High-performance FPGA implementation of the secure hash algorithm 3 for single and multi-message processing

<span>The secure hash function has become the default choice for information security, especially in applications that require data storing or manipulation. Consequently, optimized implementations of these functions in terms of Throughput or Area are in high demand. In this work we propose a new conception of the secure hash algorithm 3 (SHA-3), which aim to increase the performance of this function by using pipelining, four types of pipelining are proposed two, three, four, and six pipelining stages. This approach allows us to design data paths of SHA-3 with higher Throughput and higher clock frequencies. The design reaches a maximum Throughput of 102.98 Gbps on Virtex 5 and 115.124 Gbps on Virtex 6 in the case of the 6 stages, for 512 bits output length. Although the utilization of the resource increase with the increase of the number of the cores used in each one of the cases. The proposed designs are coded in very high-speed integrated circuits program (VHSIC) hardware description language (VHDL) and implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 and Virtex-6 A field-programmable gate array (FPGA) devices and compared to existing FPGA implementations.</span>

Increasing the Level of Knowledge about Stunting and the First 1000 Days of Life in Jember Regency, East Java, Indonesia

Stunting is a developmental disorder experienced by children due to poor nutrition, recurrent infections, and inadequate psychosocial stimulation. In Jember Regency, the number of stunting cases increased from 2018 to 2019. In addition, restrictions on activities during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as nutrition services at Integrated Healthcare Center, can hamper access to consumption and nutrition and child health services. Therefore, education about stunting is urgently needed to implement appropriate parenting patterns in the mids of limited activities during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Jember community service program was carried out online in the form of a webinar activity that was attended by 30 participants. This study is a quantitative analytic research using a one-group pretest-posttest design. Data that have been analyzed are presented descriptively. There is a significant effect on the pretest and posttest scores in the webinar. It means an increase in participants' understanding after online education is carried out. It is hoped that the people of Jember Regency can apply knowledge about the importance of the first 1000 days of life to prevent stunting.

How did general practices organize care during the COVID-19 pandemic: the protocol of the cross-sectional PRICOV-19 study in 38 countries

Background General practitioners (GPs) play a crucial role in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic as the first point of contact for possibly infected patients and are responsible for short and long-term follow-up care of the majority of COVID-19 patients. Nonetheless, they experience many barriers to fulfilling this role. The PRICOV-19 study investigates how GP practices in 38 countries are organized during the COVID-19 pandemic to guarantee safe, effective, patient-centered, and equitable care. Also, the shift in roles and tasks and the wellbeing of staff members is researched. Finally, PRICOV-19 aims to study the association with practice- and health care system characteristics. It is expected that both characteristics of the GP practice and health care system features are associated with how GP practices can cope with these challenges. This paper describes the protocol of the study. Methods Using a cross-sectional design, data are collected through an online questionnaire sent to GP practices in 37 European countries and Israel. The questionnaire is developed in multiple phases, including a pilot study in Belgium. The final version includes 53 items divided into six sections: patient flow (including appointments, triage, and management for routine care); infection prevention; information processing; communication; collaboration and self-care; and practice and participant characteristics. In the countries where data collection is already finished, between 13 and 636 GP practices per country participated in the study. Questionnaire data are linked with OECD and HSMR data regarding national policy responses to the pandemic and analyzed using multilevel models considering the system- and practice-level. Discussion To the best of our knowledge, the PRICOV-19 study is the largest and most comprehensive study that examines how GP practices function during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its results can significantly contribute to better preparedness of primary health care systems across Europe for future major outbreaks of infectious diseases.

Permissivess, guiltiness, anxiety:

Introduction: Studies on procrastination are increasing, studies are aimed at university students, as it is the population that most procrastinates their daily activities, especially academic ones. Most studies fail to explain existing conflicts on the subject, suggesting that there are futures with a qualitative focus, where the researcher is closer to the phenomenon, with no research on the topic with OT students. Objective: To explore and research explanations reported by occupational therapy students at a private university in southeastern Brazil about the behavior of procrastinating schoolwork, considering themselves self-reported as "procrastinators" Methods: Clinical-qualitative design; data collected through in-depth semi-structured findings with open questions; a thematic analysis generated categories discussed in the light of the psychodynamic framework Results: Seven OT students were interviewed and, according to the results of the analysis: procrastination linked to anxiety as productivity, but without the executive drive, imprisoning the individual in a vicious cycle of procrastination; defense mechanisms linked to self-preservation so as not to assume responsibility for tasks and other adversities of adult and university life; ineffective methods are tried by students to try to avoid procrastination, but without resolving the emotional and psychodynamic conflicts related to the activity. Conclusions: Students' procrastination ambivalently affects their daily lives, both positively and negatively, although everyone reported the phenomenon as negative. These studies can contribute to thinking about the clinic in the context of health and education. Therefore, we suggest studies that explore meanings brought by students and even other categories for comparative purposes.

The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Reducing the Risk of Infection, Hospitalization, and Death in Isfahan Province, Iran

Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing infection, hospitalization, and mortality due to COVID-19 in Isfahan Province, Iran. Methods: Following a retrospective cohort design, data of all vaccinated individuals since the rollout of vaccination of the general population are analyzed, Mar 2020 to Aug 13, 2021. Moreover, the data of all non-vaccinated people were collected by the census method for this period. The two groups were compared concerning hospitalization and mortality using the Chi-square test. Kaplan-Meyer was also used to calculate the median interval between receiving a vaccine and outcome (hospitalization and death). Results: Overall, 583434 people have received a second dose of a vaccine from Mar 2020 to Aug 2021, which 74% (n=433403) was Sinopharm, 18.2% (n=106027) AstraZeneca, 3.6% (n=21216) Sputnik, and 3.9% (n=22,788) Barekat. In contrast, 2,551,140 people living in the Isfahan Province did not receive a vaccine. The median interval between injection of the first dose and the hospitalization for those who received Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, Sputnik, and Barekat was 22, 61, 19, and 19 days, respectively. For unvaccinated cases, the rates of infection, hospitalization, and mortality (per 1000 population) were 69.7, 12.1, and 1.04, respectively. In contrast, for vaccinated individuals, these rates were 3.9, 1.08, and 0.09, two weeks after the second dose, respectively. Conclusion: The highest and lowest reduction in relative risk was for those who received AstraZeneca and Sputnik, respectively.

A systematic review and meta-analysis uncovering the relationship between alcohol consumption and sickness absence. When type of design, data, and sickness absence make a difference

Aim Earlier research has revealed a strong relationship between alcohol use and sickness absence. The aim of this review was to explore and uncover this relationship by looking at differences in type of design (cross-sectional vs. longitudinal), type of data (self-reported vs. registered data), and type of sickness absence (long-term vs. short term). Method Six databases were searched through June 2020. Observational and experimental studies from 1980 to 2020, in English or Scandinavian languages reporting the results of the association between alcohol consumption and sickness absence among working population were included. Quality assessment, and statistical analysis focusing on differences in the likelihood of sickness absence on subgroup levels were performed on each association, not on each study. Differences in the likelihood of sickness absence were analyzed by means of meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42018112078. Results Fifty-nine studies (58% longitudinal) including 439,209 employees (min. 43, max. 77,746) from 15 countries were included. Most associations indicating positive and statistically significant results were based on longitudinal data (70%) and confirmed the strong/causal relationship between alcohol use and sickness absence. The meta-analysis included eight studies (ten samples). The increased risk for sickness absence was likely to be found in cross-sectional studies (OR: 8.28, 95% CI: 6.33–10.81), studies using self-reported absence data (OR: 5.16, 95% CI: 3.16–8.45), and those reporting short-term sickness absence (OR: 4.84, 95% CI: 2.73–8.60). Conclusion This review supports, but also challenges earlier evidence on the association between alcohol use and sickness absence. Certain types of design, data, and types of sickness absence may produce large effects. Hence, to investigate the actual association between alcohol and sickness absence, research should produce and review longitudinal designed studies using registry data and do subgroup analyses that cover and explain variability of this association.

Design of a robot for inspection and diagnostic operations of rail track facilities

PurposeThe need to examine the integrity of infrastructure in the rail industry in order to improve its reliability and reduce the chances of breakdown due to defects has brought about development of an inspection and diagnostic robot.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, an inspection robot was designed for detecting crack, corrosion, missing clips and wear on rail track facilities. The robot is designed to use infrared and ultrasonic sensors for obstacles avoidance and crack detection, two 3D-profilometer for wear detection as well as cameras with high resolution to capture real time images and colour sensors for corrosion detection. The robot is also designed with cameras placed in front of it with colour sensors at each side to assist in the detection of corrosion in the rail track. The image processing capability of the robot will permit the analysis of the type and depth of the crack and corrosion captured in the track. The computer aided design and modeling of the robot was carried out using the Solidworks software version 2018 while the simulation of the proposed system was carried out in the MATLAB 2020b environment.FindingsThe results obtained present three frameworks for wear, corrosion and missing clips as well as crack detection. In addition, the design data for the development of the integrated robotic system is also presented in the work. The confusion matrix resulting from the simulation of the proposed system indicates significant sensitivity and accuracy of the system to the presence and detection of fault respectively. Hence, the work provides a design framework for detecting and analysing the presence of defects on the rail track.Practical implicationsThe development and the implementation of the designed robot will bring about a more proactive way to monitor rail track conditions and detect rail track defects so that effort can be geared towards its restoration before it becomes a major problem thus increasing the rail network capacity and availability.Originality/valueThe novelty of this work is based on the fact that the system is designed to work autonomously to avoid obstacles and check for cracks, missing clips, wear and corrosion in the rail tracks with a system of integrated and coordinated components.

Efektifitas Teknik Anger Management dalam Mengelola Emosi Marah yang dilakukan melalui e-counseling di SMP Islam Al Azhar 12 Rawamangun

EFEKTIFITAS TEKNIK ANGER MANAGEMENT DALAM MENGELOLA EMOSI MARAH YANG DILAKUKAN MELALUI E-COUNSELING DI SMP ISLAM AL AZHAR 12 RAWAMANGUN EFEKTIFITAS TEKNIK ANGER MANAGEMENT DALAM MENGELOLA EMOSI MARAH YANG DILAKUKAN MELALUI E-COUNSELING DI SMP ISLAM AL AZHAR 12 RAWAMANGUN Ayu Lestari ABSTRAK Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh teknik anger management dalam mengelola emosi marah pada satu siswa kelas IX di SMPI Al Azhar 12 Rawamangun. Metode penelitian adalah Single Subject Research dengan desain penelitian A-B. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrumen observasi yang dikembangkan melalui indikator pengekspresian kemarahan oleh Spielberger yaitu Anger In, Anger Out, dan Anger Control. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis dalam kondisi dan analisis antar kondisi. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pada indikator Anger In mengalami penurunan dari kondisi baseline 13,7(sangat rendah) dan kondisi intervensi sebesar 13,6 (sangat rendah) hal yang sama terjadi pada indikator Anger Out mengalami penurunan sebesar pada baseline sebesar 30 (sangat tinggi) dan setelah intervensi menjadi 17,4 ( sedang) sesedangkan pada indikator Anger Control menunjukkan peningkatan, pada baseline diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 9 ( sangat rendah) dan setelah intervensi menjadi 23 (tinggi) . kenaikan dan penurunan pada anger out dan anger control tidak harus sama , bisa lebih besar pada kenaikan di anger in dan lebih kecil penurunan di anger out maupun sebaliknya. Adanya penurunan pada Anger Out dan adanya peningkatan pada Anger Control menunjukkan bahwa anger management berpengaruh dalam membantu anak dalam mengelola ekspresi emosi marahnya. The research aims to find out the influence of anger management techniques in managing angry emotions in one grade IX student at SMPI Al Azhar 12 Rawamangun. The research method is Single Subject Research with A-B research design. Data collection uses observation instruments developed through Spielberger's anger expression indicators Anger In, Anger Out, and Anger Control. Data analysis techniques use analysis in conditions and analysis between conditions. The results obtained from this study are in anger in indicators decreased from baseline conditions of 13.7 (very low) and intervention conditions of 13.6 (very low) the same thing occurred in anger out indicator decreased by 30 (very high) baseline and after intervention to 17.4 ( moderate) as in anger control indicator showed improvement, on the baseline obtained an average of 9 ( very low) and after intervention to 23 (high) . increase and decrease in anger out and anger control does not have to be the same, it can be greater on the increase in anger in and smaller decrease in anger out or vice versa. The decrease in Anger Out and the increase in Anger Control shows that anger management has an effect in helping children manage their expressions of angry emotions. . Keywords: Anger, Anger Expression, Anger In, Anger Out, Anger Control, behavior, cognitive, Individual counseling, Anger Management

Automatic cabin virtualization based on preliminary aircraft design data

Preliminary aircraft design and cabin design are essential and well-established steps within the product development cycle for modern passenger aircraft. In practice, the execution usually takes place sequentially, with the preliminary design defining a basic cabin layout and the detail implementation following in a subsequent step. To enable higher fidelity assessment of the cabin early in the design process—for example by means of virtual reality applications—this paper proposes an interface, which can derive detailed 3D geometry of the fuselage from preliminary design data provided in the Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema (CPACS). This is a key step towards integration of cabin analysis and preliminary design in automated collaborative aircraft design chains, not only in terms of passenger comfort, but also manufacturability or crash safety. Like the TiGL Geometry Library for CPACS, the interface presented acts as a parameter engine, which translates data from CPACS into CAD geometry using the Open Cascade Technology library. However, the scope of TiGL is expanded significantly, albeit with an explicit focus on the fuselage, by including more details such as extruded frame and stringer profiles and floor structures. Furthermore, advanced knowledge management techniques are employed to detect and augment missing data. For virtual reality applications, triangulated representations of the CAD geometry can be provided in established exchange formats, creating an interface to common visualization platforms. Additionally, a new evolution of the cabin definition schema in CPACS is presented, to incorporate models of cabin components such as seats or sidewall panels enabling immersive virtual mock-ups.

Reporting of abstracts in studies that used routinely collected data for exploring drug treatment effects: a cross-sectional survey

Background In recent years, studies that used routinely collected data (RCD), such as electronic medical records and administrative claims, for exploring drug treatment effects, including effectiveness and safety, have been increasingly published. Abstracts of such studies represent a highly attended source for busy clinicians or policy-makers, and are important for indexing by literature database. If less clearly presented, they may mislead decisions or indexing. We thus conducted a cross-sectional survey to systematically examine how the abstracts of such studies were reported. Methods We searched PubMed to identify all observational studies published in 2018 that used RCD for assessing drug treatment effects. Teams of methods-trained collected data from eligible studies using pilot-tested, standardized forms that were developed and expanded from “The reporting of studies conducted using observational routinely collected health data statement for pharmacoepidemiology” (RECORD-PE) statement. We used descriptive analyses to examine how authors reported data source, study design, data analysis, and interpretation of findings. Results A total of 222 studies were included, of which 118 (53.2%) reported type of database used, 17 (7.7%) clearly reported database linkage, and 140 (63.1%) reported coverage of data source. Only 44 (19.8%) studies stated a predefined hypothesis, 127 (57.2%) reported study design, 140 (63.1%) reported statistical models used, 142 (77.6%) reported adjusted estimates, 33 (14.9%) mentioned sensitivity analyses, and 39 (17.6%) made a strong claim about treatment effect. Studies published in top 5 general medicine journals were more likely to report the name of data source (94.7% vs. 67.0%) and study design (100% vs. 53.2%) than those in other journals. Conclusions The under-reporting of key methodological features in abstracts of RCD studies was common, which would substantially compromise the indexing of this type of literature and prevent the effective use of study findings. Substantial efforts to improve the reporting of abstracts in these studies are highly warranted.