Surface Water Quality Assessment, Prediction & Modelling of River Daya in Odisha

A decision tree -based approach is projected to predict surface water quality and is a good tool to assess quality and guarantee property safe use of water for drinking. The most objective of this study is to assess the surface water quality of the Daya watercourse to work out the quality of drinking functions. Samples were collected from designated locations throughout totally different seasons (winter, summer, rainy) over a amount of five years (2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020). Total dissolved solids, pH, alkalinity, chloride, nitrate, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, iron, fluoride, were all tested as well as total coliform, fecal coliform, and E. coli. The main goal is to use decision tree regression to construct a model to assess and predict water quality changes in the Daya geographic region of Odisha, India, and compare it to statistical methods.

Variation of rain water quality with storage time for different coloured storage containers

It is very important to evaluate the quality of rain water collected and stored in cisterns and storage tanks. In this study, rainwater quality analysis was carried out on samples collected from an experimental set -up at the School of Engineering and Engineering Technology of the Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria. The physio-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of rainwater collected and stored using four different coloured containers under outdoor and indoor conditions were analyzed and the results compared with World Health Organization (WHO) standard for potable water. The results of the physio-chemical analysis revealed that the colour, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), phosphate, sulphate, iron and copper of all the rainwater samples fell within WHO acceptable standards for potable water. The pH of the harvested rainwater of the samples ranged from 5.34 – 6.73 mg/l for the indoor stored rainwater samples and 5.28 – 6.59 mg/l for the outdoor stored samples. The pH of the water samples did not fall with WHO permissible limit of 6.5 to 8.5. The Nitrate content of the water samples also did not fall within WHO permissible limit. Similarly, the total coliform count did not conform to WHO standard for potable water. Based on the results obtained from this study, it is recommended that harvested rainwater be treated to kill contaminating microorganisms and to reduce the health risks associated with its consumption.

USE OF NON-LINEAR AUTOREGRESSIVE MODEL (NAR) TO FORECAST THE FUTURE HEALTH OF SHRIMP FARM

Microbial load in terms of Total Coliform (TC) and Fecal Coliform (FC) were documented in the water of a shrimp culture farm at Malancha region of North 24 Parganas for a period of 36 years (1984-2019). The region receives the wastewater from the city of Kolkata. A steady hike in the microbial load (comprising of both total and fecal coliform) is noticed. The primary reason behind this rise of the microbial load is the run-off from the nearby landmasses that brings various types of wastes in the shrimp farm under investigation. The sustainability of shrimp farms in this region is under question due to the huge microbial load as revealed from the output of NAR.

Comparative study on the microbiological quality of vegetables collected from local markets and super shops of Dhaka city

Vegetables are major source of vitamins and fibers but presence of pathogens in salad vegetables can cause outbreak of diseases. Several studies have been conducted on commonly consumed vegetables so far to detect the level of microbial contamination. However, few of them compare the microbial quality of local and super shop vegetables. The present study was conducted for microbiological assessment and comparing four types of vegetables collected from two different market conditions. In this study, Green chili (Capsicum frutescens L.), Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) and Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) were analyzed to determine Total Viable Bacterial (TVB) Counts, Total Fungal (TF) Counts, Total Coliform Counts (TCC), Total Fecal Coliform (TFC) Counts and occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas spp., Listeria spp., Bacillus spp., Salmonella spp., and Vibrio spp. Among these microorganisms, Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas spp. were significantly present in coriander of both local market and super shop. All pathogenic bacteria and fungi were found in huge amounts in the vegetable samples of the local market. Although some pathogenic bacteria and fungi were also found in the same samples of the super shop, relatively lower than the local market’s vegetables. In conclusion, contamination in collected vegetable samples were not acceptable but comparatively higher load in local market samples indicated that the hygienic condition in these markets is not sufficiently maintained. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.11 (1) 2021: 24-27

KAJIAN KUALITAS AIR LAUT DI PERAIRAN KOTA BONTANG PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR

Kualitas perairan sangat dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas yang terjadi di sekitar perairan tersebut. Aktivitas perairan yang semakin tinggi lambat laun akan mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas perairan baik secara fisik, kimia maupun biologi yang pada akhirnya akan menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas sumberdaya pesisir dan laut. Kota Bontang sebagai salah satu daerah di Kalimantan Timur terkenal dengan hasil perikanannya berupa hasil laut dan hasil olahan perikanan, selain itu juga dikenal sebagai kota industri tentunya kegiatan pemantauan lingkungan melalui pengujian kualitas air harus dilakukan. secara teratur. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui status kualitas air laut berdasarkan parameter fisik, kimia dan biologi di perairan Kota Bontang. Pengambilan sampel kualitas air dilakukan pada bulan November 2020 di 6 (enam) stasiun penelitian menggunakan botol niskin dan dianalisis di laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Standardisasi Industri Samarinda, kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan baku mutu air laut untuk biota laut berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Lingkungan Hidup. Nomor 51 Tahun 2004 Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter yang tidak sesuai dengan baku mutu meliputi parameter suhu, pH, Total Suspended Solid (TSS), Amonia, Nitrat, Timbal dan Total Coliform. Parameter yang melebihi baku mutu akan berdampak pada terganggunya fungsi ekologi ekosistem di perairan dan terjadinya penurunan kualitas air laut baik secara fisik, kimia maupun biologi yang berakibat pada penurunan daya guna, hasil guna, produktivitas, daya dukung dan daya tampung sumberdaya perairan sehingga pada akhirnya akan menurunkan kekayaan sumberdaya alam.

Strategi Peningkatan Kualitas Air Sungai: Studi Kasus Sungai Sani

ENGLISHApart from supporting irrigation systems, The Sani River has become a source of raw water for a water treatment company called PDAM Tirta Bening to provide clean water to the community. The purpose of this study was to investigate the water quality of the Sani River and formulate priority strategies for improving water quality according to the conditions of the Sani River. This research uses the descriptive-analytic method. Data were obtained from the document of Pati Regency Environmental Service, interviews, field observations, and questionnaires. To determine water quality, this study compared the test result with the water quality standards. Meanwhile, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) became a tool to formulate strategic priorities. The result was TSS in the downstream, BOD, COD, and total phosphate from upstream to downstream, fecal coliform in the middle and downstream, and total coliform in the downstream conditions have exceeded water quality standard. The concentration of Dissolved Oxygen from upstream to downstream was <4 mg/L so it did not comply with the standard. The alternative strategies to improve included increasing community participation, increasing collaboration among stakeholders, supervision and law enforcement, environmental quality monitoring, and river normalization. INDONESIASungai Sani berfungsi dalam irigasi dan sumber air baku untuk PDAM Tirta Bening. Sungai ini termasuk sungai prioritas yang digunakan dalam perhitungan Indeks Kualitas Air Kabupaten Pati. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas air Sungai Sani dan merumuskan prioritas strategi peningkatan kualitas air yang sesuai dengan kondisi Sungai Sani. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari dokumen hasil uji Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Kabupaten Pati, hasil wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan pengisian kuesioner. Metode analisis data untuk mengetahui kualitas air adalah dengan membandingkan data hasil uji dengan baku mutu air. Dalam merumuskan prioritas strategi, menggunakan Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasilnya adalah TSS di bagian hilir, BOD, COD, dan total fosfat dari hulu sampai ke hilir, fecal coliform di bagian tengah dan hilir, serta total coliform di bagian hilir kondisinya telah melebihi baku mutu air kelas II. Untuk DO, dari hulu sampai hilir konsentrasinya <4 mg/L sehingga tidak mencapai baku mutu air kelas II. Hasil analisis alternatif strategi peningkatan kualitas air Sungai Sani sesuai urutan adalah peningkatan peran serta masyarakat, peningkatan kerja sama antar stakeholder, pengawasan dan penegakan hukum, pemantauan kualitas lingkungan, dan normalisasi sungai.

Keterkaitan Sistem Penyediaan Air Bersih dan Angka Penyakit Diare di Daerah Pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung

Diare merupakan penyakit berbasis lingkungan yang sering dikaitkan dengan kejadian kematian. Kurang baiknya sistem penyediaan air bersih dapat meningkatkan kejadian diare. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kejadian diare, mengkaji kualitas mikrobiologi sampel air, status sistem yang menyediakan air bersih, dan menganalisis korelasi antara angka penyakit diare dan sistem penyediaan air di daerah pesisir Kangkung, Bandar Lampung. Populasi pada kajian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat di wilayah pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung. Penentuan sampel dengan teknik random sampling. Data penelitian didapatkan melalui kuesioner dan analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi-square, sedangkan total coliform dilakukan dengan metode Most Probable Number. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proporsi terjadinya diare sebanyak 22,2%, kandungan Coliform pada air PAM 0 MPN/ml, air suteng sebanyak 1100 MPN/ml, dan air sumur sebanyak 1100 MPN/ml. Daerah pesisir kelurahan Kangkung, sistem penyediaan air bersihnya cukup baik karena lebih banyak responden yang masuk dalam katagori memenuhi syarat dibandingkan yang tidak. Namun, hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak ada keterkaitan yang signifikan antara sistem yang menyediakan air bersih dengan kejadian diare di wilayah pesisir Kelurahan Kangkung.ABSTRACTDiarrhea is one of the disease based in environmentally that is often associated with death. Poor system of clean water supply can increase the incidence of diarrhea. The purpose of this research to identify frequency of diarrhea, to examine the microbiological quality of water samples, the status of the system that ptovides clean water, and to analize the correlation between diarrhea disease rate and the water supply system in the coastal areas of Kangkung, Bandar Lampung City. The population in this research were an entire comunity in the coastal area of Kangkung Village. Determination of the sample selection by the random sampling technique. The research data was obtained through a questionnaire and then analyzed was carried out using the chi-square test. Meanwhile, the total coliform test was carried out using the Most Probable Number method. The results showed the proportion of diarrhea was 22.2%, total Coliform in water from drink water company was 0 MPN/ml, Suteng water was 1100 MPN/ml, and well water was 1100 MPN/ml. In the coastal area of the Kangkung, the clean water supply system is quite good because more respondents are included in the eligible category than those who do not. However, the results of the analysis show that there is no significant correlation between the system that provides clean water and the incidence of diarrhea in the coastal area of Kangkung Village.

Characterization of Clay from Isan Ekiti Deposits for Making the Ceramic Water Purifier

Introduction: Despite the efforts of Governments and non-governmental organizations in sponsoring ceramic water purifier (CWP) filter project across the globe, some rural communities in Ekiti State, Nigeria are yet to benefit from it. One of the major technical difficulties hindering the making of CWP filter cells in many places was the adaptation to the sand, clay and sawdust mixture necessary to obtain the correct filter properties. Aim: In this study, some salient properties of clay from orudi, arade and oturo deposits at Isan Ekiti were assessed in the light of their usefulness for making the ceramic water filter cells. Methodology: The particle size distribution analysis and consistency tests were carried out on the crude clay. Also the shrinkage, effects of percentage constituents of burnout on porosity, filtration rate and quality of filtrate were measured, using standard methods. Results: Results show that arade has the appropriate technical properties for making the filter cell. The chosen clay sample has its deposit less than 2 kilometers to the point of making. About 56% of its particles are less than 0.075mm equivalent spherical diameter (ESD). A composition of ratio 50:50 by volume mixture of clay to sawdust has the porosity of 54. 55% while that of ratio 40:60 is 55.56%. Samples made of these batches were capable of reducing the water turbidity Neflometric Turbidity Unit (NTU) of contaminated water by 95%. The 50:50 samples have the higher capacity of reducing total coliform count by 50.28% as against 25.07% for 40:60 samples. Conclusion: Given appropriate facilities and training, with the abundant clay at arade deposit, the pottery center is a place where CWP filter cell factory could be established.

KUALITAS AIR TANAH DI TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN SAMPAH SEMENTARA DI KELURAHAN TEMBILAHAN KOTA TAHUN 2020

Masalah peningkatan volume sampah salah satunya terjadi di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Selain itu, penggunaan teknologi pengolahan sampah yang digunakan sudah tidak sesuai dengan peraturan yang dikeluarkan, sehingga hal sangat berisiko mencemari kualitas air tanah. Tujuan penelitian mengetahui kualitas air tanah di tempat penampungan sampah sementara di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota, dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Populasi adalah sumur warga yang tinggal di Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota sebanyak 30 sumur, dan sampel berjumlah 5 sumur milik warga. Prosedur pengambilan sampel sesuai dengan SNI 06-2412-1991 mengenai metode pengambilan air pemeriksaan mikrobiologi. Hasil penelitian diperoleh analisis bahwa diantara parameter fisik air tanah, parameter yang paling banyak tidak memenuhi syarat baku mutu adalah parameter rasa dengan hasil sebanyak 4 (80%) sampel dari 5 sampel, sedangkan suhu sebanyak 3 (60%) tidak memenuhi syarat, warna sebanyak 2 (40%) tidak memenuhi syarat, bau sebanyak 3 (60%) tidak memenuhi syarat, sedangkan hasil pemeriksaan bakteri coli postif dengan hasil positif sebanyak 4 (80%) sampel dari 5 sampel. Total coliform dari hasil laboratorium sebesar (14000) tinggi. Diharapkan dinas kesehatan mengerah petugas kesehatan setempat memperhatikan lingkungan sekitar dan memberi penyuluhan tentang pengolahan air yang baik sebelum diminum, agar tidak terjadi pencemaran terhadap lingkungan dan sumber air minum yang terdapat di lingkungan Kelurahan Tembilahan Kota. One of the problems in increasing the volume of waste is in Indragiri Hilir Regency. 60% of landfill waste is disposed of in open temporary landfills. In addition, the use of waste treatment technology that is used is not in accordance with the regulations issued, so it is very risky to pollute the quality of ground water. Based on the background of the problems above. This study aims to determine the quality of ground water in a temporary garbage shelter in the Tembilahan City Kelurahan, with a descriptive research method. The population and sample in this study were 5 community wells living in Tembilahan Kota Kelurahan. Sampling procedures must be in accordance with SNI 06-2412-1991 regarding the method of taking microbiological examination water. Based on the results of the study obtained the results of the analysis that among the physical parameters of ground water, the parameter that most did not meet the quality standard requirements was the taste parameter, with the results of 4 (80%) samples from 5 samples, while the temperature parameters were 3 (60%). qualified, color parameters as much as 2 (40%) did not meet the requirements, odor parameters as much as 3 (60%) did not qualify, while positive coli bacterial examination results with positive results were 4 (80%) samples from 5 samples. The total coliform from the results of laboratory tests is (14000) high. It is expected that the health department will mobilize local health officials to pay attention and provide counseling about the importance of protecting the surrounding environment and counseling about good water treatment before drinking, so that pollution does not occur to the environment and drinking water sources contained in the Tembilahan City Kelurahan.

Performance and blood lipide profile of cockerel aged 0-7 weeks that were given sambiloto leaf water extract (Andrographis paniculata ness) through drinking water

This study aims to examine the effect of adding water extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) to drinking water on the performance and blood lipids profilem of cockerel aged 0-7 weeks. This study was conducted in the village of Cepaka, Kediri, Tabanan, Bali. Using A total of 200 birds of aged 1 day old chick laying hens males.. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications so that there were 20 units, each replicate using 10 chickens. The treatments were: (A) Drinking water without the addition of extract sambiloto leaf water, (B) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 2 ml/l , (C) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 4 ml/l and (D) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 6 ml/L The variables observed in this study were performance, carcass, blood lipid profile, digestive tract microbes and economic aspec. The results showed that the administration of sambiloto leaf water extract not significantly different (P>0.05) on ration consumption, drinking water consumption, final body weight, FCR, blood lipid profile, total coliform and E.coly and significantly different (P<0.05) on carcass percentage, carcass composition.