The analysis of heterogeneity and frequency of extreme storms under urban settings: A case study in Shanghai City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhengzheng Zhou ◽  
Qi Zhuang ◽  
Shuguang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Urban Floods ◽  
Extreme Storm ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Shanghai City ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Cities are increasingly vulnerable to extreme hydro-meteorological disasters, like rainfall-generated flooding. The urban floods lead to devastating damage to property and loss of human life. Extreme storms, which is the major trigger of urban flooding, thus need to be carefully examined. Our previous studies have found an increase of large rainfall intensity and variability in Shanghai City, China. In this study, we will further explore: 1) the change of spatio-temporal heterogeneity and frequency of extreme storms over decades; 2) the association between urbanization and these changes. We first extract the extreme storm catalogs for various time scales. The characteristics of space-time structure of storms in these storm catalogs are examined by using spatial analysis methods. The interannual variation of rainfall space-time structure are investigated. By using the strategy of Stochastic Storm Transposition (SST), extreme storm frequencies are generated. Various storm frequencies with different storms catalogs are then compared to show the change of magnitude of extreme storms frequencies. The correlation between the process of urbanization and the change of extreme storms is analyzed from the statistical perspective. From these results, we will have a clearer understanding of urban extreme storms and provide important implementations for assessment of flood risks in urban areas.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-Criteria, Co-Evolutionary Charging Behavior: An Agent-Based Simulation of Urban Electromobility

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Lennart Adenaw ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
User Behavior ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Simulation Framework ◽  
Agent Based Simulation ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Spatio Temporal

In order to electrify the transport sector, scores of charging stations are needed to incentivize people to buy electric vehicles. In urban areas with a high charging demand and little space, decision-makers are in need of planning tools that enable them to efficiently allocate financial and organizational resources to the promotion of electromobility. As with many other city planning tasks, simulations foster successful decision-making. This article presents a novel agent-based simulation framework for urban electromobility aimed at the analysis of charging station utilization and user behavior. The approach presented here employs a novel co-evolutionary learning model for adaptive charging behavior. The simulation framework is tested and verified by means of a case study conducted in the city of Munich. The case study shows that the presented approach realistically reproduces charging behavior and spatio-temporal charger utilization.

Space-time structure of auroral radio absorption events observed with the imaging riometer at south pole

Radio Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 925-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Hargreaves ◽  
D. L. Detrick ◽  
T. J. Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
Space Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
South Pole ◽  
Space Time Structure

scholarly journals SPACE–TIME STRUCTURE AND SPINOR GEOMETRY

2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEORGE SZEKERES ◽  
LINDSAY PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Cosmological Solution ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Variation Principle ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Covering Group ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Spinor Geometry ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Particle Solution

AbstractThe structure of space–time is examined by extending the standard Lorentz connection group to its complex covering group, operating on a 16-dimensional “spinor” frame. A Hamiltonian variation principle is used to derive the field equations for the spinor connection. The result is a complete set of field equations which allow the sources of the gravitational and electromagnetic fields, and the intrinsic spin of a particle, to appear as a manifestation of the space–time structure. A cosmological solution and a simple particle solution are examined. Further extensions to the connection group are proposed.

Space‐time structure as a property derived from the operation of consciousness at the quantum-classical boundary

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Liang Shan
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Problem ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Space Structure ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Space Time Structure ◽  
Classical Boundary ◽  
Microscopic World ◽  
Near Death Experiences

The space‐time is empirically perceived as a pre-existing property of the universe. However, a special kind of perception that takes place in near-death-experiences (NDEs) is challenging this idea. Here, I will illustrate how understanding of this particular state of consciousness (named the bodiless consciousness) helps us re-think the space‐time structure of the physical world. I first speculate that the bodiless consciousness perceives the physical world as nonlocal 4D. I then propose that the space‐time is a “derived” feature subsequent to the emergence of perception of the bodiless consciousness, rather than a pre-existing and unchangeable property. Next, I explain that the space structure only takes place in the classical (or macroscopic) world rather than in the quantum (or microscopic) world, due to its intrinsic imperceptibility to the bodiless consciousness. Without a presupposed structure of the space, the strangeness of the quantum world is expected. Then, I bring up the old measurement problem. I will argue that it is the bodiless consciousness that may entangle with the superposed state of an observed system and trigger the collapse. Finally, I will briefly discuss the potential relationship between electromagnetic wave and consciousness.

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