Referee's comments on Ozone pollution around a coastal region of South China Sea

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anonymous
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
China Sea

scholarly journals Ozone pollution around a coastal region of South China Sea: Interaction between marine and continental air

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiaopu Lyu ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Shichun Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Coastal Cities

Abstract. Marine atmosphere is usually considered to be a clean environment, while this study indicates that the near-coast waters of South China Sea (SCS) suffered from even worse air quality than coastal cities. The analyses were based on concurrent field measurements of target air pollutants and meteorological parameters conducted at a suburban site (TC) and a nearby marine site (WS) from August to November 2013. The observations showed that the levels of primary air pollutants were significantly lower at WS than those at TC, while ozone (O3) value was greater at WS. Higher O3 levels at WS were attributed to the weaker NO titration and higher O3 production rate because of stronger oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. However, O3 episodes were concurrently observed at both sites under certain meteorological conditions, such as tropical cyclones, continental anticyclones and sea-land breezes (SLBs). Driven by these synoptic systems and mesoscale recirculations, the interaction between continental and marine air masses had profoundly changed the atmospheric composition and subsequently influenced the formation and redistribution of O3 in the coastal areas. When continental air intruded into marine atmosphere, the O3 pollution was magnified over SCS, and the elevated O3 (> 100 ppbv) could overspread the sea boundary layer ~ 8 times the area of Hong Kong. In some cases, the exaggerated O3 pollution over the SCS was re-circulated to the coastal inshore by sea breeze, leading to even aggravating O3 pollution in coastal cities. The findings are applicable to similar mesoscale environments around the world where the maritime atmosphere is potentially influenced by severe continental air pollution.

scholarly journals Ozone pollution around a coastal region of South China Sea: interaction between marine and continental air

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 4277-4295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wang ◽  
Xiaopu Lyu ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Shichun Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Marine Atmosphere ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Coastal Cities

Abstract. Marine atmosphere is usually considered to be a clean environment, but this study indicates that the near-coast waters of the South China Sea (SCS) suffer from even worse air quality than coastal cities. The analyses were based on concurrent field measurements of target air pollutants and meteorological parameters conducted at a suburban site (Tung Chung, TC) and a nearby marine site (Wan Shan, WS) from August to November 2013. The observations showed that the levels of primary air pollutants were significantly lower at WS than those at TC, while the ozone (O3) value was greater at WS. Higher O3 levels at WS were attributed to the weaker NO titration and higher O3 production rate because of stronger oxidative capacity of the atmosphere. However, O3 episodes were concurrently observed at both sites under certain meteorological conditions, such as tropical cyclones, continental anticyclones and sea–land breezes (SLBs). Driven by these synoptic systems and mesoscale recirculations, the interaction between continental and marine air masses profoundly changed the atmospheric composition and subsequently influenced the formation and redistribution of O3 in the coastal areas. When continental air intruded into marine atmosphere, the O3 pollution was magnified over the SCS, and the elevated O3 ( >  100 ppbv) could overspread the sea boundary layer  ∼  8 times the area of Hong Kong. In some cases, the exaggerated O3 pollution over the SCS was recirculated to the coastal inshore by sea breeze, leading to aggravated O3 pollution in coastal cities. The findings are applicable to similar mesoscale environments around the world where the maritime atmosphere is potentially influenced by severe continental air pollution.

Occurrence and distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the seawater and sediment of the South China sea coastal region

Chemosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 231 ◽  
pp. 468-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Wang ◽  
Mirabelle M.P. Tsui ◽  
Yuefei Ruan ◽  
Huiju Lin ◽  
Zhen Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
China Sea ◽  
Polyfluoroalkyl Substances

scholarly journals Role of wind, mesoscale dynamics and coastal circulation in the interannual variability of South Vietnam Upwelling, South China Sea. Answers from a high resolution ocean model

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thai To Duy ◽  
Marine Herrmann ◽  
Claude Estournel ◽  
Patrick Marsaleix ◽  
Thomas Duhaut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South China Sea ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
South China ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
The South ◽  
Offshore Area ◽  
China Sea ◽  
South Vietnam

Abstract. The South Vietnam Upwelling (SVU) develops in the South China Sea off the Vietnamese coast under the influence of southwest monsoon winds. A very high resolution configuration (1 km at the coast) of the SYMPHONIE model was developed over the western coastal region of the South China Sea. A simulation was performed over the period 2009–2018 to study the functioning, variability and influence of oceanic circulation and hydrology in the coastal region, in particular of the SVU. The realism of the simulation in terms of representation of ocean dynamics and water masses, from daily to interannual and coastal to regional scales, is assessed here in detail by comparison with available satellite data and 4 sets of in-situ observations. The interannual variability of the SVU is examined for its 4 main development areas: the southern (SCU) and northern (NCU) coasts, the offshore area (OFU), and the Sunda Shelf area off the Mekong Delta (MKU). For the SCU and OFU, our results confirm the driving role of the summer mean wind and the summer circulation over the offshore area in the interannual variability of the upwelling intensity. They moreover reveal the impact of the spatial and temporal organization of mesoscale ocean structures and high frequency atmospheric forcing. For the NCU, the upwelling interannual variability does not seem to be related to regional scale forcing and dynamics, but is mainly determined by coastal mesoscale structures and circulation: similar summer wind conditions can be associated with very contrasting NCU intensities, and vice versa, depending on the circulation in the NCU area. Finally, our study reveals that upwelling also develops off the Mekong Delta, with an interannual variability mostly determined by the summer wind and the wind-driven circulation over the SVU region.

scholarly journals Unusual Warming in the Coastal Region of Northern South China Sea and Its Impact on the Sudden Intensification of Tropical Cyclone Tembin (2012)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe-Wen Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Cyclone ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
South China ◽  
Northern South China Sea ◽  
Lower Boundary ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Wave Radiation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Lower Boundary Condition ◽  
China Sea

Tropical cyclone Tembin (2012) passed twice and made landfall over south tip of Taiwan in August 2012. During its passage, an unusual sea surface warming was generated at22.5∘N,117∘Ein the coastal region of northern South China Sea. Subsequently, Tembin passed over this extreme warming region and its intensity was enhanced drastically and suddenly from Category 1 to Category 3 within less than 1-day time interval. This unusual warming seems to largely prompt the intensification of Tembin. Next, the relationship between this extreme warming and rapid intensification of Tembin is identified by atmospheric model Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) with updated time-varying lower boundary condition. In addition, given the tight relationship between generation of unusual warming in the shore region and following possible TC intensification, a series of numerical experiments based on oceanic model Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) were designed and executed to resolve the possible generated mechanism of the extreme warming. The results indicate that a distinct positive short-wave radiation influx anomaly may dominate the generation of the unusual warming in the shore region during Tembin’s passage. This result is validated by the distributions of free cloudy coverage shown in satellite infrared images.

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