scholarly journals Image Registration with Particles, Examplified with the Complex Plasma Laboratory PK-4 on Board the International Space Station

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mierk Schwabe ◽  
Milenko Rubin-Zuzic ◽  
Christoph Räth ◽  
Mikhail Pustylnik
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Information ◽  
International Space Station ◽  
Laser Sheet ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Image Pairs ◽  
Complex Plasmas ◽  
Plasma Laboratory ◽  
Better Than

Often, in complex plasmas and beyond, images of particles are recorded with a side-by-side camera setup. These images ideally need to be joined to create a large combined image. This is, for instance, the case in the PK-4 Laboratory on board the International Space Station (the next generation of complex plasma laboratories in space). It enables observations of microparticles embedded in an elongated low temperature DC plasma tube. The microparticles acquire charges from the surrounding plasma and interact strongly with each other. A sheet of laser light illuminates the microparticles, and two cameras record the motion of the microparticles inside this laser sheet. The fields of view of these cameras slightly overlap. In this article, we present two methods to combine the associated image pairs into one image, namely the SimpleElastix toolkit based on comparing the mutual information and a method based on detecting the particle positions. We found that the method based on particle positions performs slightly better than that based on the mutual information, and conclude with recommendations for other researchers wanting to solve a related problem.

scholarly journals Complex plasma laboratory PK-3 Plus on the International Space Station

2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 033036 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Thomas ◽  
G E Morfill ◽  
V E Fortov ◽  
A V Ivlev ◽  
V I Molotkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Plasma Laboratory

scholarly journals Lane Formation in Driven Binary Complex Plasmas on the International Space Station

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 861-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Robert Sutterlin ◽  
Hubertus M Thomas ◽  
Alexei V Ivlev ◽  
Gregor E Morfill ◽  
Vladimir E Fortov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Binary Complex ◽  
International Space ◽  
Lane Formation ◽  
Complex Plasmas

Plasmakristall-4: New complex (dusty) plasma laboratory on board the International Space Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 87 (9) ◽  
pp. 093505 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Y. Pustylnik ◽  
M. A. Fink ◽  
V. Nosenko ◽  
T. Antonova ◽  
T. Hagl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Plasma Laboratory

scholarly journals Plasmakristall–4 laboratory for research of complex (dusty) plasma on the board of the International Space Station

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-22
Author(s):  
Andrey M LIPAEV ◽  
Andrey V. ZOBNIN ◽  
Aleksandr D. USACHEV ◽  
Vladimir I MOLOTKOV ◽  
Dmitriy I. ZHUKHOVITSKIY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Dusty Plasma ◽  
Soft Matter ◽  
European Space Agency ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Glass Tube ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Scientific Equipment

The scientific equipment «Plasmakrystall–4» («PK–4») is designed to study complex (dusty) plasma under microgravity conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS) and is a joint project of the European Space Agency (ESA) and Roscosmos. Scientific equipment «PK–4» is integrated into «European physiological modules» (EPM) rack, in the European laboratory module Columbus. Experiment control — automated, software-interactive, or manual from an on-board laptop and/or from a terminal in the ground control center. A low-pressure direct current discharge in noble gases in a glass tube is used to create a plasma at scientific equipment «PK–4». Microparticles of a given size are injected into the discharge to obtain a complex plasma. Two digital video cameras allow to trace individual microparticles inside the tube in phase space, which makes a complex plasma to be a good model for studying classical phenomena in condensed matter at the kinetic level. To monitor the plasma conditions, an integrated spectrometer and another video camera are used allowing to observe the plasma's own emission at different wavelengths. To study the reaction of microparticles to external forces, they can be exposed to radiation from a powerful laser, a gas stream, and also to thermophoretic force, i.e., by producing a given temperature gradient. Key words: complex plasmas, microparticles, soft matter, laser manipulation, microgravity, viscosity measurements, gas discharges, plasma diagnostics.

PKE-Nefedov — Complex plasma research on the international space station

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hubertus M. Thomas ◽  
Gregor E. Morfill ◽  
Alexei V. Ivlev ◽  
Anatoli P. Nefedov ◽  
Vladimir E. Fortov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Plasma Research

scholarly journals Complex Plasma Research under Microgravity Conditions: PK-3 Plus Laboratory on the International Space Station

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Khrapak ◽  
V. I. Molotkov ◽  
A. M. Lipaev ◽  
D. I. Zhukhovitskii ◽  
V. N. Naumkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Microgravity Conditions ◽  
Plasma Research

New Directions of Research in Complex Plasmas on the International Space Station

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Thomas ◽  
G. E. Morfill ◽  
A. V. Ivlev ◽  
T. Hagl ◽  
H. Rothermel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Complex Plasmas

Complex plasma research on the International Space Station

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 014004 ◽  
Author(s):  
H M Thomas ◽  
M Schwabe ◽  
M Y Pustylnik ◽  
C A Knapek ◽  
V I Molotkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Space Station ◽  
International Space ◽  
Complex Plasma ◽  
Plasma Research

scholarly journals Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 2311-2338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasai ◽  
H. Sagawa ◽  
D. Kreyling ◽  
E. Dupuy ◽  
P. Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Local Times ◽  
International Space ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Mesospheric Ozone ◽  
Synchronous Orbit ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We observed ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~ 12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. The non-sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hPa (~ 16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components: error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure regions, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the gain calibration for the intensity of the spectrum. SMILES O3 from observation frequency Band-B had better accuracy than that from Band-A. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time of O3 profile. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.

scholarly journals Validation of stratospheric and mesospheric ozone observed by SMILES from International Space Station

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 2643-2720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Kasai ◽  
H. Sagawa ◽  
D. Kreyling ◽  
K. Suzuki ◽  
E. Dupuy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Space Station ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Space Station ◽  
Local Times ◽  
International Space ◽  
Calibration Problem ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Synchronous Orbit ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. We observed the diurnal variation of ozone (O3) in the vertical region between 250 and 0.0005 hPa (~12–96 km) using the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES) on the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of the International Space Station (ISS) between 12 October 2009 and 21 April 2010. The new 4 K superconducting heterodyne receiver technology of SMILES allowed us to obtain a one order of magnitude better signal-to-noise ratio for the O3 line observation compared to past spaceborne microwave instruments. We assessed the quality of the vertical profiles of O3 in the 100–0.001 hP (~16–90 km) region for the SMILES NICT Level 2 product version 2.1.5. The evaluation is based on four components; error analysis; internal comparisons of observations targeting three different instrumental setups for the same O3 625.371 GHz transition; internal comparisons of two different retrieval algorithms; and external comparisons for various local times with ozonesonde, satellite and balloon observations (ENVISAT/MIPAS, SCISAT/ACE-FTS, Odin/OSIRIS, Odin/SMR, Aura/MLS, TELIS). SMILES O3 data have an estimated absolute accuracy of better than 0.3 ppmv (3%) with a vertical resolution of 3–4 km over the 60 to 8 hPa range. The random error for a single measurement is better than the estimated systematic error, being less than 1, 2, and 7%, in the 40–1, 80–0.1, and 100–0.004 hPa pressure region, respectively. SMILES O3 abundance was 10–20% lower than all other satellite measurements at 8–0.1 hPa due to an error arising from uncertainties of the tangent point information and the calibration problem for the intensity of the spectrum. The non sun-synchronous orbit of the ISS allowed us to observe O3 at various local times. A two month period is required to accumulate measurements covering 24 h in local time. However such a dataset can also contain variation due to dynamical, seasonal, and latitudinal effects.

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