Assessment of groundwater and surface water quality for irrigation suitability in Rupnagar District, Punjab, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navjot Kaur ◽  
Susanta Paikaray
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Low Sodium ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
Sodium Percent ◽  
Sirsa River

<p>Groundwater and Sutlej river water are major sources of irrigation in Rupnagar district of Punjab. Water quality was examined for their agricultural suitability using a total of 54 surface water (16 from Sutlej and 6 from Sirsa River) and groundwater (total 32 of ~160 m depth) samples from Pre- (June 2019) and post-monsoon (Dec 2018) seasons. On-site parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total dissolved solids) indicate permissible pH (pH 6.6-8.2) and conductivity (147-1953 μS/cm), while 18.5% of samples are brackish salt to salt category type on salinity index. The results of these parameters were further interpreted and measured with different irrigation indexes like sodium percent (SP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), chloride concentrations and Wilcox diagram. Similarly, most of the samples (except Sutlej river water samples) were found to be above permissible limits with respect to SP (5.36-81.01) and RSC (0-6.23), but SAR is indicative of suitability for irrigation purposes (0.11-8.3). The suitability for irrigation as per SAR is because of low sodium content in all the samples relative to calcium and magnesium. The Wilcox diagram of pre-monsoon samples indicate high, medium and low saline to low sodium hazard except 1 sample with high saline to medium sodium hazard and salinity-sodium hazard in post-monsoon is comparatively lower than that of pre-monsoon. However careful observation of the complete data analysis suggests that all the parameters in Sutlej river water samples were found to be suitable for irrigation while most of the groundwater samples and 3 samples from Sirsa river were unfit for irrigation purposes as inferred from SP, RSC and Wilcox diagram.</p>

scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Water Analysis of Bagmati and Bishnumati River

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Shashi Bhushan Chaturwedi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Value ◽  
Bagmati River

 Water pollution, one of the serious environmental issues of the world, results from contaminants being introduced into the natural environment. This study was conducted in the Microbiology laboratory, DAV College, Dhobighat, Lalitpur, Nepal from January to May 2018 with aims to assess the physicochemical and microbiological status of river water of Kathmandu valley. All together 60 water samples were collected, 20 water samples each from different places of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction (Teku Dovan). The physicochemical parameters including pH, ammonia and iron, hardness and alkalinity were analyzed by standard methods and the microbiological parameters such as total mesophilic count and total coliform count were analyzed by pour plate technique. Among all 60 water samples tested, the temperature (12.8°C), BOD value (3.11 mg/l), iron value (0.87 mg/l) and turbidity (102.2NTU) were found to be highest in Bagmati river water samples whereas the value of TSS (755.2 mg/l), TDS (748.4 mg/l), copper (0.01 mg/l) and COD (911.5 PPM) were found to be highest in water of Bishnumati river. The heavy meals Manganese (0.29 mg/l) and Nickel (0.01 mg/l) were detected only in Bishnumati river water samples. The river junction water samples showed the exceeded value of DO (9.56 mg/l) and chloride (0.12 mg/l). All the 60 samples showed total mesophilic counts more than 300 cfu/ml and the average number of total mesophilic counts were found to be 5.21×106 cfu/ml. The average number of total coliform counts were found to be 2.1×105 cfu/ml in the water samples of Bagmati river, Bishnumati river and river junction. Most of the tested parameter of the samples had more than the standard value of water quality indicating the deterioration of river water quality and thus may affect the aquatic as well as human and animal lives.

scholarly journals Water Quality Assessment Of Dug Well Water And Its Adjoining Buriganga River Reach In The Old Dhaka Of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-218
Author(s):  
Shovon Barua ◽  
M Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Assessment ◽  
Well Water ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Dug Well ◽  
Buriganga River ◽  
Concentration Levels

Thirty six dug well water samples from different houses along three transects and four Buriganga river water samples from four different Ghats (boat terminals) of the Old Dhaka of Bangladesh were collected during dry and wet periods for water quality assessment. The depth of these dug wells varies from 3.4 to 16 m with an average depth of 10 m with diurnal variations. The hydrochemical classification shows that the dug well and Buriganga river water samples are Ca-HC03 type. More than 50% dug well water samples were contaminated as concentration levels of Ca, K and Fe in both periods were high whereas over 25% Buriganga river water samples were tainted as concentration levels of Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn in dry season exceeded the drinking water quality standard limits of World Health Organization (WHO), Department of Environment (DOE) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). If the dug well water is protected from contamination, the shallow groundwater in this part of Dhaka city should be an alternative perennial source of water especially during the dry season when water scarcity looms large Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 40(2): 207-218, December 2014

Verification of the Determination Method of Dissolved Metal Content using ICP-OES and Its Application for River Water in Bandar Lampung City

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
Ni Luh Gede Ratna Juliasih ◽  
Diky Hidayat ◽  
Purna Pirdaus ◽  
Rinawati Rinawati
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Metal Content ◽  
Metal Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
The Way

Method verification for metal analysis (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Co, and Mn) in surface water using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) was carried out to evaluate the method’s performance in the laboratory-based on US Method EPA 200.7. The verified method is used to determine the metal content in river water flowing in Bandar Lampung. The results showed that the method used had good linearity with a regression coefficient of more than 0.995. This method’s accuracy is expressed by the %RSD (relative standard deviation), which is in the range of 3.145 to 4.345% and meets the acceptance requirements with a %RSD value less than ⅔ CV Horwitz. The method accuracy obtained from the spiking analysis gives a range of 80-110% for the analysis of 1 mg/L and meets the acceptability required by AOAC. Overall, the performance of the method used is suitable for the analysis of metals in surface water. This method was applied for metal analysis in river water samples in several places in Bandar Lampung, which were the Palang Besi river (A1), the Way Balau Kedamaian river (B1), the Way Balau Kedaton river (C1), the Way Kuala river (D1), the Sumur Batu Kahuripan river (E1), Sumur Putri river (F1), and Muara Kahuripan river (G1). The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Co metals were under the LoD method, while the Mn concentration was above the LoD method in river water samples.

scholarly journals Application of multivariate statistical analysis and water quality index for quality characterization of Parbati River, Northwestern Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurav Sharma ◽  
Renu Lata ◽  
Nandini Thakur ◽  
Vishal Bajala ◽  
Jagdish Chandra Kuniyal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
River Water Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Piper Trilinear Diagram ◽  
Surface Water Samples

AbstractThe present study is an attempt to accomplish the understanding of the factors impacting Parbati river water quality in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. The main objective is to assess the overall water quality, to explore its hydrogeochemical characteristics including major ion contents and other chemical parameters using Water Quality Index (WQI), statistical techniques (principal component analysis) and conventional graphical representation such as Piper trilinear diagram, Durov. Eighteen surface water samples were collected from different altitudinal sites to analyze physico-chemical parameters for June 2019 and September 2019. Analytical outcomes of thirty-six surface water samples collected in Pre-monsoon and Post-monsoon seasons are well within the permissible limits as per BIS, 2012 and WHO 2011 for drinking and domestic purposes. Water quality characterization for the assigned use shows that maximum surface water samples fall under excellent to good water quality index and are suitable for drinking without conventional treatment. The Piper trilinear diagram classified 100% of surface water samples for both seasons’ falls in the fields of Ca2+-Mg2+-HCO3− water type indicating temporary hardness. Abundance of ions in the water samples is in the order: anions HCO3−>Cl−>SO42−>NO3− and cations Mg2+>Ca2+>Na+>K+. PCA identifies that the surface water chemistry is influenced by natural factors as well as minor anthropogenic activities in both the seasons. The correlation matrix has been prepared to analyse and observe the significance of the factors on the assessment of river water quality. Periodic assessment of surface water samples of the Parbati river and adjoining areas should be carried out. This approach will help in finding out any contamination of water occurring due to rapid socio-economic development as well as explosion of tourism industry in the region. Present study will work as baseline database for any future work in the region.

scholarly journals GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES AIDED STUDY OF GHAGGAR RIVER WATER QUALITY FOR DRINKING PURPOSE IN PANCHKULA DISTRICT, HARYANA, INDIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anup Kumar ◽  
Shubham Chauhan ◽  
V.S. Arya
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Pollutant Sources ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Water is important for survival of living beings as well as geological and geomorphic processes on the planet Earth. In the present scenario of developmental activities both surface and groundwater are polluted and need attention for checking the pollutant sources. Ghaggar river in northern part of the country is flowing from the states-Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan and finally in Pakistan. In the upper part of the Ghaggar river after entering in Haryana in Panchkula district its water quality has been assessed for drinking purpose. Eight river water samples were collected from different locations of Ghaggar River in the month of June 2019. Water samples were analyzed using Field Water Testing Kit prepared by Tamilnadu Water Supply and Drainage Board (TWAD), Chennai for chemical parameters-pH, Hardness, Chloride, Fluoride, Iron, Ammonia, Nitrite, Nitrate, Phosphate and Residual Chlorine. Results of chemical analysis of water samples were categories as per BIS drinking water standards (IS 10500:2012). In the river water samples pH ranges from 6.5 to 7.5; hardness ranges from 100 mg/l to 1170 mg/l; chloride ranges from 50 mg/l to 360 mg/l; fluoride ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 3 mg/l; iron ranges from nil to 10 mg/l; aammonia ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 5 mg/l; nitrite ranges from 0.2 mg/l to 1 mg/l; nitrate ranges from 20 mg/l to 150 mg/l; phosphate ranges from 0.5 mg/l to 1 mg/l and residual chlorine ranges from nil to 2 mg/l. The data interpretation shows that pH in all the eight water samples is desirable for drinking purpose; hardness is desirable at Bitna, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and permissible at Jagatpur and non-potable at ChandiMandir; chloride is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and permissible at ChandiMandir; fluoride is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at ChandiMandir; iron is desirable at Bitna, Kaushalya Dam, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at Jagatpur, ChandiMandir, MajriChowk; ammonia is desirable at Bitna, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, ChandiMandir, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla; nitrite is desirable in all the eight water samples; nitrate is desiarble at ChandiMandir, MajriChowk, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula and non-potable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, Daffarpur; phosphate is desirable in all the eight water samples and residual chlorine is desirable at Bitna, Jagatpur, Kaushalya Dam, ChandiMandir, Peer Muchchalla, Sector-28, Panchkula, Daffarpur and non-potable at MajriChowk. The study shows that river water is not suitable for drinking purpose in seven water samples except one water sample (Sector-28, Panchkula). The study is highly useful for monitoring the water quality of Ghaggar River.

scholarly journals Algal diversity in midstream of the Achankovil river during monsoon and post monsoon season

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Meera Krishnan ◽  
Praveen Dhar Thulasidas ◽  
Sreejai Raghavan ◽  
Sreeja Thankappan
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Central Point ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Algal Diversity ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Post Monsoon Season

Algae are simple organisms whose size ranges from microscopic to macroscopic large seaweeds over thirty meters long. The study examined the algal diversity in the midstream of the Achankovil River. Pandalm is located in the central point of the Achankovil River. Water samples were collected during the monsoon and post monsoon seasons. Samples were collected in the early morning; phytoplanktonic forms were gathered by plankton net. The exploration identified the presence of 41 algal genera pertaining to the classes of Chlorophyceae, Bacillariyophyceae, Cyanophyceae and Euglenophyceae. The pollution-indicating species increased in post monsoon season in comparison to monsoon season of the river and larger numbers of algal species are reported during monsoon season.

Experimental investigation on water quality standard of Yangtze River water source heat pump

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 1103-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenghu Qin ◽  
Mingwei Tong ◽  
Lin Kun
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
River Water ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Water Conditions

Due to the surface water in the upper reaches of Yangtze River in China containing large amounts of silt and algae, high content of microorganisms and suspended solids, the water in Yangtze River cannot be used for cooling a heat pump directly. In this paper, the possibility of using Yangtze River, which goes through Chongqing, a city in southwest China, as a heat source–sink was investigated. Water temperature and quality of the Yangtze River in the Chongqing area were analyzed and the performance of water source heat pump units in different sediment concentrations, turbidity and algae material conditions were tested experimentally, and the water quality standards, in particular surface water conditions, in the Yangtze River region that adapt to energy-efficient heat pumps were also proposed. The experimental results show that the coefficient of performance heat pump falls by 3.73% to the greatest extent, and the fouling resistance of cooling water in the heat exchanger increases up to 25.6% in different water conditions. When the sediment concentration and the turbidity in the river water are no more than 100 g/m3 and 50 NTU respectively, the performance of the heat pump is better, which can be used as a suitable river water quality standard for river water source heat pumps.

Fabrication of dendritic nanoporous gold via a two-step amperometric approach: Application for electrochemical detection of methyl parathion in river water samples

Talanta ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 226 ◽  
pp. 122130
Author(s):  
Gilberto J. Silva Junior ◽  
Jéssica Soares Guimarães Selva ◽  
Anandhakumar Sukeri ◽  
Josué M. Gonçalves ◽  
Matias Regiart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
River Water ◽  
Electrochemical Detection ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Nanoporous Gold ◽  
River Water Samples
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