scholarly journals Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean Basin: temporal and spatial variability

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 21523-21564 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lyamani ◽  
A. Valenzuela ◽  
D. Perez-Ramirez ◽  
C. Toledano ◽  
M. J. Granados-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of AERONET aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.95° N, 3.01° W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Additional aerosol data from three nearest AERONET stations and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to investigate the aerosol temporal and spatial variations over this scarcely explored region. Aerosol load over Alborán was significantly larger than that reported for open oceanic areas not affected by long-range transport. High aerosol loads over Alborán were mainly associated with desert dust transport from North Africa and occasional advection of anthropogenic fine particles from Italy. The fine particle load observed over Alborán was surprisingly similar to that obtained over the other three nearest AERONET stations in spite of the large differences in local aerosol sources. The results from MAN acquired over the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean from July to November 2011 revealed a pronounced predominance of fine particles during the cruise period. Alborán was significantly less influenced by anthropogenic particles than the Black Sea and central and eastern Mediterranean regions during the cruise period. Finally, the longer AERONET dataset from Málaga (36.71° N, 4.4° W, 40 m a.s.l.), port city in southern Spain, shows that no significant changes in columnar aerosol loads since the European Directive on ship emissions was implemented in 2010 were observed over this site.

scholarly journals Aerosol properties over the western Mediterranean basin: temporal and spatial variability

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 2473-2486 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Lyamani ◽  
A. Valenzuela ◽  
D. Perez-Ramirez ◽  
C. Toledano ◽  
M. J. Granados-Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Africa ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Central European ◽  
Western Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Palma De Mallorca

Abstract. This study focuses on the analysis of Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol data obtained over Alborán Island (35.90° N, 3.03° W, 15 m a.s.l.) in the western Mediterranean from July 2011 to January 2012. Additional aerosol data from the three nearest AERONET stations (Málaga, Oujda and Palma de Mallorca) and the Maritime Aerosol Network (MAN) were also analyzed in order to investigate the temporal and spatial variations of aerosol over this scarcely explored region. High aerosol loads over Alborán were mainly associated with desert dust transport from North Africa and occasional advection of anthropogenic fine particles from central European urban-industrial areas. The fine particle load observed over Alborán was surprisingly similar to that obtained over the other three nearest AERONET stations, suggesting homogeneous spatial distribution of fine particle loads over the four studied sites in spite of the large differences in local sources. The results from MAN acquired over the Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea and Atlantic Ocean from July to November 2011 revealed a pronounced predominance of fine particles during the cruise period.

scholarly journals Mixing in the Black Sea detected from the temporal and spatial variability of oxygen and sulfide – Argo float observations and numerical modelling

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5707-5732 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. V. Stanev ◽  
Y. He ◽  
J. Staneva ◽  
E. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Suboxic Zone ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. The temporal and spatial variability of the upper ocean hydrochemistry in the Black Sea is analysed using data originating from profiling floats with oxygen sensors and carried out with a coupled three-dimensional circulation-biogeochemical model including 24 biochemical state variables. Major focus is on the dynamics of suboxic zone which is the interface separating oxygenated and anoxic waters. The scatter of oxygen data seen when plotted in density coordinates is larger than those for temperature, salinity and passive tracers. This scatter is indicative of vigorous biogeochemical reactions in the suboxic zone, which acts as a boundary layer or internal sink for oxygen. This internal sink affects the mixing patterns of oxygen compared to the ones of conservative tracers. Two different regimes of ventilation of pycnocline were clearly identified: a gyre-dominated (cyclonic) regime in winter and a coastal boundary layer (anticyclonic eddy)-dominated regime in summer. These contrasting states are characterized by very different pathways of oxygen intrusions along the isopycnals and vertical oxygen conveyor belt organized in multiple-layered cells formed in each gyre. The contribution of the three-dimensional modelling to the understanding of the Black Sea hydro-chemistry, and in particular the coast-to-open-sea mixing, is also demonstrated. Evidence is given that the formation of oxic waters and of cold intermediate waters, although triggered by the same physical process, each follow a different evolution. The difference in the depths of the temperature minimum and the oxygen maximum indicates that the variability of oxygen is not only just a response to physical forcing and changes in the surface conditions, but undergoes its own evolution.

scholarly journals Served on a Plate: A Late Medieval Ceramic Vessel with Sgraffito Decoration of a Sailing Ship from the Ropotamo Underwater Excavations, Black Sea, Bulgaria

Heritage ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-191
Author(s):  
Dragomir Garbov ◽  
Kroum Batchvarov
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Maritime Culture ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Ceramic Vessel ◽  
Mediterranean Regions ◽  
Sailing Ship

We report on the interpretation of a late medieval Eastern Mediterranean glazed ceramic vessel with sgraffito decoration depicting a sailing ship. The artefact represents a chance find that was recovered outside the excavation area of the Ropotamo underwater archaeological excavations on the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in 2017. Fragments of late medieval sgraffito-decorated ceramics with depictions of sailing ships are rare. Complete examples can be considered exceptional. The Ropotamo artefact is of particular interest due to the freehand execution of its decoration, which suggests some understanding of contemporary ship proportions and seafaring practices on behalf of the artisan. The specimen is analyzed against similar artefacts and discussed in the context of maritime graffiti from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The aim is to establish its potential for studying archaeological ceramics and evaluate the extent to which the decoration reflects aspects of Eastern Mediterranean maritime culture of the late Byzantine and early post-Byzantine periods. More research is required to appreciate the full potential of the Ropotamo artefact. A hypothesis for origin, dating and significance has been proposed. However, due to a shortage of published parallels, it may be subject to further refinements in the future in case more stratified similis are identified.

International and Domestic Maritime Trade in the Ottoman Empire during the 18th Century

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Panzac
Keyword(s):  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Major Part ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Western Mediterranean ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Old World

A glance at a map shows what an important role the sea played in the vast empire of the Ottomans in the 18th century, linking as it did the three continents of Europe, Asia, and Africa that made up the Old World. The Ottoman Empire dominated not only the eastern Mediterranean but also the major part of the southern shore of the western Mediterranean, the Black Sea—a “Turkish lake” until the 1780s—the Red Sea, and part of the Arab/Persian Gulf.Geography gave the sea a decisive role in the trade that took place in the Ottoman Empire both internationally and domestically.

scholarly journals The Black Sea biogeochemistry: focus on temporal and spatial variability of oxygen

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-336
Author(s):  
E. V. Stanev ◽  
Y. He ◽  
J. Staneva ◽  
E. Yakushev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Central Area ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Biogeochemical Model ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Variability ◽  
Suboxic Zone ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Abstract. The temporal and spatial variability of the upper ocean hydrochemistry in the Black Sea down to its suboxic zone was analyzed using data originating from historical observations, profiling floats with oxygen sensors and numerical simulations carried out with a coupled three-dimensional circulation-biogeochemical model including 24 biochemical state variables. The validation of the numerical model against observations demonstrated that it replicated in a realistic way the statistics seen in the observations. The suboxic zone shoaled in the central area and deepened in the coastal area, which was very well pronounced in winter. Its depth varied with time in concert with the variability of the physical system. Two different regimes of ventilation of the pycnocline were clearly identified: gyre-dominated regime in winter and eddy dominated regime in summer. These contrasting regimes were characterized by very different pathways of oxygen intrusions along the isopycnals. The contribution of the three-dimensional modeling to the understanding of the Black Sea hydro-chemistry, and in particular the coast-to-open-sea diapycnal mixing was also demonstrated.

scholarly journals Hydrology and circulation in the North Aegean (eastern Mediterranean) throughout 1997 and 1998

2002 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. ZERVAKIS ◽  
D. GEORGOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Cyclonic Circulation ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
North Aegean

The combination of two research projects offered us the opportunity to perform a comprehensive study of the seasonal evolution of the hydrological structure and the circulation of the North Aegean Sea, at the northern extremes of the eastern Mediterranean. The combination of brackish water inflow from the Dardanelles and the sea-bottom relief dictate the significant differences between the North and South Aegean water columns. The relatively warm and highly saline South Aegean waters enter the North Aegean through the dominant cyclonic circulation of the basin. In the North Aegean, three layers of distinct water masses of very different properties are observed: The 20-50 m thick surface layer is occupied mainly by Black Sea Water, modified on its way through the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara and the Dardanelles. Below the surface layer there is warm and highly saline water originating in the South Aegean and the Levantine, extending down to 350-400 m depth. Below this layer, the deeper-than-400 m basins of the North Aegean contain locally formed, very dense water with different θ /S characteristics at each subbasin. The circulation is characterised by a series of permanent, semi-permanent and transient mesoscale features, overlaid on the general slow cyclonic circulation of the Aegean. The mesoscale activity, while not necessarily important in enhancing isopycnal mixing in the region, in combination with the very high stratification of the upper layers, however, increases the residence time of the water of the upper layers in the general area of the North Aegean. As a result, water having out-flowed from the Black Sea in the winter, forms a separate distinct layer in the region in spring (lying between “younger” BSW and the Levantine origin water), and is still traceable in the water column in late summer.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document