Evaluation of the enzymatic activity and diversity of soil microorganism in Andean temperate forests degradation gradient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Atenas ◽  
Felipe Aburto ◽  
Rodrigo Hasbun ◽  
Carolina Merino
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Temperate Forests ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Forest Degradation ◽  
Soil Microorganism ◽  
Degraded Forest ◽  
Total N ◽  
Nothofagus Obliqua ◽  
Degraded Condition

<p>Soil microorganism are an essential component of forest ecosystem. Microbes and plant release enzymes that catalyse reactions needed to decomposed soil organic matter and crucial to release nutrient in available forms. Therefore, soil enzymes are relevant indicators of microbial activity and nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Anthropic disturbances in natural forest, such as logging and exotic livestock, modify the structure and composition of forest thereby altering the structure and activities of soil microbial communities.</p><p>Here we determine the effect of these disturbances on the enzymatic activity (Dehydrogenase-DHA; Phosphatase Acid-AP; Ureasa-UA) and the microbial diversity using a forest degradation gradient of native temperate forest dominated by Nothofagus dombeyi, Nothofagus obliqua and Nothofagus alpina. In addition we quantify C:N:P nutrient reservoirs, stoichiometry and available pools. Preliminary results suggest a higher activity of the DHA enzyme in degraded forest dominated by N. obliqua. AP and UA showed no relationship with the phosphorus and total nitrogen reservoirs. Forest degradation modify microbial communities, C:N:P stoichiometry, total and available nutrient pools, where the biggest pool of total C and N was registered on low degraded condition and decrease as degradation condition increase from medium to high degraded forest (74.44%; 65.35%; 48.05% for total C and 3.71; 3.41; 3.24 for total N respectively). Inverse relation was registered for total P pool were the highest pool was registered on high degraded condition (14963ppm; 13092ppm and 11299ppm from high to low degraded condition). Degraded sites were dominated mainly by members of Gammaproteobacteria, Alfaproteobacteria, Acidobacteria and Bacteroidia. Chitinophagaceae and Burkholderiacea were not detected in degraded plots, which suggest that some of the specialised functions carried by this groups could be lost. With respect to fungi Ascomycota and Basidomicota Phylum dominated the soil profiles. A species of the genus Clonostachys (Bionectriaceae) was identified, an endophyte fungus that acts as a saprophyte, also known to be a parasite of other fungi and some nematodes.</p><p>This research contributes to a better understanding of the direct effects of anthropic disturbances on the biogeochemical functioning of temperate forests and their relationship to the activity and composition of microbial communities.</p><p>Acknowledgment: Proyecto Reforestación Enel – UdeC</p>

scholarly journals   Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Li ◽  
A.N. Zhu ◽  
X.K. Zhang ◽  
H.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
North China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G<sup>+</sup>/G<sup>&ndash;</sup> bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Soil-Borne Microbial Functional Structure across Different Land Uses

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiko E. Kuramae ◽  
Jizhong Z. Zhou ◽  
George A. Kowalchuk ◽  
Johannes A. van Veen
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Functional Structure ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Carbon Degradation

Land use change alters the structure and composition of microbial communities. However, the links between environmental factors and microbial functions are not well understood. Here we interrogated the functional structure of soil microbial communities across different land uses. In a multivariate regression tree analysis of soil physicochemical properties and genes detected by functional microarrays, the main factor that explained the different microbial community functional structures was C : N ratio. C : N ratio showed a significant positive correlation with clay and soil pH. Fields with low C : N ratio had an overrepresentation of genes for carbon degradation, carbon fixation, metal reductase, and organic remediation categories, while fields with high C : N ratio had an overrepresentation of genes encoding dissimilatory sulfate reductase, methane oxidation, nitrification, and nitrogen fixation. The most abundant genes related to carbon degradation comprised bacterial and fungal cellulases; bacterial and fungal chitinases; fungal laccases; and bacterial, fungal, and oomycete polygalacturonases. The high number of genes related to organic remediation was probably driven by high phosphate content, while the high number of genes for nitrification was probably explained by high total nitrogen content. The functional gene diversity found in different soils did not group the sites accordingly to land management. Rather, the soil factors, C : N ratio, phosphate, and total N, were the main factors driving the differences in functional genes across the fields examined.

Bacteria but not fungi respond to soil acidification rapidly and consistently in both a spruce and beech forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Choma ◽  
Karolina Tahovská ◽  
Eva Kaštovská ◽  
Jiří Bárta ◽  
Michal Růžek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Extracellular Enzymes ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Beech Forest ◽  
N Deposition ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity

ABSTRACT Anthropogenically enhanced atmospheric sulphur (S) and nitrogen (N) deposition has acidified and eutrophied forest ecosystems worldwide. However, both S and N mechanisms have an impact on microbial communities and the consequences for microbially driven soil functioning differ. We conducted a two-forest stand (Norway spruce and European beech) field experiment involving acidification (sulphuric acid addition) and N (ammonium nitrate) loading and their combination. For 4 years, we monitored separate responses of soil microbial communities to the treatments and investigated the relationship to changes in the activity of extracellular enzymes. We observed that acidification selected for acidotolerant and oligotrophic taxa of Acidobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased bacterial community richness and diversity in both stands in parallel, disregarding their original dissimilarities in soil chemistry and composition of microbial communities. The shifts in bacterial community influenced the stoichiometry and magnitude of enzymatic activity. The bacterial response to experimental N addition was much weaker, likely due to historically enhanced N availability. Fungi were not influenced by any treatment during 4-year manipulation. We suggest that in the onset of acidification when fungi remain irresponsive, bacterial reaction might govern the changes in soil enzymatic activity.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on the biomass of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in subtropical China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 4815-4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Tao Zou ◽  
Liang Kou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The nitrate to ammonium ratios in nitrogen (N) compounds in wet atmospheric deposits have increased over the recent past, which is a cause for some concern as the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities are still poorly defined. We established a field experiment and applied ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) at monthly intervals over a period of 4 years. We collected soil samples from the ammonium and nitrate treatments and control plots in three different seasons, namely spring, summer, and fall, to evaluate the how the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities responded to the ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) applications. Our results showed that the total contents of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased by 24 and 11 % in the ammonium and nitrate treatments, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium on Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA contents ranged from 14 to 40 % across the three seasons. We also observed that the absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases were inhibited by ammonium and nitrate, but that nitrate had stronger inhibitory effects on the activities of acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium. The activities of N-acquisition specific enzymes (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA contents) were about 21 and 43 % lower in the ammonium and nitrate treatments than in the control, respectively. However, the activities of P-acquisition specific enzymes were about 19 % higher in the ammonium treatment than in the control. Using redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that the measured C, N, and P hydrolysis and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with the soil pH and ammonium contents, but were negatively correlated with the nitrate contents. The PLFA biomarker contents were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but were negatively correlated with the ammonium contents. The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally, and were highest in March and lowest in October. In contrast, the contents of the microbial PLFA biomarkers were higher in October than in March and June. Ammonium may inhibit the contents of PLFA biomarkers more strongly than nitrate because of acidification. This study has provided useful information about the effects of ammonium and nitrate on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Ammonium and nitrate additions differentially affect soil microbial biomass of different communities and enzyme activities in slash pine plantation in subtropical China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Tao Zou ◽  
Liang Kou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Plfa

Abstract. The ratios of nitrate to ammonium in wet atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition compounds were increasing recently. However, the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities are still unclear. We conducted a four-year N addition field experiment to evaluate the responses of soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities to ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) additions. Our results showed that (1) the inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on total mass of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were stronger than those of nitrate additions. Both decreased total PLFA mass about 24 % and 11 %, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on gram positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes (A), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA mass ranged from 14 %–40 %. (2) Both ammonium and nitrate additions inhibited absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases, and nitrate additions had stronger inhibition effects on the acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium additions. Both ammonium and nitrate additions decreased N-acquisition specific enzyme activities (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA mass) about 21 % or 43 %, respectively. However, ammonium additions increased P-acquisition specific enzyme activities about 19 % comparing to control. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the measured C, N, and P hydrolyses and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with soil pH and ammonium contents, but negatively with nitrate contents; the mass of PLFA biomarkers were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but negatively with ammonium contents. (4) The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally in the order of March > June > October. On the contrary, microbial PLFA mass was higher in October than in March and June. Our results concluded that inhibition of mass of PLFA biomarkers and enzyme activities might be contributed to acidification caused by ammonium addition. Soil absolute enzyme activities were inhibited indirectly by acidification and nitrification, but specific enzyme activities normalized by PLFA were directly affected by N additions. It was meaningful to separate the effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Restoration Time on Microbial Diversity in Rhizosphere and Non-Rhizosphere Soil of Bothriochloa ischaemum

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Jia ◽  
Miaowen Cao ◽  
Ruihong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Transfer Factor ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Bothriochloa Ischaemum ◽  
Total N ◽  
Restoration Time

There is well-documented evidence that shows phytoremediation and restoration methods affect physical and chemical properties, enzyme activities, and microbial communities of soil. In this study, we investigated the response of soil microbial communities to restoration time. We found that arsenic content decreased gradually as restoration progressed. Total carbon (C) in shoots and total nitrogen (N) in roots of B. ischaemum both exhibited increasing trends with an increase in restoration time. The transfer factor of chromium was negatively correlated to C in shoots and positively correlated to sulfur in roots. Additionally, the transfer factor of lead had a remarkably positive correlation to the C/N ratio of roots. For soil enzymes, total N in soil was positively correlated to catalase and urease but negatively correlated to sucrose. Moreover, bulk soil bacterial composition was positively correlated to catalase, sucrase and phosphatase while fungal diversity was positively correlated to sucrose. This study found that restoration time plays the most significant role in bacterial and fungal composition and bacterial diversity, but it has no effect on fungal diversity in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil. In addition, the driving factors of microbial composition and diversity varied in rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soil among the different restoration time treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document