scholarly journals Genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex and its effect on production and immune traits in indigenous chicken breeds of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Santosh Haunshi ◽  
Divya Devara ◽  
Kannaki Ramasamy ◽  
Rajkumar Ullengala ◽  
Rudra Nath Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Immune Traits ◽  
Mhc Alleles

Abstract. The genetic diversity at major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in indigenous chicken breeds of India (Ghagus and Nicobari) in comparison with the White Leghorn (WLH) breed was investigated by genotyping the MHC-linked LEI0258 marker. Altogether 38 alleles and 96 genotypes were observed among three breeds. The observed and effective alleles were highest in Ghagus (23, 8.3) followed by Nicobari (14, 3.2) and WLH (10 and 2.2) breeds. The size of alleles ranged from 193 to 489 bp in Ghagus, 193 to 552 bp in Nicobari and 241 to 565 bp in the WLH breed. The number of private alleles was also highest in Ghagus (18) followed by Nicobari (8) and WLH (5) breeds. The most frequent allele was 261 bp in WLH (66 %), 343 bp in Nicobari (50.4 %) and 309 bp in the Ghagus (28.15 %) breed. Observed and expected heterozygosities were highest in Ghagus (0.83, 0.88) followed by Nicobari (0.58, 0.68) and WLH (0.53, 0.54). The genetic distance (Nei) between Ghagus and Nicobari breeds (2.24) was higher as compared to that of Ghagus and WLH (1.23) and that between Nicobari and WLH breeds (0.89). Association analysis revealed significant influence of MHC alleles on body weight, egg production in Ghagus and WLH breeds and antibody titres to Newcastle disease vaccine in the Nicobari breed.

Molecular typing of the major histocompatibility complex B microsatellite haplotypes in Cameroon chicken

2015 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 47-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.A. Hako Touko ◽  
C.T. Keambou ◽  
J.-M. Han ◽  
C. Bembidé ◽  
Robert A. Skilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Disease Resistance ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex

SummaryThe chicken major histocompatibility complex B (MHC-B) – a cluster of genes associated with natural disease resistance or susceptibility – has been investigated in experimental and inbred lines by serological typing. However, that method showed some weaknesses for its use on out breeds. This study aims to explore the genetic diversity of the MHC-B of Cameroon indigenous chicken through molecular typing with LEI0258 and MCW0371 microsatellite markers. MHC-B haplotypes of 290 chickens from four agro-ecological zones were identified and compared with published haplotypes. Alleles were analysed for genetic diversity and relationship among Cameroon chicken populations. Hypothetically new LEI0258 alleles and haplotypes were detected. Overall, polymorphism parameters were relatively high in the Cameroon western highlands. The analysis of molecular variance revealed great variability (80.00 percent) between individuals than among and within ecotypes. The inbreeding coefficients of overall populations (FIT), among population (FST) and within population (FIS) were 0.26, 0.04 and 0.22, respectively, and all were highly significant (P< 0.001). A UPGMA tree based on Nei'sDAgenetic distances showed a clear distinction between Cameroon and out-groups and a structuring of within-country populations into three clusters. There is a great genetic diversity of the MHC-B in Cameroon native chicken and also a need of sequencing of the identified alleles for an accurate identification prior to their assessment for natural disease resistance and responsiveness to vaccination.

Genetic diversity at the Major Histocompatibility Complex class II DZB gene, and geographical distribution of alleles, in platypuses in a Tasmanian river catchment.

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
J.W. Macgregor ◽  
C. Holyoake ◽  
S. Munks ◽  
J.H. Connolly ◽  
I.D. Robertson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Mhc Class Ii ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Island Populations ◽  
Low Genetic Diversity ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
River Catchments

Genetic diversity at loci concerned with fitness is an important part of the ability of a wild population to adapt to changes in its environment, including climatic events, disease and pollution. Research into the effects of genetic diversity on the impacts of disease on wildlife populations has focussed on genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This study investigated the genetic diversity at the MHC class II DZB gene, as well as the distribution of alleles of the same gene, for platypuses Ornithorhynchus anatinus in the Seabrook Creek Catchment in northwest Tasmania. This study detected 10 previously identified alleles and two previously unreported alleles at the MHC Class II DZB locus in 18 platypuses from the Seabrook Creek Catchment. An additional sequence isolated from two individuals was consistent with a pseudogene. Alleles were reasonably well distributed geographically through the catchment, but there was evidence of a degree of isolation at one site. Consistent with evidence that smaller wildlife populations have relatively low genetic diversity, and that there is relatively slow gene flow between river catchments, the observed genetic diversity at the MHC Class II locus was lower than those in larger previously studied river catchments but higher than those in two island populations. Consequently, this population of platypuses may have a limited capacity to respond to new infectious challenges, such as the fungal disease mucormycosis.

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