Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

Abstract. We observed ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~ 12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. The non-sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hPa (~ 16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components: error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure regions, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the gain calibration for the intensity of the spectrum. SMILES O3 from observation frequency Band-B had better accuracy than that from Band-A. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time of O3 profile. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.

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Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions ◽

10.5194/amtd-6-2643-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 2643-2720 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Y. Kasai ◽

H. Sagawa ◽

D. Kreyling ◽

K. Suzuki ◽

E. Dupuy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

International Space Station ◽

Signal To Noise Ratio ◽

Space Station ◽

Local Times ◽

International Space ◽

Calibration Problem ◽

Order Of Magnitude ◽

Synchronous Orbit ◽

Better Than

Abstract. We observed the diurnal variation of ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hP (~16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components; error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure region, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the calibration problem for the intensity of the spectrum. The non sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.

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Recent Measurements of Experiment Sensitivity to G-Jitter and Their Significance to ISS Facility Development

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-551-269 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 551 ◽

Author(s):

R. A. Herring ◽

B. Tryggvason

Keyword(s):

International Space Station ◽

Vibration Isolation ◽

Space Shuttle ◽

Space Station ◽

Experimental Measurements ◽

International Space ◽

Microgravity Experiments ◽

Experimental Facilities ◽

Better Than

AbstractRecent experimental measurements of various microgravity experiments have been taken on the Mir and Space Shuttle under different conditions of microgravity using the Microgravity-vibration Isolation Mount (MIM). The results to date show a clear difference when the experimental measurements are taken from g-levels offered by the Mir and the Space Shuttle (non isolated) to g-levels offered by MIM (isolated) which have been reduced by two orders of magnitude. Concern for the International Space Station (ISS) experimental facilities arises when the quality of microgravity on the Mir and Space Shuttle (non isolated), which is believed to be not good enough, has been measured to be better than the ISS Requirement established by NASA for isolated racks, which will be significantly better than those racks not isolated.

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Significance of Changes in the Skin Fungal Microbiomes of Astronauts Staying on the International Space Station

Journal of Disaster Research ◽

10.20965/jdr.2015.p1031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1031-1034 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Takashi Sugita ◽

◽

Otomi Cho

Keyword(s):

International Space Station ◽

Space Station ◽

Extended Period ◽

Skin Microbiome ◽

High Quality ◽

International Space ◽

Highly Sensitive ◽

Fungal Microbiome ◽

Closed Environment

A wide variety of microorganisms colonize the human skin and are important to maintaining human health. However, this community is highly sensitive to perturbations, and diseases can develop when the skin microbiome is disrupted by a change in host or environmental conditions. The International Space Station (ISS) is a closed environment, and astronauts on the ISS do not wash their bodies as frequently as when they are on the ground. The maintenance of a balanced skin microbiome is important to overall health, disease prevention, and a high quality of life while on the ISS. The skin fungal microbiome is dominated by Malassezia sp. These lipophilic fungi are ubiquitous across different skin types, whereas changes in the levels of M. globosa and M. restricta are correlated with the formation of seborreich dermatitis/dandruff. The Malassezia microbiome on the skin of astronauts staying on the ISS changed, and there was a reduction in skin fungal microbial diversity. These findings provide useful information about temporal changes in the hygiene of astronauts who are on the ISS for an extended period and indicate that Malassezia microbiome as microbiological markers of skin hygiene.

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Image Registration with Particles, Examplified with the Complex Plasma Laboratory PK-4 on Board the International Space Station

Journal of Imaging ◽

10.3390/jimaging5030039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mierk Schwabe ◽

Milenko Rubin-Zuzic ◽

Christoph Räth ◽

Mikhail Pustylnik

Keyword(s):

Mutual Information ◽

International Space Station ◽

Laser Sheet ◽

Space Station ◽

International Space ◽

Complex Plasma ◽

Image Pairs ◽

Complex Plasmas ◽

Plasma Laboratory ◽

Better Than

Often, in complex plasmas and beyond, images of particles are recorded with a side-by-side camera setup. These images ideally need to be joined to create a large combined image. This is, for instance, the case in the PK-4 Laboratory on board the International Space Station (the next generation of complex plasma laboratories in space). It enables observations of microparticles embedded in an elongated low temperature DC plasma tube. The microparticles acquire charges from the surrounding plasma and interact strongly with each other. A sheet of laser light illuminates the microparticles, and two cameras record the motion of the microparticles inside this laser sheet. The fields of view of these cameras slightly overlap. In this article, we present two methods to combine the associated image pairs into one image, namely the SimpleElastix toolkit based on comparing the mutual information and a method based on detecting the particle positions. We found that the method based on particle positions performs slightly better than that based on the mutual information, and conclude with recommendations for other researchers wanting to solve a related problem.

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POTENTIAL AND LIMITATIONS OF PHOTOMETRIC RECONSTRUCTION THROUGH A FLOCK OF DOVE CUBESATS

ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w3-7-2017 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol XLII-3/W3 ◽

pp. 7-11

Author(s):

B. Altena ◽

A. Mousivand ◽

J. Mascaro ◽

A. Kääb

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Space Station ◽

Earth Observation ◽

Local Times ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

International Space ◽

Satellite Systems ◽

Topographic Information ◽

Earth Observation Satellite ◽

Synchronous Orbit

When Earth observation satellite systems are designed, one typically prefers a sun-synchronous orbit. However, the first generations of cubesats from Planet were deployed out of the International Space Station (ISS) and therefore do not obey such an orbit. Their configuration samples at different local times within the mid-latitudes. Consequently, it is in theory possible to exploit photometric techniques and extract highly detailed topographic information. In this study we demonstrate and explore photometry based on Planet cubesat images for Tyndall glacier at the Southern Patagonian icefield, and Zhadang glacier situated on the Tibetan plateau.

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RESEARCH OF THE QUALITY OF INFORMATION TRANSMISSION ABOUT MATERIAL OBJECTS BASED ON CCSDS STANDARDS FOR THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY

10.31799/978-5-8088-1558-2-2021-2-240-243 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

V. E. Taratun ◽

◽

V. A. Fetisov ◽

Keyword(s):

International Space Station ◽

Flight Control ◽

Radio Frequency Identification ◽

General Structure ◽

Space Station ◽

Data Representation ◽

Material Objects ◽

Technology Application ◽

International Space

The article presents the issues of relevance of identification of material objects based on CCSDS standards. The article presented the structure of data representation about objects based on a radio frequency identification tag. The general structure of the bit distribution of data in the label is presented. The modeling and simulation of the process of transferring large amounts of data between different segments of the flight control centers to the International Space Station was carried out on the basis of a software environment developed in the Java programming language. Based on the simulation results, the effectiveness of the technology application to improve the quality of identification organization, accounting for material objects both for ground areas and for use on board the international space station is estimated.

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