scholarly journals Landslides, river incision and environmental change: the Ruzizi gorge in the Kivu Rift

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toussaint Mugaruka Bibentyo ◽  
Antoine Dille ◽  
Arthur Depicker ◽  
Benoît Smets ◽  
Matthias Vanmaercke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
River Incision ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Recent Activity ◽  
Slide Type ◽  
The City

<p>The understanding of the interplay between natural and human induced factors in the occurrence of landslides remains poorly constrained in many regions, especially in tropical Africa where data-scarcity is high. In these regions where population growth is significant and causes changes in land use/cover, the need for a sustainable management of the land is on the rise. Here, we aim to unravel the occurrence of landslides in the 40 km-long Ruzizi gorge, a rapidly incising bedrock river in the Kivu Rift in Africa that has seen its landscape disturbed over the last decades by the development of the city of Bukavu (DR Congo). Careful field observations, historical aerial photographs, satellite imagery and archive analysis are combined to produce a multi-temporal inventory of 264 landslides. We show that the lithological context of the gorge and its extremely high incision rate (> 20 mm year<sup>-1</sup>) during the Holocene explains the presence of a concentration of large landslides (up to 2 km²) of undetermined age (well before the first observations of 1959) whose occurrence is purely natural. They are mostly of the slide type and do not show morphologic patterns of recent activity. The landslides that occurred during the last 60 years are flow-like shallower slope failures of smaller size (up to 0.12 km²) and tend to disappear rather quickly (sometimes within a few years) from the landscape as a result of rapid vegetation growth, land reclamation and (human-induced) soil erosion. They are primarily related to threshold slopes and precipitation plays a frequent role in their onset. However, land use/cover changes also affect their occurrence. This study provides useful information for a more accurate evaluation of the landslide hazard in the area, particularly with respect to the growth of the city of Bukavu that has developed without the consideration of naturally instable slopes. It also stresses the need and added value of building accurate landslide inventories in data-scarce regions.</p>

scholarly journals Zoneamento Ambiental como Instrumento de Suporte e Planejamento de Uso e Ocupação do Solo do Município de Aquiraz/CE (Environmental Zoning of Support as a Tool for Planning and Land Use and Occupation of the City of Aquiraz/CE)

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 738
Author(s):  
José Lidemberg de Sousa Lopes ◽  
Luiz Antonio Cestaro ◽  
Fátima Maria Soares Kelting
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Social Needs ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The City

A Região Metropolitana de Fortaleza (RMF) é composta por quinze municípios, destacando-se entre eles Aquiraz. O município possui uma excelente estância balneária e grande importância devido a seus aspectos socioculturais e históricos. Foi uma das primeiras vilas e primeira capital do Ceará, sendo fundada em 1699 e sede administrativa da capitania do Siará-Grande até o ano de 1726. O crescimento urbano local, que vem ocorrendo de forma desordenada nas últimas décadas, em função, da inserção da indústria do turismo ao longo do litoral cearense, é incompatível com a baixa capacidade de suporte do meio natural, configurando-se insustentável e degradante do meio ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o planejamento adequado do uso e ocupação do solo, de Aquiraz, e isso inferiu no zoneamento ambiental da área, baseado na gerência dos interesses e das necessidades sociais e econômicas em consonância com a preservação do meio ambiente e as características naturais do município. A pesquisa utilizou-se para atingir o objetivo pretendido, a utilização de imagem de satélites LANDSAT e SPOT (2002) e fotografias aéreas de escala de 1:8000, além de dados secundários, obtidos em órgãos públicos, bibliografia e dados primários, obtidos junto à população local e visita de campo.Palavras-chaves: Zoneamento Ambiental, Uso e Ocupação do Solo, Unidades Ambientais, Município de Aquiraz, Estado do Ceará.  Environmental Zoning of Support as a Tool for Planning and Land Use and Occupation of the City of Aquiraz/Ce  ABSTRACTThe Metropolitan Region from Fortaleza is composed by fifteen municipalities; among others we can emphasize Aquiraz. It has an excellent watering place and it’s very important due to sociocultural aspects and historics. It was one of the first villages and the first capital of Ceará, being founded in 1699 and the administrative seat of the captaincy of Siará-Grande until 1726. The local urban growth which is occurring in a disorderly few decades later because tourism industry starts to developing throughout cearense coast, its incompatible high with the low capacity from environment, becoming unsustainable and degrading. The objectives of this work was adequate planning for use and occupy Aquiraz soil, and inferred that the environmental zoning area, based on interests economics and social needs therefore to preserve the environment and natural details from this municipality. The survey was used to achieve the desired goal, was used the satellite images from LANDSAT and SPOT (2002) and Aerial photographs of scale 1:8000, beside secondary data obtained from public agencies, bibliographic and primary data obtained with the local population and field visits. Keywords: Environmental Zoning. Use and Occupation from the Soil. Environmental Units. Aquiraz Municipality. Ceará State.

scholarly journals Amman (City of Waters); Policy, Land Use, and Character Changes

Land ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne A. Gharaibeh ◽  
Esra’a M. Al.Zu’bi ◽  
Lama B. Abuhassan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Central Business District ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Ecological Character ◽  
Historical Presence ◽  
The City

The character of Amman, Jordan, as the "City of Waters"—referring to the abundance of water flowing in its known stream—has faded away because of the municipal policy to cover the stream in the 1960s which gradually changed the ecological character. This paper traces and explores the impacts of stream-coverage policy on the city character, morphology and land use changes. The purpose is to understand how an engineered problem-solving policy changed physical and perceptive factors and affected the character of the city. It also explores future attitudes towards reversing the non-nature-friendly conditions. The methods depend upon monitoring morphological changes in aerial photographs and in land use maps from municipality archives, conducting interviews with the elderly who witnessed change, one-to-one questionnaires with stakeholders and online questionnaires with residents and visitors. The results show that covering the stream is depriving the city of its historical/ecological character. The policy failed to promote affluent business, to mitigate flood impacts, or to decrease traffic congestion in the Central Business District (CBD). Most age groups believe the stream can improve the image and economy, despite the fact of their unawareness of its historical presence. In conclusion, engineered problem-solving should not stay in the hands of decision makers (technocrats) alone, but rather be considered with the public, sustainable character experts, and ecologists.

scholarly journals “HERITAGE & DEVELOPMENT” STRATEGY ON HISTORIC URBAN LANDSCAPE (HUL): THE ADDED VALUE OF MULTI-TEMPORAL HUB APPLICATION

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-2/W11 ◽  
pp. 1151-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Yang ◽  
R. Brumana ◽  
M. Previtali
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Historical Maps ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Multi Temporal ◽  
Historic Maps ◽  
The City

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Growing interest in boosting urban identity and character is increasing the demand for historic maps and documents of cities in constant evolution as in the case of metropolitan areas, peripheries and riverbank sites. A ‘Heritage &amp; Development strategy based on the Historic Urban Landscape approach is required by city makers to ensure that exploitation needs can valorise the site’s natural and cultural heritage for sustainable social and economic optimisation.</p><p>This paper intends to propose innovative virtual hub technologies of brokering, discovering and accessing open data, making available - to a large public of users - the multi-temporal dense stratified evidences of the targeted built environment areas and its surroundings, through the navigation of geo-referenced historical maps, together with current maps, going through design data. Enhancing the practice of publishing maps as open data represents a powerful leverage for time and cost effectiveness among planners, scientists and historians; soliciting their use to gain a vast knowledge of that areas, including a better comprehension of the transformations over the centuries, in order to support decision-making analysis, environmental monitoring and urban area planning; thus contribute to improving the sustainability of interventions respectful of the identity of the urban landscape. A case study of the ‘Deux Rives’ planning area in the city of Strasbourg is presented to illustrate these issues. The City of Strasbourg’s commendable work in publishing the historical maps supports the municipal authority’s Heritage &amp; Development strategy in meeting contemporary and future needs while mitigating long-term damage from pressures for new interventions. Innovative virtual hub based applications to gather open data coming from different sources (city territorial services, design data sources, mobility services) can result in immeasurable added value through communicating the wealth of the planned areas and raising awareness among citizens and visitors of the interventions.</p>

Optimal Land Use Analysis Using Lindenmayer Grammars

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-175
Author(s):  
Urszula Żukowska ◽  
Grażyna Kalewska
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Computer Program ◽  
L System ◽  
L Systems ◽  
The City

In today's world, when it is so important to use every piece of land for a particular purpose, both economically and ecologically, identifying optimal land use is a key issue. For this reason, an analysis of the optimal land use in a section of the city of Olsztyn, using the L-system Urban Development computer program, was chosen as the aim of this paper. The program uses the theories of L-systems and the cartographic method to obtain results in the form of sequences of productions or maps. For this reason, the first chapters outline both theories, i.e. the cartographic method to identify optimal land use and Lindenmayer grammars (called L-systems). An analysis based on a fragment of the map of Olsztyn was then carried out. Two functions were selected for the analysis: agricultural and forest-industrial. The results are presented as maps and sequences in individual steps.

scholarly journals Cropland Abandonment in Slovakia: Analysis and Comparison of Different Data Sources

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 334
Author(s):  
Juraj Lieskovský ◽  
Dana Lieskovská
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Cover ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Communist Regime ◽  
Corine Land Cover ◽  
Cropland Area ◽  
Cropland Abandonment ◽  
Multi Temporal

This study compares different nationwide multi-temporal spatial data sources and analyzes the cropland area, cropland abandonment rates and transformation of cropland to other land cover/land use categories in Slovakia. Four multi-temporal land cover/land use data sources were used: The Historic Land Dynamics Assessment (HILDA), the Carpathian Historical Land Use Dataset (CHLUD), CORINE Land Cover (CLC) data and Landsat images classification. We hypothesized that because of the different spatial, temporal and thematic resolution of the datasets, there would be differences in the resulting cropland abandonment rates. We validated the datasets, compared the differences, interpreted the results and combined the information from the different datasets to form an overall picture of long-term cropland abandonment in Slovakia. The cropland area increased until the Second World War, but then decreased after transition to the communist regime and sharply declined following the 1989 transition to an open market economy. A total of 49% of cropland area has been transformed to grassland, 34% to forest and 15% to urban areas. The Historical Carpathian dataset is the more reliable long-term dataset, and it records 19.65 km2/year average cropland abandonment for 1836–1937, 154.44 km2/year for 1938–1955 and 140.21 km2/year for 1956–2012. In comparison, the Landsat, as a recent data source, records 142.02 km2/year abandonment for 1985–2000 and 89.42 km2/year for 2000–2010. These rates, however, would be higher if the dataset contained urbanisation data and more precise information on afforestation. The CORINE Land Cover reflects changes larger than 5 ha, and therefore the reported cropland abandonment rates are lower.

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