of Multimodal Prehabilitation in Elderly Patients Undergoing Elective Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Xiang Tan ◽  
Miny Samuel ◽  
Ning Qi Pang
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Major Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Introduction Multimodal prehabilitation has been touted as a potential strategy to better prepare our elderly and frail patients for major surgery. While randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews have been done to investigate the effect of prehabilitation on various surgical cohorts, most of these studies have focused on single modality prehabilitation and without an emphasis on the elderly. This systematic review aims to assess the effect of a multimodal prehabilitation program on elderly patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. MethodsThis protocol has been written according to the PRISMA-P statement and is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO registration number 250281). MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL and PsychINFO databases will be searched. Only randomized controlled trials with an average study population age ≥65 that has undergone major abdominal operation with at least two components (physical, nutritional, psychological) of prehabilitation will be included. Clinical outcomes that will be collected include post-operative morbidity and mortality, length of stay, 30-day readmission and peri-operative 6-minute walking distance. The risk of bias in included studies will be assessed. Data will be pooled where possible. DiscussionThis systematic review will evaluate and establish the effectiveness of multimodal prehabilitation for the elderly, who represents the group of patients most likely to benefit from prehabilitation. This review with its focus on the elderly will provide us with fresh insight into the utility of prehabilitation that will better inform policy makers in its implementation.PROSPERO Registration: On 20/04/2021, ID 250281

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