Investigation of the behavior of the atmospheric dynamics during occurrences of the ozone hole's secondary effect in southern Brazil

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole (AOH) directly influences the Antarctic region, where its levels can reach values below 220 DU. The temporary depletion of ozone in Antarctica generally occurs between the beginning and middle of August, during the austral spring, and extends to November, when a temporary reduction in ozone content is observed in a large region over the Antarctic continent. However, masses of ozone-depleted air can break away from the ozone hole and reach mid-latitude regions in a phenomenon known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. The objective of this paper is to show how atmospheric dynamics behave during the occurrence of this type of event, especially in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, over a 12-year observation period. For the analysis and identification of the events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil, data from the total ozone column were used from ground-based and satellite experiments, the Brewer Spectrophotometer (MkIII no. 167), and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. For the analysis of the stratospheric and tropospheric fields, the ECMWF reanalysis products were used. Thus, 37 events of influence of the AOH that reached the southern region of Brazil were identified for the study period (2006–2017), where the events showed that in approximately 70 % of the cases they occurred after the passage of frontal systems and/or atmospheric blocks over southern Brazil. In addition, the statistical analysis showed a strong influence of the jet stream on mid-latitude regions during the events. Among the 37 identified events, 92 % occurred in the presence of the subtropical and/or polar jet stream over the region of study, possibly explaining the exchange of air masses of ozone deficient in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UT–LS) region.

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Influence of atmospheric dynamics during events Secondary Effect of the Antarctic Ozone Hole on southern Brazil

10.5194/angeo-2019-104 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt ◽

Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro ◽

José Valentin Bageston ◽

Hassan Bencherif ◽

Luis Angelo Steffenel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graduate Program ◽

Atmospheric Dynamics ◽

Ozone Hole ◽

Secondary Effect ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

Frontal Systems ◽

Pass Through ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to show how atmospheric dynamics behave during the occurrence of ozone-hole inflow events in Antarctica, especially in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, for 12 years of observation. The results showed that most events occur after the frontal systems pass through mid-latitude regions, highlighting the importance of this study for the southern region of Brazil. This work was developed by the UFSM Graduate Program in Meteorology.

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Report of a large depletion in the ozone layer over southern Brazil and Uruguay by using multi-instrumental data

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-36-405-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 405-413 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Caroline Bresciani ◽

Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt ◽

José Valentin Bageston ◽

Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro ◽

Nelson Jorge Schuch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ozone Concentration ◽

Ozone Layer ◽

Ozone Hole ◽

Secondary Effect ◽

Air Mass ◽

Brewer Spectrophotometer ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Santa Maria ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. Ozone is one of the chemical compounds that form part of the atmosphere. It plays a key role in the stratosphere where the “ozone layer” is located and absorbs large amounts of ultraviolet radiation. However, during austral spring (August–November), there is a massive destruction of the ozone layer, which is known as the “Antarctic ozone hole”. This phenomenon decreases ozone concentration in that region, which may affect other regions in addition to the polar one. This anomaly may also reach mid-latitudes; hence, it is called the “secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole”. Therefore, this study aims to identify the passage of an ozone secondary effect (OSE) event in the region of the city of Santa Maria – RS (29.68∘ S, 53.80∘ W) by means of a multi-instrumental analysis using the satellites TIMED/SABER, AURA/MLS, and OMI-ERS. Measurements were made in São Martinho da Serra/RS – Brazil (29.53∘ S, 53.85∘ W) using a sounding balloon and a Brewer Spectrophotometer. In addition, the present study aims to describe and analyse the influence that this stratospheric ozone reduction has on temperatures presented by these instruments, including data collected through the radio occultation technique. The event was first identified by the AURA/MLS satellite on 19 October 2016 over Uruguay. This reduction in ozone concentration was found by comparing the climatology for the years 1996–1998 for the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which is close to Uruguay. This event was already observed in Santa Maria/RS-Brazil on 20 October 2016 as presented by the OMI-ERS satellite and the Brewer Spectrophotometer. Moreover, a significant decrease was reported by the TIMED/SABER satellite in Uruguay. On 21 October, the poor ozone air mass was still over the region of interest, according to the OMI-ERS satellite, data from the sounding balloon launched in Santa Maria/RS-Brazil, and measurements made by the AURA/MLS satellite. Furthermore, the influence of ozone on the stratosphere temperature was observed during this period. Despite a continuous decrease detected in height, the temperature should have followed an increasing pattern in the stratospheric layer. Finally, the TIMED/SABER and OMI-ERS satellites showed that on 23 October, the air mass with low ozone concentration was moving away, and its layer, as well as the temperature, in the stratosphere was re-established. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry; instruments and techniques)

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A major event of Antarctic ozone hole influence in southern Brazil in October 2016: an analysis of tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics

Annales Geophysicae ◽

10.5194/angeo-36-415-2018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (2) ◽

pp. 415-424 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gabriela Dornelles Bittencourt ◽

Caroline Bresciani ◽

Damaris Kirsch Pinheiro ◽

José Valentin Bageston ◽

Nelson Jorge Schuch ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Total Ozone ◽

Ozone Hole ◽

Ozone Content ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Pressure System ◽

Air Mass ◽

Stratospheric Dynamics ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The Antarctic ozone hole is a cyclical phenomenon that occurs during the austral spring where there is a large decrease in ozone content in the Antarctic region. Ozone-poor air mass can be released and leave through the Antarctic ozone hole, thus reaching midlatitude regions. This phenomenon is known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. The objective of this study is to show how tropospheric and stratospheric dynamics behaved during the occurrence of this event. The ozone-poor air mass began to operate in the region on 20 October 2016. A reduction of ozone content of approximately 23 % was observed in relation to the climatology average recorded between 1992 and 2016. The same air mass persisted over the region and a drop of 19.8 % ozone content was observed on 21 October. Evidence of the 2016 event occurred through daily mean measurements of the total ozone column made with a surface instrument (Brewer MkIII no. 167 Spectrophotometer) located at the Southern Space Observatory (29.42∘ S, 53.87∘ W) in São Martinho da Serra, Rio Grande do Sul. Tropospheric dynamic analysis showed a post-frontal high pressure system on 20 and 21 October 2016, with pressure levels at sea level and thickness between 1000 and 500 hPa. Horizontal wind cuts at 250 hPa and omega values at 500 hPa revealed the presence of subtropical jet streams. When these streams were allied with positive omega values at 500 hPa and a high pressure system in southern Brazil and Uruguay, the advance of the ozone-poor air mass that caused intense reductions in total ozone content could be explained. Keywords. Atmospheric composition and structure (middle atmosphere – composition and chemistry)

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Identification of influential events concerning the Antarctic ozone hole over southern Brazil and the biological effects induced by UVB and UVA radiation in an endemic treefrog species

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety ◽

10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.029 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 118 ◽

pp. 190-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

André Passaglia Schuch ◽

Mauricio Beux dos Santos ◽

Victor Mendes Lipinski ◽

Lucas Vaz Peres ◽

Caroline Peripolli dos Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Effects ◽

Ozone Hole ◽

Southern Brazil ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole ◽

Uva Radiation

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The discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole

Nature ◽

10.1038/d41586-019-02837-5 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 575 (7781) ◽

pp. 46-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Susan Solomon

Keyword(s):

Ozone Hole ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

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On the Antarctic ozone hole

Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics ◽

10.1016/0021-9169(89)90071-8 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 51 (1) ◽

pp. 29-43 ◽

Cited By ~ 108

Author(s):

M.E. McIntyre

Keyword(s):

Ozone Hole ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

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Characteristics of polar stratospheric clouds during the formation of the Antarctic ozone hole

Geophysical Research Letters ◽

10.1029/gl013i012p01288 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 1288-1291 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Patrick Hamill ◽

O. B. Toon ◽

R. P. Turco

Keyword(s):

Ozone Hole ◽

Polar Stratospheric Clouds ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

Stratospheric Clouds ◽

The Antarctic ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

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Forecasts and assimilation experiments of the Antarctic ozone hole 2008

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-11-1961-2011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 1961-1977 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

J. Flemming ◽

A. Inness ◽

L. Jones ◽

H. J. Eskes ◽

V. Huijnen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transport Model ◽

Initial Conditions ◽

Stratospheric Ozone ◽

Satellite Observations ◽

Ozone Hole ◽

Chemical Mechanism ◽

Ozone Monitoring Instrument ◽

Variable Effect ◽

Antarctic Ozone ◽

Antarctic Ozone Hole

Abstract. The 2008 Antarctic ozone hole was one of the largest and most long-lived in recent years. Predictions of the ozone hole were made in near-real time (NRT) and hindcast mode with the Integrated Forecast System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The forecasts were carried out both with and without assimilation of satellite observations from multiple instruments to provide more realistic initial conditions. Three different chemistry schemes were applied for the description of stratospheric ozone chemistry: (i) a linearization of the ozone chemistry, (ii) the stratospheric chemical mechanism of the Model of Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 3, (MOZART-3) and (iii) the relaxation to climatology as implemented in the Transport Model, version 5, (TM5). The IFS uses the latter two schemes by means of a two-way coupled system. Without assimilation, the forecasts showed model-specific shortcomings in predicting start time, extent and duration of the ozone hole. The assimilation of satellite observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI), the Solar Backscattering Ultraviolet radiometer (SBUV-2) and the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CartograpHY (SCIAMACHY) led to a significant improvement of the forecasts when compared with total columns and vertical profiles from ozone sondes. The combined assimilation of observations from multiple instruments helped to overcome limitations of the ultraviolet (UV) sensors at low solar elevation over Antarctica. The assimilation of data from MLS was crucial to obtain a good agreement with the observed ozone profiles both in the polar stratosphere and troposphere. The ozone analyses by the three model configurations were very similar despite the different underlying chemistry schemes. Using ozone analyses as initial conditions had a very beneficial but variable effect on the predictability of the ozone hole over 15 days. The initialized forecasts with the MOZART-3 chemistry produced the best predictions of the increasing ozone hole whereas the linear scheme showed the best results during the ozonehole closure.

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