scholarly journals Laboratory measurements of emission factors of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from burning of Chinese crop residues

2015 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 5237-5252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Inomata ◽  
Hiroshi Tanimoto ◽  
Xiaole Pan ◽  
Fumikazu Taketani ◽  
Yuichi Komazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 4945-4956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS), which can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow for the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

Emission Factors of Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds from Environmental Bacteria and Fungi

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (15) ◽  
pp. 8272-8282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawel K. Misztal ◽  
Despoina S. Lymperopoulou ◽  
Rachel I. Adams ◽  
Russell A. Scott ◽  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Microbial Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Environmental Bacteria ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi

scholarly journals Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs): chemical compositions and separation of sources

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Yuan ◽  
Matthew M. Coggon ◽  
Abigail R. Koss ◽  
Carsten Warneke ◽  
Scott Eilerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Mobile Laboratory ◽  
Laboratory Measurements ◽  
Animal Feeding Operations ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Animal Feeding ◽  
Sulfur Containing

Abstract. Concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) emit a large number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. In this study, we conducted mobile laboratory measurements of VOCs, methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3) downwind of dairy cattle, beef cattle, sheep and chicken CAFO facilities in northeastern Colorado using a hydronium ion time-of-flight chemical-ionization mass spectrometer (H3O+ ToF-CIMS) that can detect numerous VOCs. Regional measurements of CAFO emissions in northeastern Colorado were also performed using the NOAA WP-3D aircraft during the Shale Oil and Natural Gas Nexus (SONGNEX) campaign. Alcohols and carboxylic acids dominate VOC concentrations and the reactivity of the VOCs with hydroxyl (OH) radicals. Sulfur-containing and phenolic species provide the largest contributions to in the odor activity values and the nitrate radical (NO3) reactivity of VOC emissions, respectively. VOC compositions determined from mobile laboratory and aircraft measurements generally agree well with each other. The high time-resolution mobile measurements allow the separation of the sources of VOCs from different parts of the operations occurring within the facilities. We show that the emissions of ethanol concentrations are primarily associated with feed storage and handling. Based on mobile laboratory measurements, we apply a multivariate regression analysis using NH3 and ethanol as tracers to determine the relative importance of animal-related emissions (animal exhalation and waste) and feed-related emissions (feed storage and handling) for different VOC species. Feed storage and handling contribute significantly to emissions of alcohols, carbonyls, carboxylic acids and sulfur-containing species. Emissions of phenolic species and nitrogen-containing species are predominantly associated with animals and their waste.

scholarly journals Non-methane volatile organic compounds emitted from domestic fuels in Delhi: Emission factors and total city-wide emissions

2021 ◽  
pp. 100127
Author(s):  
Arnab Mondal ◽  
Ummed Singh Saharan ◽  
Rahul Arya ◽  
Lokesh Yadav ◽  
Sakshi Ahlawat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Volatile Organic

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. 29 different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across New Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GD-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC×GC-ToF-MS). 94 % quantification was achieved on average across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were: fuel wood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquified petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid fuel combustion in India.

scholarly journals Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2407-2426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
Naomi J. Farren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Particle Phase ◽  
Volatile Organic

Abstract. Biomass burning emits significant quantities of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds (I/SVOCs) in a complex mixture, probably containing many thousands of chemical species. These components are significantly more toxic and have poorly understood chemistry compared to volatile organic compounds routinely quantified in ambient air; however, analysis of I/SVOCs presents a difficult analytical challenge. The gases and particles emitted during the test combustion of a range of domestic solid fuels collected from across Delhi were sampled and analysed. Organic aerosol was collected onto Teflon (PTFE) filters, and residual low-volatility gases were adsorbed to the surface of solid-phase extraction (SPE) discs. A new method relying on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC–ToF-MS) was developed. This highly sensitive and powerful analytical technique enabled over 3000 peaks from I/SVOC species with unique mass spectra to be detected. A total of 15 %–100 % of gas-phase emissions and 7 %–100 % of particle-phase emissions were characterised. The method was analysed for suitability to make quantitative measurements of I/SVOCs using SPE discs. Analysis of SPE discs indicated phenolic and furanic compounds were important for gas-phase I/SVOC emissions and levoglucosan to the aerosol phase. Gas- and particle-phase emission factors for 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were derived, including 16 compounds listed by the US EPA as priority pollutants. Gas-phase emissions were dominated by smaller PAHs. The new emission factors were measured (mg kg−1) for PAHs from combustion of cow dung cake (615), municipal solid waste (1022), crop residue (747), sawdust (1236), fuelwood (247), charcoal (151) and liquefied petroleum gas (56). The results of this study indicate that cow dung cake and municipal solid waste burning are likely to be significant PAH sources, and further study is required to quantify their impact alongside emissions from fuelwood burning.

scholarly journals Emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds from combustion of domestic fuels in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 2383-2406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth J. Stewart ◽  
W. Joe F. Acton ◽  
Beth S. Nelson ◽  
Adam R. Vaughan ◽  
James R. Hopkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Tof Ms

Abstract. Twenty-nine different fuel types used in residential dwellings in northern India were collected from across Delhi (76 samples in total). Emission factors of a wide range of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) (192 compounds in total) were measured during controlled burning experiments using dual-channel gas chromatography with flame ionisation detection (DC-GC-FID), two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC-FID), proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS) and solid-phase extraction two-dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SPE-GC × GC–ToF-MS). On average, 94 % speciation of total measured NMVOC emissions was achieved across all fuel types. The largest contributors to emissions from most fuel types were small non-aromatic oxygenated species, phenolics and furanics. The emission factors (in g kg−1) for total gas-phase NMVOCs were fuelwood (18.7, 4.3–96.7), cow dung cake (62.0, 35.3–83.0), crop residue (37.9, 8.9–73.8), charcoal (5.4, 2.4–7.9), sawdust (72.4, 28.6–115.5), municipal solid waste (87.3, 56.6–119.1) and liquefied petroleum gas (5.7, 1.9–9.8). The emission factors measured in this study allow for better characterisation, evaluation and understanding of the air quality impacts of residential solid-fuel combustion in India.

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