maritime culture
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Heritage ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-191
Author(s):  
Dragomir Garbov ◽  
Kroum Batchvarov

We report on the interpretation of a late medieval Eastern Mediterranean glazed ceramic vessel with sgraffito decoration depicting a sailing ship. The artefact represents a chance find that was recovered outside the excavation area of the Ropotamo underwater archaeological excavations on the Southern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast in 2017. Fragments of late medieval sgraffito-decorated ceramics with depictions of sailing ships are rare. Complete examples can be considered exceptional. The Ropotamo artefact is of particular interest due to the freehand execution of its decoration, which suggests some understanding of contemporary ship proportions and seafaring practices on behalf of the artisan. The specimen is analyzed against similar artefacts and discussed in the context of maritime graffiti from the Black Sea and Eastern Mediterranean regions. The aim is to establish its potential for studying archaeological ceramics and evaluate the extent to which the decoration reflects aspects of Eastern Mediterranean maritime culture of the late Byzantine and early post-Byzantine periods. More research is required to appreciate the full potential of the Ropotamo artefact. A hypothesis for origin, dating and significance has been proposed. However, due to a shortage of published parallels, it may be subject to further refinements in the future in case more stratified similis are identified.


2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32
Author(s):  
Titi Surti Nastiti

Kerajaan-kerajaan masa Jawa Kuno dikenal sebagai negara agraris. Meskipun demikian tidak menjadikan kerajaan-kerajaan tersebut hanya bergerak di bidang pertanian saja, tetapi juga di bidang kemaritiman. Informasi yang menjelaskan kehidupan dan aktivitas kemaritiman pada masa Jawa Kuno didapatkan dari data arkeologis dan tekstual berupa prasasti, berita asing, dan naskah. Data tekstual yang dipakai sebagai sumber, umumnya dibagi ke dalam sumber primer dan sekunder. Sumber primer dianggap sebagai data yang lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan sumber sekunder, karena merupakan dokumen penting dan ditulis pada masanya. Data tekstual yang dianggap sebagai sumber primer adalah prasasti dan berita asing (tambo Dinasti Cina dan berita dari orang Eropa terutama Portugis), sedangkan yang dianggap sumber sekunder adalah naskah terutama karya sastra. Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah mengungkapkan berbagai hal terkait aktivitas kemaritiman pada masa Jawa Kuno, terutama yang digambarkan dalam karya-karya sastra. Ternyata dalam karya sastra dari masa Kaḍiri-Majapahit banyak menuliskan tentang hal-hal yang berhubungan dengan kemaritiman, baik jenis perahu, perahu karam, bajak laut, maupun aktivitas masyarakat pesisir. Metode yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil dari kajian ini memperlihatkan bahwa karya-karya sastra meskipun dianggap sebagai data sekunder, namun dari tulisan karya sastra terdapat kebenaran data yang tidak didapatkan dalam data primer. The kingdoms of the Old Javanese period were known as agrarian. However, this does not make these kingdoms only engaged in agriculture but also the maritime sector. Much information that contains maritime culture and activities during the Old Javanese period was acquired from various archaeological and textual data such as ancient inscriptions, foreign records, and texts. Textual data used as sources segmented into primary and secondary sources. Primary sources are considered more accurate than secondary sources because the primary sources record many events written at that time. Textual data that are considered primary sources are ancient inscriptions and foreign evidence such as the Chinese Dynasty tambo and European records, mostly Portuguese. Meanwhile, secondary sources such as ancient manuscripts, mainly ancient literary texts. This study aims to reveal various affairs related to maritime activities in the Old Javanese period, especially those expressed and portrayed in ancient literature. By the initial study, ancient literature from the Kaḍiri-Majapahit period contains many things related to maritime culture, both types of watercraft, shipwrecks, pirates, and the activities of the people who lived in the seacoast environment. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis with a qualitative approach. This study shows not much description of the maritime culture in Old Javanese inscriptions as the primary sources. However, it figures prominently in literary texts that contained many interesting facts. Historical information about maritime affairs in the Old Javanese period can be interpreted in more detail with supplementary information from literary texts as secondary sources.


PANALUNGTIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laila Abdul Jalil ◽  
Nuralam

Hamzah Fansuri lived in the early era of the peak of the Aceh Darussalam kingdom. The Kingdom of Aceh Darussalam at that time visited by many traders from Arab, Parsi, Turkish, Bengal (India), Siamese, Portuguese, and Spain. Hamzah Fansuri is a Sufism scholar who developed Islamic teaching trough his poems. One of his poems is Syair Perahu. Syair Perahu besides containing Sufism also is related to the trade and wealth of Singkel sea. The discovery of foreign ceramics along the Singkel river is one proof of trade in the past. This research use method of manuscript study. The reason for choosing text studies is because Hamzah Fansuri produced many literary works in the form of poetry. The approach used in this study is historical archaeology to reveal the maritime culture of Singkel trough Syair Perahu by Hamzah Fansuri. Data collection is done trough literature study by collecting books, documents, and paper relating to the life history of Hamzah Fansuri and and literary works that he produces. The purpose of this reseach is to determine the relationship between Syair Perahu and maritime culture of Singkel. Based on a study of Syair Perahu, it is known that Hamzah Fansuri not only discusses the Sufism but also provides information about Singkel and trade in its time.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-228
Author(s):  
Daroe Iswatiningsih ◽  
Fauzan Fauzan

Syair lagu merupakan rangkaian dan tatanan kata indah yang diberi notasi dan dilagukan. Syair lagu memuat simbol-simbol pesan yang hendak disampaikan pencipta kepada pendengarnya. Simbol dalam syair lagu tidak mudah dimengerti dan perlu penafsiran. Pencipta lagu menggunakan simbol verbal pada syair lagu guna mewakili segala hal terkait dengan maksud, harapan, perasaan serta kondisi yang terjadi di lingkungan fisik  serta menerjemahkan kehidupan di dunia yang diketahuinya. Untuk memahami sistem tanda yang menggambarkan budaya kemaritiman dalam syair lagu digunakan pendekatan semiotik.  Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif  kualitatif, mengkaji bahasa berupa tanda atau simbol dalam syair lagu kemaritiman. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan mendokumentasikan  lagu di Museum Musik Indonesia (MMI) di Malang serta eksplorasi di internet. Data berupa aspek kebahasaan yang mengandung sistem tanda budaya kemaritiman dari 14 lagu. Tujuan penelitian mendeskripsikan bentuk penanda dan petanda budaya kemaritiman pada syair lagu dan aspek budaya kemaritiman masyarakat Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ditemukan penanda dan petanda yang menunjukkan budaya kemaritiman pada syair lagu kemaritiman serta  empat aspek sistem budaya masyarakat maritim meliputi, sistem mata pencaharian hidup, sistem peralatan hidup dan teknologi, sistem pengetahuan, dan sistem keorganisasian sosial. Lagu-lagu kemaritiman Indonesia merepresentasikan budaya kemaritiman masyarakat pesisir melalui simbol tanda yang ada. Untuk itu, lagu merupakan rekaman budaya masyarakat di masanya.   Song verse is a series and arrangement of beautiful words that are noted and performed. The song verse contains symbols of the message that the creator wants to convey to his listener. The symbols in the verse of the song are not easy to understand and need interpretation. The songwriter uses verbal symbols in the song's verse to represent everything related to the intentions, expectations, feelings and conditions that occur in the physical environment and translate life in the world he knows. To understand the sign system that describes maritime culture in song verse, a semiotic approach is used.  This research is qualitative descriptive, studying the language in the form of signs or symbols in maritime song verse. Data collection techniques by documenting songs at the Indonesian Music Museum (MMI) in Malang as well as exploration on the internet. Data in the form of language aspects that contain a maritime cultural sign system of 14 songs. The purpose of the study describes the form of markers and signs of maritime culture in song verses and aspects of maritime culture of Indonesian society. The results of the study found markers and signs that show maritime culture in maritime song verses as well as four aspects of the maritime community cultural system including, livelihood system, living equipment system and technology, knowledge system, and social organization system. Indonesian maritime songs represent the maritime culture of coastal communities through the symbol of existing signs. For this reason, the song is a recording of the culture of the people of his time.


Author(s):  
Vaughn Scribner

This article builds upon recent research on early modern Anglo-American maritime culture to demonstrate how mariners used shared mermaid iconography (such as spaces, symbolism, objects, superstitions, and songs) to cultivate an ‘imagined community’ that linked their lives at sea to that on land, and vice versa. Ships and taverns were key to such efforts, as these public spheres – themselves branded by mermaid iconography – served as well-recognised nodes of maritime identity-ways. Ultimately, early modern Anglo-American sailors claimed mermaid iconography as critical symbols of maritime culture that transcended space and time, thereby helping diverse constituents of global empires to create connections wherever they travelled.


Author(s):  
Daiva Verkulevičiūtė-Kriukienė ◽  
Modesta Vaitkutė

The geographical location of Klaipeda city determined that a suitable space for the formation of maritime culture was created here. There are a number of exceptional objects of small and large architecture in the public spaces of the city, some of which are related to the sea. However, it must be stated that the city still lacks objects that glorify famous personalities who have contributed to the fostering of maritime culture and the promotion of Lithuania as a maritime country. Methods used in the research: observation, object photography, cartographic, expert surveys. The study analyzes the diversity of maritime symbols and their territorial distribution in the public spaces of Klaipeda city. Trends in the renewal and further development of maritime elements are also presented in order to form the image of the city and foster maritime culture. This research should expand the boundaries of cognition of maritime culture and contribute to the strengthening of the maritime image of Klaipeda city. Keywords: Klaipeda city, maritime symbols, maritime themes, public spaces.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-27
Author(s):  
Suyanti ◽  
Zoelly's Fix Nurfadholi

This research examines Indonesia's weaknesses towards the world's maritime axis and how to overcome them. The problem under study is the Indonesian government's policy in realizing its aspirations to become a world maritime axis, weaknesses in realizing these ideals, and how to overcome them. This research is a descriptive study with a qualitative approach. The data used are secondary. Data collection is done by collecting books, journals, and references from various online media. The research found that the policies carried out by the government to realize the goal of becoming a world maritime axis, are: 1) Publishing a maritime legal conduct; 2) Describe the 5 pillars of the vision for the world's maritime axis; 3) Forming a Coordinating Ministry for Maritime Affairs; 4) Increase the export of marine commodities. Indonesia's weaknesses in realizing these ideals are overcome by the 5 pillars of the vision for the world's maritime axis, namely: 1) Decreasing maritime culture, overcome by the first pillar; 2) The absence of a common understanding of the concept of a maritime country, is overcome by the second pillar; 3) Lack of maritime human resources, overcome by the first pillar; 4) There are still overlapping regulations in the maritime sector, resolved by the fourth pillar; 5) The port management is still not well managed by the third pillar; 6) The lack of the role of sea transportation is overcome by the third pillar; 7) The small contribution of the marine fisheries sector is overcome by the second pillar; The existence of thuggery and port mafia is overcome by the fifth pillar.


2021 ◽  
pp. 43-60
Author(s):  
Yftinus T. van Popta ◽  
Christer L. Westerdahl

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 412-424
Author(s):  
Nils Valdersdorf Jensen

Using vessels and sailors from the South Funen Archipelago as a case study, this article examines the relationship between smuggling and sailors in Danish maritime culture between 1950 and 1990. Throughout the period, small-scale smuggling was considered a legitimate activity for sailors if done according to certain rules. Smuggling was largely portrayed as a sport grounded in tradition, not as an oppositional political act, but rather politically implicit. Central to the article is the argument that smuggling is not just an economic phenomenon conditioned by the interplay of supply and demand, but a cultural phenomenon related to state power, maritime culture and the onboard community.


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