Spatio temporal visualization of soil critical sources areas to assess the dynamics of source pollution in agricultural management practices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Uribe ◽  
Gerald A Corzo P
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Precise Determination ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
Critical Source Areas ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Sources Of Pollution ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
The Impact

<p>Spatio temporal visualization of soil critical sources areas to assess the dynamics of source pollution in agricultural management practices</p><p>always changes aim at the reduction of nutrient pollution. Critical identification of areas that are the sources of pollution is crucial for identifying which practices provide the most substantial contamination. The dynamics of agricultural practices are complex and the precise determination of pollution concentration requires a comprehensive model. In this research, we present the results of analysing via a new visualisation technique were the critical source areas using a spatiotemporal methodology that allows for a georeferenced identification of changes. The proposed method in this research used a radial diagram to evaluate the changes in regions of pollution and makes a radial diagram formulation of intensities, location and frequency. For this location and intensity identification, a clustering process, using the Non-contiguous drought areas method and the Contrigous drought area method. This clustering groups by first mapping in one dimension the threshold that defines a change in the state of the CSA, and then groups if by its neighbours and soil characteristics. To obtain a spatially distributed data, a SWAT model was set up for two types of crops, mainly potato and tomato tree, aside, we added also Kikuyu grass as it is one of the most important in the region. The simulation period for our experiment was in an area of 103434 Ha, using daily data from 1995 to 2015.  Two steps calibration was done, first with streamflow and second with an analysis of monthly nutrients. Results show a definite change in location, which will imply that a significant error could be present if the spatiotemporal relation is not analysed. The current work is part of a PhD thesis and the partial results presented here contribute to a broader formulation of the optimisation of agricultural practices to reduce the impact of the Critical Source Areas in nutrients pollution. </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Identification of Critical Source Areas of Nitrogen Load in the Miyun Reservoir Watershed under Different Hydrological Conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingzhuang Guo ◽  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Lili Zhou ◽  
Charles Melching ◽  
Zeqi Li
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Vegetation Coverage ◽  
Left Bank ◽  
Cultivated Land ◽  
Forest Land ◽  
Critical Source Areas ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Hydrological Conditions

The spatiotemporal distribution of critical source areas (CSAs) will change with hydrological conditions. In this study, the CSAs of nitrogen load under different hydrological conditions in the Chaohe River watershed were identified using the cumulative pollution load curve method determined from the nitrogen pollution simulated using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The results showed that: (1) The order of factors impacting nitrogen load intensity is as follows: fertilization intensity, rainfall, runoff, land use type, slope type, and soil type. (2) The primary and secondary CSAs are concentrated in the upper and lower areas of the watershed, where cultivated land (8.36%) and grassland (52.55%) are more abundant. The potential pollution source areas are concentrated in the upper and middle areas of the watershed, where cultivated land (6.99%), grassland (42.37%), and forest land (48.18%) are evenly distributed. The low-risk source areas are concentrated in the middle and left bank of the watershed, where forest land (67.65%) is dominant and the vegetation coverage is highest. The research results have significance for improving the accuracy of the implementation of best management practices, and can provide a reference for the formulation of drinking water protection policies for Beijing.

Application of the SWAT model to assess the impact of changes in agricultural management practices on water quality

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Epelde ◽  
I. Cerro ◽  
J. M. Sánchez-Pérez ◽  
S. Sauvage ◽  
R. Srinivasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Agricultural Management ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Assessment of alternative land management practices using hydrological simulation and a decision support tool: Arborea agricultural region, Sardinia

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1811-1823 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Cau ◽  
C. Paniconi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Hydrological Simulation ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Quantifying the impact of land use on water supply and quality is a primary focus of environmental management. In this work we apply a semidistributed hydrological model (SWAT) to predict the impact of different land management practices on water and agricultural chemical yield over a long period of time for a study site situated in the Arborea region of central Sardinia, Italy. The physical processes associated with water movement, crop growth, and nutrient cycling are directly modeled by SWAT. The model simulations are used to identify indicators that reflect critical processes related to the integrity and sustainability of the ecosystem. Specifically we focus on stream quality and quantity indicators associated with anthropogenic and natural sources of pollution. A multicriteria decision support system is then used to develop the analysis matrix where water quality and quantity indicators for the rivers, lagoons, and soil are combined with socio-economic variables. The DSS is used to assess four options involving alternative watersheds designated for intensive agriculture and dairy farming and the use or not of treated wastewater for irrigation. Our analysis suggests that of the four options, the most widely acceptable consists in the transfer of intensive agricultural practices to the larger watershed, which is less vulnerable, in tandem with wastewater reuse, which rates highly due to water scarcity in this region of the Mediterranean. More generally, the work demonstrates how both qualitative and quantitative methods and information can assist decision making in complex settings.

scholarly journals Application of the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) model in the Ronnea catchment of Sweden

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Daily Step ◽  
Calibration And Validation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Assessment ◽  
Soil And Water

The subject of this article is the estimation of quantitative (hydrological) and qualitative parameters in the catchment of Ronnea (1800 Km2, located in south western Sweden) through the application of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). SWAT is a river basin model that was developed for the U.S.D.A. Agricultural Research Service, by the Blackland Research Center in Texas. The SWAT model is a widely known tool that has been used in several cases world-wide. It has the ability to predict the impact of land management practices on water, sediment and agricultural chemical yield in large complex watersheds. The present work investigates certain capabilities of the SWAT model which have not identified up to now. More in specific, the main targets of the work carried out are the following: • Identification of the existing hydrological and qualitative conditions • Preparation - Processing of data required to be used as input data of the model • Hydrological calibration - validation of the model, in 7 subbasins of the Catchment of Ronnea • Estimation and evaluation of the simulated qualitative parameters of the model All available data were offered by the relevant Institutes of Sweden, in the framework of the European program EUROHARP. The existing conditions in the catchment of Ronnea, are described in detail including topography, land uses, soil types, pollution sources, agricultural management practices, precipitation, temperature, wind speed, humidity, solar radiation as well as observed discharges and Nitrogen and Phosphorus substances concentrations. Most of the above data were used as input data for the application of SWAT model. Adequate methods were also used to complete missing values in time series and estimate additional parameters (such as soil parameters) required by the model. Hydrological calibration and validation took place for each outlet of the 7 subbasins of Ronnea catchment in an annual, monthly and daily step. The calibration was achieved by estimating parameters related to ground water movement and evaluating convergence between simulated and observed discharges by using mainly the Nash & Sutcliffe coefficient (NTD). Through the sensitivity analysis, main parameters of the hydrological simulation, were detected. According to the outputs of the SWAT model, the water balance of Ronnea catchment was also estimated. Hydrological calibration and validation is generally considered sufficient in an annual and monthly step. Hydrological calibration – validation in daily step, generally does not lead to high values of the NTD indicator. However, when compared to results obtained by the use of SWAT in Greece, a relatively high value of NTD is achieved in one subbasin. Finally, a comparison between the simulated and observed concentrations of total Phosphorus and Nitrogen was carried out.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Best Management Practices in a Highly Anthropogenic and Ungauged Watershed Using the SWAT Model: A Case Study in the El Beal Watershed (Southeast Spain)

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 576 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián López-Ballesteros ◽  
Javier Senent-Aparicio ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan ◽  
Julio Pérez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Lagoon ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Swat Model ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Check Dam ◽  
Best Management ◽  
The Impact

Best management practices (BMPs) provide a feasible solution for non-point source pollution problems. High sediment and nutrient yields without retention control result in environmental deterioration of surrounding areas. In the present study, the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model was developed for El Beal watershed, an anthropogenic and ungauged basin located in the southeast of Spain that drains into a coastal lagoon of high environmental value. The effectiveness of five BMPs (contour planting, filter strips, reforestation, fertilizer application and check dam restoration) was quantified, both individually and in combination, to test their impact on sediment and nutrient reduction. For calibration and validation processes, actual evapotranspiration (AET) data obtained from a remote sensing dataset called Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM) were used. The SWAT model achieved good performance in the calibration period, with statistical values of 0.78 for Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), 0.81 for coefficient of determination (R2), 0.58 for Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and 3.9% for percent bias (PBIAS), as well as in the validation period (KGE = 0.67, R2 = 0.83, NS = 0.53 and PBIAS = −25.3%). The results show that check dam restoration is the most effective BMP with a reduction of 90% in sediment yield (S), 15% in total nitrogen (TN) and 22% in total phosphorus (TP) at the watershed scale, followed by reforestation (S = 27%, TN = 16% and TP = 20%). All effectiveness values improved when BMPs were assessed in combination. The outcome of this study could provide guidance for decision makers in developing possible solutions for environmental problems in a coastal lagoon.

Identification of Nutrients Critical Source Areas with SWAT Model under Limited Data Condition

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Imani ◽  
Majid Delavar ◽  
Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan
Keyword(s):  
Swat Model ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Critical Source Areas ◽  
Source Areas

scholarly journals Documenting the Welfare and Role of Working Equids in Rural Communities of Portugal and Spain

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Haddy ◽  
Joao B. Rodrigues ◽  
Zoe Raw ◽  
Faith Burden ◽  
Leanne Proops
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Transfer Of Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Working Equids

Recently, the need for a more holistic approach to welfare assessment has been highlighted. This is particularly pertinent in the case of working equids who provide vital support for human livelihoods, often in low- to middle-income countries, yet suffer from globally low standards of welfare. This study aimed to provide insight into the welfare status and traditional use of working equids in rural Western European communities using the new EARS welfare tool, designed to provide a broad view of the welfare of working equids and the context in which they are found. Other questions on the topics of equid management practices, social transmission of expertise, environmental stressors, and traditions, alongside physical and behavioural welfare assessments were also included to explore the impact of these wide-ranging factors on an understudied population of working equids. The protocol was trialled on 60 working equid owners from communities in Portugal and Spain where, despite the decline in traditional agricultural practices and livestock keeping, donkeys and mules remain working animals. Many owners stated that the help donkeys provided was invaluable, and donkeys were considered to be important for both farming and daily life. However, participants also recognised that the traditional agricultural way of life was dying out, providing insights into the traditional practices, community structure, and beliefs of equid owners. Questions investigating the social networks and social transfer of information within the villages were effective in finding local sources of equid knowledge. Overall, welfare was deemed fair, and the protocol enabled the identification of the most prevalent welfare problems within the communities studied, in this case obesity and the use of harmful practices. The findings suggest that the new protocol was feasible and detail how contextual factors may influence equid welfare. Increasing understanding of the cultural context, social structure, and attitudes within a community, alongside more traditional investigations of working practices and animal management, may, in the future, help to make equid welfare initiatives more effective.

Implementation of best management practices in agriculture: modelling and monitoring of impacts on nitrogen leaching

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Joelsson ◽  
K. Kyllmar
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Nitrogen Leaching ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Indexing Technique ◽  
The Impact

In Kattegat and the coastal water of the Baltic Sea, high nitrogen input from agricultural land is considered to be the main reason for eutrophication. International agreements and governmental programs have set a target to reduce the anthropogenic nitrogen load by 50 percent. Improved nitrogen removal in treatment plants and efforts in agriculture have so far not decreased nitrogen transport to a sufficient extent. In this project the impact of agricultural practices on nitrogen leaching was investigated in two small agricultural catchments in Southwest Sweden. The root-zone leaching was estimated by an indexing technique. Simultaneously the transports in the stream outlets were monitored. During 1995 and 1999 the agricultural practices in the catchments were surveyed. Field data from the first survey indicated that fertilisation did not always match crop requirements, the area of undersown catch crop can be increased and autumn cultivation can be reduced. The second survey was preceded by an advisory campaign where each farmer was visited and presented with an environmental plan including fertilisation, cultivation, and crop rotation for the farm. The plan summarised the best management practices that could be realised under actual conditions. Results from the second survey showed that some changes in the agricultural practices were carried out after the advisory campaign. The nitrogen leaching from the root-zone was then estimated by the indexing technique, both for the time before and after the advisory program. The results showed that the estimated nitrogen leaching, as a mean value for 330 fields, decreased from 53 to 50 kgN ha−1, due to adjustments of the agricultural practices. Monitoring of stream transports showed values of the same magnitude after correction for retention and other sources. In this short time perspective, decreases in transport due to changes in agricultural practices could not be separated from influence of weather conditions. In comparison to results from the Swedish monitoring programme for agriculture, the measured transports were normal for the region, where annual variation in precipitation and runoff is large. Theoretically, nitrogen leaching could be reduced by one third without any major economic constraints for the farmers. In general, the farmers were positive to advice and willing to try new farming techniques even if some measurements were not fully implemented during the investigation period.

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