scholarly journals Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III and SAGE III during the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL campaign in the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2151-2163 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfred ◽  
M. Fromm ◽  
R. Bevilacqua ◽  
G. Nedoluha ◽  
A. Strawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Northern Hemisphere Winter

Abstract. The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment instruments both observed high numbers of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the polar region during the second SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation (SOLVE II) and Validation of INTERnational Satellites and Study of Ozone Loss (VINTERSOL) campaign, conducted during the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter. Between 15 November 2002 (14 November 2002) and 18 March 2003 (21 March 2003) SAGE (POAM) observed 122 (151) aerosol extinction profiles containing PSCs. PSCs were observed on an almost daily basis, from early December through 15 January, in both instruments. No PSCs were observed from either instrument from 15 January until 4 February, and from then only sparingly in three periods in mid- and late February and mid-March. In early December, PSCs were observed in the potential temperature range from roughly 375 K to 750 K. Throughout December the top of this range decreases to near 600 K. In February and March, PSC observations were primarily constrained to potential temperatures below 500 K. The PSC observation frequency as a function of ambient temperature relative to the nitric acid-trihydrate saturation point (using a nitric acid profile prior to denitrification) was used to infer irreversible denitrification. By late December 38% denitrification was inferred at both the 400–475 K and 475–550 K potential temperature ranges. By early January extensive levels of denitrification near 80% were inferred at both potential temperature ranges, and the air remained denitrified at least through early March.

scholarly journals Observations and analysis of polar stratospheric clouds detected by POAM III and SAGE III during the SOLVE II/VINTERSOL campaign in the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 11391-11426 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Alfred ◽  
M. Fromm ◽  
R. Bevilacqua ◽  
G. Nedoluha ◽  
A. Strawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Validation Experiment ◽  
Temperature Ranges ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Northern Hemisphere Winter

Abstract. The Polar Ozone and Aerosol Measurement and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment instruments both observed high numbers of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) in the polar region during the second SAGE Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE II) and Validation of INTERnational Satellites and Study of Ozone Loss (VINTERSOL) campaign, conducted during the 2002/2003 Northern Hemisphere winter. Between 15 November 2002 (14 November 2002) and 18 March 2003 (21 March 2003) SAGE (POAM) observed 122 (151) aerosol extinction profiles containing PSCs. PSCs were observed on an almost daily basis, from early December through 15 January, in both instruments. No PSCs were observed from either instrument until 4 February, and sparingly in three periods in mid-and-late February and mid-March. In early December, PSCs were observed in the potential temperature range from roughly 375 K to 750 K. Throughout December the top of this range decreases to near 600 K. In February and March, PSC observations were primarily constrained to potential temperatures below 500 K. The PSC observation frequency as a function of ambient temperature relative to the NAT saturation point was used to infer irreversible denitrification. By late December 38% denitrification was inferred at both the 400–475 K and 475–550 K potential temperature ranges. By early January extensive levels of denitrification near 80% were inferred at both potential temperature ranges, and the air remained denitrified at least through early March.

scholarly journals A closer look at Arctic ozone loss and polar stratospheric clouds

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 8499-8510 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. P. Harris ◽  
R. Lehmann ◽  
M. Rex ◽  
P. von der Gathen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. The empirical relationship found between column-integrated Arctic ozone loss and the potential volume of polar stratospheric clouds inferred from meteorological analyses is recalculated in a self-consistent manner using the ERA Interim reanalyses. The relationship is found to hold at different altitudes as well as in the column. The use of a PSC formation threshold based on temperature dependent cold aerosol formation makes little difference to the original, empirical relationship. Analysis of the photochemistry leading to the ozone loss shows that activation is limited by the photolysis of nitric acid. This step produces nitrogen dioxide which is converted to chlorine nitrate which in turn reacts with hydrogen chloride on any polar stratospheric clouds to form active chlorine. The rate-limiting step is the photolysis of nitric acid: this occurs at the same rate every year and so the interannual variation in the ozone loss is caused by the extent and persistence of the polar stratospheric clouds. In early spring the ozone loss rate increases as the solar insolation increases the photolysis of the chlorine monoxide dimer in the near ultraviolet. However the length of the ozone loss period is determined by the photolysis of nitric acid which also occurs in the near ultraviolet. As a result of these compensating effects, the amount of the ozone loss is principally limited by the extent of original activation rather than its timing. In addition a number of factors, including the vertical changes in pressure and total inorganic chlorine as well as denitrification and renitrification, offset each other. As a result the extent of original activation is the most important factor influencing ozone loss. These results indicate that relatively simple parameterisations of Arctic ozone loss could be developed for use in coupled chemistry climate models.

Box model studies of ClOxdeactivation and ozone loss during the 1991/92 northern hemisphere winter

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 1415-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Lutman ◽  
R. Toumi ◽  
R. L. Jones ◽  
D. J. Lary ◽  
J. A. Pyle
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Northern Hemisphere Winter

scholarly journals Chemical ozone loss in the Arctic winter 2002/2003 determined with Match

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 2783-2792 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Streibel ◽  
M. Rex ◽  
P. von der Gathen ◽  
R. Lehmann ◽  
N. R. P. Harris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Maximum Loss ◽  
Chemically Induced ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Loss Rates

Abstract. The Match technique was used to determine chemically induced ozone loss inside the stratospheric vortex during the Arctic winter 2002/2003. From end of November 2002, which is the earliest start of a Match campaign ever, until end of March 2003 approximately 800 ozonesondes were launched from 34 stations in the Arctic and mid latitudes. Ozone loss rates were quantified from the beginning of December until mid-March in the vertical region of 400–550 K potential temperature. In accordance with the occurrence of a large area of conditions favourable for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds in December ozone destruction rates varied between 10–15 ppbv/day depending on height. Maximum loss rates around 35 ppbv/day were reached during late January. Afterwards ozone loss rates decreased until mid-March when the final warming of the vortex began. In the period from 2 December 2002 to 16 March 2003 the accumulated ozone loss reduced the partial ozone column of 400–500 K potential temperature by 56±4 DU. This value is in good agreement with that inferred from the empirical relation of ozone loss against the volume of potential polar stratospheric clouds within the northern hemisphere. The sensitivity of the results on recent improvements of the approach has been tested.

scholarly journals A closer look at Arctic ozone loss and polar stratospheric clouds

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 6681-6712 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. P. Harris ◽  
R. Lehmann ◽  
M. Rex ◽  
P. von der Gathen
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Chlorine Nitrate ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
Chlorine Monoxide ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

Abstract. The empirical relationship found between column-integrated Arctic ozone loss and the volume of polar stratospheric clouds inferred from meteorological analyses is updated and examined in more detail. The relationship is found to hold at different altitudes as well as in the column. Analysis of the photochemistry leading to the ozone loss shows that the early winter activation is limited by the photolysis of nitric acid. This step produces nitrogen dioxide which is converted to chlorine nitrate which in turn reacts with hydrogen chloride on any polar stratospheric clouds to form active chlorine. The rate-limiting step is the photolysis of nitric acid: this occurs at the same rate every year and so the interannual variation in the ozone loss is caused by the extent and persistence of the polar stratospheric clouds. In early spring the ozone loss rate increases as the solar insolation increases the photolysis of the chlorine monoxide dimer. However the length of the ozone loss period is determined by the photolysis of nitric acid which also occurs in the near ultraviolet. As a result of these compensating effects, the amount of the ozone loss is principally limited by the extent of original activation rather than its timing. In addition a number of factors, including the vertical changes in pressure and total inorganic chlorine as well as denitrification and renitrification, offset each other. As a result the extent of original activation is the most important factor influencing ozone loss. These results indicate that relatively simple parameterisations of Arctic ozone loss could be developed for use in coupled chemistry climate models.

scholarly journals Predictability Changes of Stratospheric Circulations in Northern Hemisphere Winter

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomoko ICHIMARU ◽  
Shunsuke NOGUCHI ◽  
Toshihiko HIROOKA ◽  
Hitoshi MUKOUGAWA
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Hemisphere Winter ◽  
Northern Hemisphere Winter

Record springtime stratospheric ozone depletion at 80°N in 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramina Alwarda ◽  
Kristof Bognar ◽  
Kimberly Strong ◽  
Martyn Chipperfield ◽  
Sandip Dhomse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Optical Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Transport Model ◽  
Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Stratospheric Clouds

<p>The Arctic winter of 2019-2020 was characterized by an unusually persistent polar vortex and temperatures in the lower stratosphere that were consistently below the threshold for the formation of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs). These conditions led to ozone loss that is comparable to the Antarctic ozone hole. Ground-based measurements from a suite of instruments at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in Eureka, Canada (80.05°N, 86.42°W) were used to investigate chemical ozone depletion. The vortex was located above Eureka longer than in any previous year in the 20-year dataset and lidar measurements provided evidence of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) above Eureka. Additionally, UV-visible zenith-sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (DOAS) measurements showed record ozone loss in the 20-year dataset, evidence of denitrification along with the slowest increase of NO<sub>2</sub> during spring, as well as enhanced reactive halogen species (OClO and BrO). Complementary measurements of HCl and ClONO<sub>2</sub> (chlorine reservoir species) from a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer showed unusually low columns that were comparable to 2011, the previous year with significant chemical ozone depletion. Record low values of HNO<sub>3</sub> in the FTIR dataset are in accordance with the evidence of PSCs and a denitrified atmosphere. Estimates of chemical ozone loss were derived using passive ozone from the SLIMCAT offline chemical transport model to account for dynamical contributions to the stratospheric ozone budget.</p>

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