scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Mineralogy and mixing state of North African mineral dust by on-line single-particle mass spectrometry"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Marsden ◽  
Romy Ullrich ◽  
Ottmar Möhler ◽  
Stine Eriksen Hammer ◽  
Konrad Kandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
North African ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line ◽  
Supplementary Material

Mixing state of ambient aerosols in Nanjing city by single particle mass spectrometry

2016 ◽  
Vol 132 ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Honglei Wang ◽  
Junlin An ◽  
Lijuan Shen ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Li Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Ambient Aerosols ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Nanjing City

scholarly journals A new method to quantify mineral dust and other aerosol species from aircraft platforms using single-particle mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 6209-6239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl D. Froyd ◽  
Daniel M. Murphy ◽  
Charles A. Brock ◽  
Pedro Campuzano-Jost ◽  
Jack E. Dibb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Atmospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Sea Salt ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Mass Concentrations

Abstract. Single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) instruments characterize the composition of individual aerosol particles in real time. Their fundamental ability to differentiate the externally mixed particle types that constitute the atmospheric aerosol population enables a unique perspective into sources and transformation. However, quantitative measurements by SPMS systems are inherently problematic. We introduce a new technique that combines collocated measurements of aerosol composition by SPMS and size-resolved absolute particle concentrations on aircraft platforms. Quantitative number, surface area, volume, and mass concentrations are derived for climate-relevant particle types such as mineral dust, sea salt, and biomass burning smoke. Additionally, relative ion signals are calibrated to derive mass concentrations of internally mixed sulfate and organic material that are distributed across multiple particle types. The NOAA Particle Analysis by Laser Mass Spectrometry (PALMS) instrument measures size-resolved aerosol chemical composition from aircraft. We describe the identification and quantification of nine major atmospheric particle classes, including sulfate–organic–nitrate mixtures, biomass burning, elemental carbon, sea salt, mineral dust, meteoric material, alkali salts, heavy fuel oil combustion, and a remainder class. Classes can be sub-divided as necessary based on chemical heterogeneity, accumulated secondary material during aging, or other atmospheric processing. Concentrations are derived for sizes that encompass the accumulation and coarse size modes. A statistical error analysis indicates that particle class concentrations can be determined within a few minutes for abundances above ∼10 ng m−3. Rare particle types require longer sampling times. We explore the instrumentation requirements and the limitations of the method for airborne measurements. Reducing the size resolution of the particle data increases time resolution with only a modest increase in uncertainty. The principal limiting factor to fast time response concentration measurements is statistically relevant sampling across the size range of interest, in particular, sizes D < 0.2 µm for accumulation-mode studies and D > 2 µm for coarse-mode analysis. Performance is compared to other airborne and ground-based composition measurements, and examples of atmospheric mineral dust concentrations are given. The wealth of information afforded by composition-resolved size distributions for all major aerosol types represents a new and powerful tool to characterize atmospheric aerosol properties in a quantitative fashion.

scholarly journals Characterization of core–shell MOF particles by depth profiling experiments using on-line single particle mass spectrometry

The Analyst ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. 1510-1515 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Cahill ◽  
H. Fei ◽  
S. M. Cohen ◽  
K. A. Prather
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Shell Structures ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
On Line

Materials with core–shell structures have distinct properties that lend themselves to a variety of potential applications.

scholarly journals Mineralogy and mixing state of north African mineral dust by online single-particle mass spectrometry

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2259-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A. Marsden ◽  
Romy Ullrich ◽  
Ottmar Möhler ◽  
Stine Eriksen Hammer ◽  
Konrad Kandler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Time Resolution ◽  
Single Particle ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Mixing State ◽  
Transport Pathways ◽  
Single Particle Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Suspended Dust

Abstract. The mineralogy and mixing state of dust particles originating from the African continent influences climate and marine ecosystems in the North Atlantic due to its effect on radiation, cloud properties and biogeochemical cycling. However, these processes are difficult to constrain because of large temporal and spatial variability, and the lack of in situ measurements of dust properties at all stages of the dust cycle. This lack of measurements is in part due to the remoteness of potential source areas (PSAs) and transport pathways but also because of the lack of an efficient method to report the mineralogy and mixing state of single particles with a time resolution comparable to atmospheric processes, which may last a few hours or less. Measurements are equally challenging in laboratory simulations where dust particles need to be isolated and characterised in low numbers whilst conditions are dynamically controlled and monitored in real time. This is particularly important in controlled expansion cloud chambers (CECCs) where ice-nucleating properties of suspended dust samples are studied in cold and mixed phase cloud conditions. In this work, the mineralogy and mixing state of the fine fraction (<2.5 µm) in laboratory-suspended dust from PSAs in north Africa were made using novel techniques with online single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and traditional offline scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A regional difference in mineralogy was detected, with material sourced from Morocco containing a high number fraction of illite-like particles in contrast to Sahelian material which contains potassium- and sodium-depleted clay minerals like kaolinite. Single-particle mixing state had a much greater local variation than mineralogy, particularly with respect to organic–biological content. Applying the same methods to ambient measurement of transported dust in the marine boundary layer at Cabo Verde in the remote North Atlantic enabled the number fractions of illite/smectite clay mineral (ISCM), non-ISCM and calcium-containing particles to be reported at a 1 h time resolution over a 20-day period. Internal mixing of silicate particles with nitrate, chlorine and organic–biological material was also measured and compared to that in the suspended soils. The results show SPMS and SEM techniques are complementary and demonstrate that SPMS can provide a meaningful high-resolution measurement of single-particle mineralogy and mixing state in laboratory and ambient conditions. In most cases, the differences in the mineralogical composition between particles within a soil sample were small. Thus, particles were not composed of discrete mineral phases. In ambient measurements, the ISCM and nitrate content was found to change significantly between distinct dust events, indicating a shift in source and transport pathways which may not be captured in offline composition analysis or remote sensing techniques.

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