scholarly journals   Effects of tillage and residue management on soil microbial communities in North China

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Wang ◽  
X.Y. Li ◽  
A.N. Zhu ◽  
X.K. Zhang ◽  
H.W. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
North China ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial

The impacts of tillage system (conventional tillage and no-tillage) and residue management (0, 50, and 100%) on soil properties and soil microbial community structure were determined in the Fengqiu State Key Agro-Ecological Experimental Station, North China. The microbial community structure was investigated by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles. The results showed that tillage had significant effects on soil properties and soil microbial communities. In no-tillage (NT), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), total N, microbial biomass carbon/soil organic carbon (MBC/SOC), total microbes, and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi increased, while actinomycetes, G<sup>+</sup>/G<sup>&ndash;</sup> bacteria ratio and monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids (MUFA/STFA) decreased, compared with those in conventional tillage (CT). Residue had a significant positive effect on C/N ratio and MUFA/STFA. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that tillage explained 76.1%, and residue management explained 0.6% of the variations in soil microbial communities, respectively. Soil microbial communities were significantly correlated with MBC, total N, C/N ratio and MBC/SOC. Among the six treatments, NT with 100% residue application obviously improved soil microbiological properties, and could be a proper management practice in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain of China. &nbsp;

Effects of ciprofloxacin on microbial biomass carbon and carbon metabolism diversity of soil microbial communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1506-1512 ◽  
Author(s):  
马驿 MA Yi ◽  
彭金菊 PENG Jinju ◽  
王芸 WANG Yun ◽  
陈法霖 CHEN Falin ◽  
陈进军 CHEN Jinjun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Metabolism ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial

Effect of tillage and residue management on dynamic of soil microbial biomass carbon

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1308-1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
庞绪 PANG Xu ◽  
何文清 HE Wenqing ◽  
严昌荣 YAN Changrong ◽  
刘恩科 LIU Enke ◽  
刘爽 LIU Shuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass Carbon

Microbial properties in European arable soils with different tillage systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah Linsler ◽  
Jacqueline Gerigk ◽  
Ilka Schmoock ◽  
Rainer Georg Jörgensen ◽  
Martin Potthoff
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Biomass Carbon ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Tillage Practices

&lt;p&gt;Reduced tillage is assumed to be a suitable practice to maintain and promote microbial biomass and microbial activity in the soil. The microbial biomass in particular is considered as a sensitive indicator for detecting soil disturbances. The objective of this study was to quantify the influence of different tillage practices on microbial parameters in the soil. Furthermore, we analyzed the relation of those microbial parameters with site-specific conditions.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;To get a deeper insight in that topic, soils from different fields of agricultural farms with different tillage practices in France (12 fields), Romania (15 fields) and Sweden (17 fields) were examined within the &amp;#8220;SoilMan project&amp;#8221;. The tillage practices were no-tillage (absence of any tillage), minimum tillage (non-inversion tillage for instance by chisel plough or cultivator) and conventional tillage (inversion tillage by ploughing), all of which were carried out for at least five years prior to sampling. Soil samples were taken in spring 2018 from all fields under winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) at three soil depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm). As microbial parameters we measured microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen contents, ergosterol contents (as proxy for fungi) and basal respiration rates. For site-specific conditions we measured soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents, texture, pH and the soil water content.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Results show that microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen were more affected by soil type and soil texture as well as climatic conditions (mean precipitation and temperature) than by tillage practices. For instance, an increased clay content had a positive effect on the microbial biomass and, in addition to the higher average annual temperature, explained the generally low values &amp;#8203;&amp;#8203;in France. The lack of inversion tillage primarily led to stratified levels of soil organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon and ergosterol contents, which can be explained by the lack of crop residue incorporation. There were hardly any differences in microbial indicators between the tillage intensities when looking at the whole of the sampled soil profile (0-30 cm). In France, the microbial biomass carbon / soil organic carbon ratio was lower for no-tillage than for conventional tillage, which may indicate, among other things, that the mechanically ground organic matter incorporated into the soil under conventional tillage was better colonized by microorganisms. However, this effect could not be confirmed in the other countries. The metabolic quotient was generally increased at the lowest sampled depth (20-30 cm), irrespective of the cultivation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We can conclude that the soil tillage intensity influenced the distribution of microbial biomass carbon and soil organic carbon contents more strongly than the total amounts in the sampled soil profile and that the soil texture had a greater impact on microbial soil properties than the agricultural management practice.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Effects of Wildfire and Harvest Disturbances on Forest Soil Bacterial Communities

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy R. Smith ◽  
Barbara E. Kishchuk ◽  
William W. Mohn
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

ABSTRACT Wildfires and harvesting are important disturbances to forest ecosystems, but their effects on soil microbial communities are not well characterized and have not previously been compared directly. This study was conducted at sites with similar soil, climatic, and other properties in a spruce-dominated boreal forest near Chisholm, Alberta, Canada. Soil microbial communities were assessed following four treatments: control, harvest, burn, and burn plus timber salvage (burn-salvage). Burn treatments were at sites affected by a large wildfire in May 2001, and the communities were sampled 1 year after the fire. Microbial biomass carbon decreased 18%, 74%, and 53% in the harvest, burn, and burn-salvage treatments, respectively. Microbial biomass nitrogen decreased 25% in the harvest treatment, but increased in the burn treatments, probably because of microbial assimilation of the increased amounts of available NH4 + and NO3 − due to burning. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by nonparametric ordination of molecular fingerprint data of 119 samples from both ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (RISA) and rRNA gene denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis. On the basis of multiresponse permutation procedures, community composition was significantly different among all treatments, with the greatest differences between the two burned treatments versus the two unburned treatments. The sequencing of DNA bands from RISA fingerprints revealed distinct distributions of bacterial divisions among the treatments. Gamma- and Alphaproteobacteria were highly characteristic of the unburned treatments, while Betaproteobacteria and members of Bacillus were highly characteristic of the burned treatments. Wildfire had distinct and more pronounced effects on the soil microbial community than did harvesting.

scholarly journals Tillage practices and residue management manipulate soil bacterial and fungal assembly and co-occurrence network patterns in maize agroecosystem

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Yang ◽  
Yupeng Guan ◽  
Cheng Zhai ◽  
Lin Du ◽  
Yanxiang Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Deep Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Soil Bacterial ◽  
Network Patterns ◽  
Residue Retention

Abstract Background: Tillage practices and residue management are highly important agricultural practices. However, very few studies have examined the influence of tillage practices and residue management on both bacterial and fungal communities and network patterns in consecutive years. Results: We examined the effects of different tillage practices, including no tillage, rotary tillage, and deep tillage, on the soil bacterial and fungal communities and co-occurrence networks following residue removal and residue retention in 2017 and 2018. This study showed that both bacterial and fungal communities were unaffected by tillage practices in 2017, but they were significantly influenced in 2018. In addition, soil fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness was significantly enhanced by deep tillage compared with no tillage in 2018, while bacterial OTU richness was unaffected in either year. Tillage practices had differing effects on the soil microbial network patterns, with rotary and deep tillage increasing the complexity of bacterial networks but simplifying fungal networks. However, residue retention only induced a shift in the fungal community in 2018 without an obvious effect in the bacterial community in both years. In addition, residue retention simplified soil bacterial and fungal networks in 2018. Conclusions: This study highlighted the dissimilar responses of bacterial and fungal networks to tillage practices and emphasized that tillage practice is more important than residue management in shaping soil microbial communities.

Significant effects on soil microbial communities were not detected after strategic tillage following 44 years of conventional or no-tillage management

Pedobiologia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 80 ◽  
pp. 150640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian A. Rincon-Florez ◽  
Lilia C. Carvalhais ◽  
Yash P. Dang ◽  
Mark H. Crawford ◽  
Peer M. Schenk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on the biomass of soil microbial communities and enzyme activities in subtropical China

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 4815-4827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Tao Zou ◽  
Liang Kou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
The Individual

Abstract. The nitrate to ammonium ratios in nitrogen (N) compounds in wet atmospheric deposits have increased over the recent past, which is a cause for some concern as the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities are still poorly defined. We established a field experiment and applied ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) at monthly intervals over a period of 4 years. We collected soil samples from the ammonium and nitrate treatments and control plots in three different seasons, namely spring, summer, and fall, to evaluate the how the biomass of different soil microbial communities and enzyme activities responded to the ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) applications. Our results showed that the total contents of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) decreased by 24 and 11 % in the ammonium and nitrate treatments, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium on Gram-positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA contents ranged from 14 to 40 % across the three seasons. We also observed that the absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases were inhibited by ammonium and nitrate, but that nitrate had stronger inhibitory effects on the activities of acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium. The activities of N-acquisition specific enzymes (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA contents) were about 21 and 43 % lower in the ammonium and nitrate treatments than in the control, respectively. However, the activities of P-acquisition specific enzymes were about 19 % higher in the ammonium treatment than in the control. Using redundancy analysis (RDA), we found that the measured C, N, and P hydrolysis and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with the soil pH and ammonium contents, but were negatively correlated with the nitrate contents. The PLFA biomarker contents were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but were negatively correlated with the ammonium contents. The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally, and were highest in March and lowest in October. In contrast, the contents of the microbial PLFA biomarkers were higher in October than in March and June. Ammonium may inhibit the contents of PLFA biomarkers more strongly than nitrate because of acidification. This study has provided useful information about the effects of ammonium and nitrate on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Ammonium and nitrate additions differentially affect soil microbial biomass of different communities and enzyme activities in slash pine plantation in subtropical China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuang Zhang ◽  
Xin-Yu Zhang ◽  
Hong-Tao Zou ◽  
Liang Kou ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Specific Enzyme ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Total Plfa

Abstract. The ratios of nitrate to ammonium in wet atmosphere nitrogen (N) deposition compounds were increasing recently. However, the individual effects of nitrate and ammonium deposition on soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities are still unclear. We conducted a four-year N addition field experiment to evaluate the responses of soil microbial communities biomass and enzyme activities to ammonium (NH4Cl) and nitrate (NaNO3) additions. Our results showed that (1) the inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on total mass of phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) were stronger than those of nitrate additions. Both decreased total PLFA mass about 24 % and 11 %, respectively. The inhibitory effects of ammonium additions on gram positive bacteria (G+) and bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes (A), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) PLFA mass ranged from 14 %–40 %. (2) Both ammonium and nitrate additions inhibited absolute activities of C, N, and P hydrolyses and oxidases, and nitrate additions had stronger inhibition effects on the acid phosphatase (AP) than ammonium additions. Both ammonium and nitrate additions decreased N-acquisition specific enzyme activities (enzyme activities normalized by total PLFA mass) about 21 % or 43 %, respectively. However, ammonium additions increased P-acquisition specific enzyme activities about 19 % comparing to control. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the measured C, N, and P hydrolyses and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activities were positively correlated with soil pH and ammonium contents, but negatively with nitrate contents; the mass of PLFA biomarkers were positively correlated with soil pH, soil organic carbon (SOC), and total N contents, but negatively with ammonium contents. (4) The soil enzyme activities varied seasonally in the order of March > June > October. On the contrary, microbial PLFA mass was higher in October than in March and June. Our results concluded that inhibition of mass of PLFA biomarkers and enzyme activities might be contributed to acidification caused by ammonium addition. Soil absolute enzyme activities were inhibited indirectly by acidification and nitrification, but specific enzyme activities normalized by PLFA were directly affected by N additions. It was meaningful to separate the effects of ammonium and nitrate additions on soil microbial communities and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Cover crop-driven shifts in soil microbial communities could modulate tomato early crop growth via plant-soil feedbacks

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micaela Tosi ◽  
John Drummelsmith ◽  
Dasiel Obregón ◽  
Inderjot Chahal ◽  
Laura L. Van Eerd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Plant Soil

Abstract Sustainable agricultural practices such as crop diversification, cover crops and residue retention are increasingly applied to counteract detrimental effects of agriculture on natural resources. Since part of their effects occur via changes soil microbial communities, it is critical to understand how these respond to different practices. Our study analyzed five cover crop (cc) treatments (oat, rye, radish, rye-radish mixture and no-cc control) and two crop residue management strategies (retention/R+ or removal/R-) in an 8-year diverse horticultural crop rotation trial from ON, Canada. Cc effects were small but stronger than those of residue management. Radish-based cover crops tended to be the most beneficial for both microbial abundance and richness, yet detrimental for fungal evenness. Cc species, in particular radish, also shaped fungal and, to a lesser extent, prokaryotic community composition. Crop residues modulated cc effects on bacterial abundance and fungal evenness (i.e., more sensitive in R- than R+), as well as microbial taxa. Several microbial structure features, some affected by cc, were correlated with early tomato growth in the following spring (e.g., composition, taxa within Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Ascomycota). Our study suggests that, whereas mid-term cc effects were small, they need to be better understood as they could be influencing crop productivity via plant-soil feedbacks.

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