WISDOM Calibration and Data Processing Pipeline for the ExoMars 2020 Mission

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Plettemeier ◽  
Christoph Statz ◽  
Yun Lu ◽  
Wolf-Stefan Benedix ◽  
Sebastian Hegler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Processing Pipeline ◽  
Martian Soil ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Past Life ◽  
Manual Processing ◽  
Ground Penetrating

<p>The WISDOM instrument is part of the 2020 ESA-Roscosmos ExoMars Rosalind-Franklin rover payload. It is a fully-polarimetric ground penetrating RADAR (GPR) operating as a stepped-frequency continuous-wave radar at frequencies between 500 MHz and 3 GHz yielding a centimetric resolution and a penetration depth of about 3 m in Martian soil. WISDOMs primary scientific objective is the detailed characterization the material distribution of the Martian subsurface as a contribution to the search for evidence of present and past life.</p><p>WISDOM  works by transmitting electromagnetic waves in the observable zone of the subsurface below the antenna. The transfer function of the observed zone is then recovered from the received signal. The processing of the WISDOM data involves several calibration steps, where environment and temperature as well as instrument influences are compensated in order to obtain interpretable results. The data processing involves several filters that are designed to extract and quantify features of interest w.r.t. the surface and subsurface. Calibration and processing are implemented in the WISDOM Data Processing Framework (WDPF). It can be operated manually (via GUI integration) as well as automatically as part of the ROCC processing pipeline yielding comparable and reproducible results from automatic and manual processing of WISDOM data. The capabilities of WDPF are validated on laboratory and field measurements performed with the WISDOM instrument.</p>

scholarly journals Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 3487
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Ivashov ◽  
Lorenzo Capineri ◽  
Timothy D. Bechtel ◽  
Vladimir V. Razevig ◽  
Masaharu Inagaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Security Screening ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is not currently in widespread usage. This is due to a historical perspective in the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) community that the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest and the inability to apply time-varying gain to the continuous-wave (CW) HSR signal preclude sufficient effective penetration depth. While it is true that the fundamental physics of HSR, with its use of a CW signal, does not allow amplification of later (i.e., deeper) arrivals in lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar (ISR)), HSR has distinct advantages. The most important of these is the ability to do shallow subsurface imaging with a resolution that is not possible with ISR. In addition, the design of an HSR system is simpler than for ISR due to the relatively low-tech transmitting and receiving antennae. This paper provides a review of the main principles of HSR through an optical analogy and describes possible algorithms for radar hologram reconstruction. We also present a review of the history of development of systems and applications of the RASCAN type, which is possibly the only commercially available holographic subsurface radar. Among the subsurface imaging and remote sensing applications considered are humanitarian demining, construction inspection, nondestructive testing of dielectric aerospace materials, surveys of historic architecture and artworks, paleontology, and security screening. Each application is illustrated with relevant data acquired in laboratory and/or field experiments.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a robust correlation-based true-speed-over-ground measurement system employing a FMCW radar

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 686-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Reissland ◽  
Bjoern Lenhart ◽  
Johann Lichtblau ◽  
Michael Sporer ◽  
Robert Weigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Radar Sensors ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Ground Measurement ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
24 Ghz

AbstractThis paper presents a novel approach for the determination of True-Speed-Over-Ground for trains. Speed determination is accomplished by correlating the received signals of two side-looking radar sensors. The theoretically achievable precision is derived. Test measurements are done in two different scenarios to give a proof of concept. Thereafter a series of field measurements is performed to rate the practical suitability of the approach. The results of the measurements are thoroughly evaluated. The test and field measurements are carried out using a 24 GHz frequency modulated continuous wave radar.

scholarly journals Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Ivashov ◽  
Lorenzo Capineri ◽  
Tim Bechtel ◽  
Masaharu Inagaki ◽  
Vladimir Razevig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Boring Insect ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is currently not in widespread usage. This is due to an historical perspective in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) community that the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest, and the inability to apply time-varying gain to the continuous wave (CW) HSR signal precludes sufficient effective penetration depth. While it is true that the fundamental physics of HSR, with its use of a CW signal, does not allow amplification of later (i.e. deeper) arrivals in lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar — ISR), HSR has distinct some distinctive advantages. The most important of these is the ability to do shallow subsurface imaging with a resolution that is not possible with ISR. In addition, the design of an HSR system is simpler than for ISR due to the relatively low-tech transmitting and receiving antennae. This paper provides a review of the main principles of HSR through an optical analogy and describes possible algorithms for radar hologram reconstruction. We also present a review of the history of development of systems and applications for HSR of the “RASCAN” type which is possibly the only holographic subsurface radar that is produced in lots. Among the subsurface imaging and remote sensing applications considered are humanitarian demining, construction inspection, surveys of historic architecture and artworks, nondestructive testing of dielectric aerospace materials, security applications, paleontology, detection of wood-boring insect damage, and others. Each application is illustrated with relevant data acquired in laboratory and/or field experiments.

scholarly journals Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Ivashov ◽  
Lorenzo Capineri ◽  
Tim Bechtel ◽  
Masaharu Inagaki ◽  
Vladimir Razevig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
High Attenuation ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
History Of ◽  
Boring Insect ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is currently not in widespread usage. This is due to an historical perspective in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) community that the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest, and the inability to apply time-varying gain to the continuous wave (CW) HSR signal precludes sufficient effective penetration depth. While it is true that the fundamental physics of HSR, with its use of a CW signal, does not allow amplification of later (i.e. deeper) arrivals in lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar — ISR), HSR has distinct some distinctive advantages. The most important of these is the ability to do shallow subsurface imaging with a resolution that is not possible with ISR. In addition, the design of an HSR system is simpler than for ISR due to the relatively low-tech transmitting and receiving antennae. This paper provides a review of the main principles of HSR through an optical analogy and describes possible algorithms for radar hologram reconstruction. We also present a review of the history of development of systems and applications for HSR of the “RASCAN” type which is possibly the only holographic subsurface radar that is produced in lots. Among the subsurface imaging and remote sensing applications considered are humanitarian demining, construction inspection, surveys of historic architecture and artworks, nondestructive testing of dielectric aerospace materials, security applications, paleontology, detection of wood-boring insect damage, and others. Each application is illustrated with relevant data acquired in laboratory and/or field experiments.

scholarly journals A Feasibility Study for Life Signs Monitoring via a Continuous-Wave Radar

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Soldovieri ◽  
Ilaria Catapano ◽  
Lorenzo Crocco ◽  
Lesya N. Anishchenko ◽  
Sergey I. Ivashov
Keyword(s):  
Data Processing ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Wave Radar

We present a feasibility study for life signs detection using a continuous-wave radar working in the band around 4 GHz. The data-processing is carried out by using two different data processing approaches, which are compared about the possibility to characterize the frequency behaviour of the breathing and heartbeat activity. The two approaches are used with the main aim to show the possibility of monitoring the vital signs activity in an accurate and reliable way.

scholarly journals Review article: Performance assessment of electromagnetic wave-based field sensors for SWE monitoring   

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Royer ◽  
Alexandre Roy ◽  
Sylvain Jutras ◽  
Alexandre Langlois
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Snow Water Equivalent ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
Satellite System ◽  
Fmcw Radar ◽  
Wave Radar ◽  
Global Navigation Satellite

Abstract. Continuous and spatially distributed data of snow mass (snow water equivalent, SWE) from automatic ground-based measurements are increasingly required for climate change studies and for hydrological applications (snow hydrological model improvement and data assimilation). We present and compare four new-generation non-invasive sensors that are based on electromagnetic waves for direct measurements of SWE: Cosmic Ray Neutron Probe (CNRP); Gamma Ray Monitoring (GMON) scintillator; frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar (FMCW-Radar) at 24 GHz; and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers for SWE retrieval. All four techniques are relatively low cost, have low power requirements, provide continuous and autonomous measurements, and can be installed in remote areas. Their operating principles are briefly summarized before examples of comparative measurements are provided. A performance review comparing their advantages, drawbacks and accuracies is discussed. Overall instrument accuracy is estimated to range between 9 and 15 %.

scholarly journals Design and Applications of Multi-Frequency Holographic Subsurface Radar: Review and Case Histories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey I. Ivashov ◽  
Lorenzo Capineri ◽  
Tim Bechtel ◽  
Masaharu Inagaki ◽  
Vladimir Razevig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Subsurface Imaging ◽  
Security Screening ◽  
Shallow Subsurface ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
History Of Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ground Penetrating

Holographic subsurface radar (HSR) is not currently not in widespread usage. This is due to an historical perspective in the ground penetrating radar (GPR) community that the high attenuation of electromagnetic waves in most media of interest, and the inability to apply timevarying gain to the continuous wave (CW) HSR signal precludes sufficient effective penetration depth. While it is true that the fundamental physics of HSR, with its use of a CW signal, does not allow amplification of later (i.e. deeper) arrivals in lossy media (as is possible with impulse subsurface radar — ISR), HSR has distinct advantages. The most important of these is the ability to do shallow subsurface imaging with a resolution that is not possible with ISR. In addition, the design of an HSR system is simpler than for ISR due to the relatively low-tech transmitting and receiving antennae. This paper provides a review of the main principles of HSR through an optical analogy and describes possible algorithms for radar hologram reconstruction. We also present a review of the history of development of systems and applications for HSR of the “RASCAN” type which is possibly the only commercially available holographic subsurface radars. Among the subsurface imaging and remote sensing applications considered are humanitarian demining, construction inspection, nondestructive testing of dielectric aerospace materials, surveys of historic architecture and artworks, paleontology, and security screening. Each application is illustrated with relevant data acquired in laboratory and/or field experiments.

REFLECTION COEFFICIENT OF AN ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE IN CONDUCTIVE MEDIA

2018 ◽  
pp. 100-106
Author(s):  
M. S. Sudakova ◽  
M. L. Vladov ◽  
M. R. Sadurtdinov
Keyword(s):  
Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Ground Penetrating Radar ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Water Contamination ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Direct And Inverse Problems ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ground Penetrating ◽  
Ideal Dielectric

Within the ground penetrating radar bandwidth the medium is considered to be an ideal dielectric, which is not always true. Electromagnetic waves reflection coefficient conductivity dependence showed a significant role of the difference in conductivity in reflection strength. It was confirmed by physical modeling. Conductivity of geological media should be taken into account when solving direct and inverse problems, survey design planning, etc. Ground penetrating radar can be used to solve the problem of mapping of halocline or determine water contamination.

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