scholarly journals DecTephra: A new database of Deception Island’s tephra record (Antarctica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquin Hopfenblatt ◽  
Adelina Geyer ◽  
Meritxell Aulinas ◽  
Antonio Polo Sánchez ◽  
Antonio Álvarez-Valero
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Hazard ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
Lacustrine Sediment ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Tephra Layers ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Eruption Record

<p>Deception Island is the most active volcano in the South Shetland Islands (Antarctica) with more than 20 eruptions in the in the last two centuries, including the 1967, 1969 and 1970 most recent eruptive events, and three episodes of volcanic unrest since 1990 (1992, 1999 and 2014-2015). Since the discovery of Deception island in 1820, the number of scientific bases, touristic activities, and air and vessel traffic in the region, have considerably increased. Only the Antarctic Peninsula region, together with the South Shetland Islands, hosts 25 research stations and 3 summer field camps, which are located inside or within a 150 km radius distance from this active volcano. Nearby, the Palmer Archipelago and the north-western coast of the Antarctic Peninsula are both important tourist destinations exceeding 30,000 visitors per year with a significant increase in vessel traffic during the tourist season. This escalation in the amount of exposed infrastructure and population to a future eruption of Deception Island clearly urges the need to advancing our knowledge of the island’s volcanic and magmatic history and developing improved vulnerability analyses and long-term volcanic hazard assessments. However, past attempts to construct a volcanic hazard map of Deception have always been limited by the lack of a complete eruption record. In this sense, volcanic ash layers found in marine and lacustrine sediment cores, and glaciers outside Deception Island can provide valuable information to: (i) determine the size and explosiveness of past eruptive events; (ii) assess the extent of their related hazards (e.g. ash fall out); (iii) complete the eruption record of the island; and (iv) estimate the island’s eruption recurrence over time.</p><p>In this work, we provide a detailed, and up-to-date, revision of the current knowledge on Deception Island’s tephra record.  For this, we have compiled the DecTephra (<strong>Dec</strong>eption Island <strong>Tephra</strong> Record) database, which seeks recording the most relevant information of all up today known tephra layers with Deception Island as presumed source vent. DecTephra database includes 335 tephra layers (including cryptotephras) found in marine/lacustrine sediment and ice cores. For each tephra layer, we have compiled information regarding: (i) location (e.g. latitude, longitude, region) and characteristics of the sampling site (e.g. length of the sediment or ice core); and (ii) tephra characteristics (e.g. age, chemistry, granulometry). The analysis of the information included in this new database shows that Deception Island’s tephras can be observed at numerous proximal (< 150 km) sampling sites distributed all along the South Shetland Islands but also as far as in the Scotia Sea (> 1,000 km) and the South Pole (> 2,900 km). Also, identified isochronous tephra horizons allow defining periods of higher explosive eruptive activity in the island during the Holocene.</p><p>This research is part of POLARCSIC and PTIVolcan research initiatives. This research was partially funded by the MINECO projects VOLCLIMA (CGL2015-72629-EXP) and VOLGASDEC (PGC2018-095693-B-I00)(AEI/FEDER, UE). A.P.S is grateful for his JAE_Intro scholarship (JAEINT_20_00670).</p>

Lithostratigraphy and volcanic evolution of Deception Island, South Shetland Islands

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Smellie
Keyword(s):  
Small Volume ◽  
Active Volcano ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Caldera Collapse ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Entire Island ◽  
Basaltic Shield

Deception Island is the most active volcano in the Antarctic Peninsula region. It is a large basalt–andesite shield volcano with a 10 km-wide restless caldera (Port Foster) and a complicated history of pre- and post-caldera eruptions. There has been no modern volcanological investigation of the entire island and it remains a largely unknown volcanic hazard. The pre-caldera period on the island began with the low-energy eruption of tephras from multiple centres (Fumarole Bay Formation), possibly by subaqueous fire fountaining during shoaling and likely initial emergence of the volcano. It was followed by subaerial effusive to weakly pyroclastic (Strombolian/Hawaiian) activity that constructed a small basaltic shield (Basaltic Shield Formation), and a large eruption that vented about 30 km3 of magma (Outer Coast Tuff Formation). The latter eruption may have been triggered by an influx of compositionally different magma into the main chamber feeding the volcano, and the evidence suggests that it was associated with a significant involvement with water (seawater?). The eruption was followed by caldera collapse, and there have been several small incremental caldera “collapses” subsequently. Post-caldera eruptions were all small-volume and predominantly phreatomagmatic (Baily Head and Pendulum Cove formations), but magmatic eruptions constructed several small lava deltas around the coast and also produced a local carapace of scoria and thin lavas, particularly around the caldera rim (Stonethrow Ridge Formation). Although the caldera is presently resurging, interpretation of the eruptive history of the island suggests that future eruptions are likely to be small in volume and will have only a limited regional impact.

Fur seals, whales and tourists: a commercial history of Deception Island, Antarctica

Polar Record ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephen Dibbern
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Cruise Industry ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Fur Seals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Antarctic Fur Seals

ABSTRACTDeception Island in the South Shetland Islands was the site of some of the earliest commercial activity to be carried out in the Antarctic with the early 19th century hunting of Antarctic fur seals. Nearly a century later it was the site of the most extensive anchorage for the reconstructed ships and ocean liners used as non-pelagic whale processing factories. Deception was also the site of what is the only successful land based commercial activity in Antarctic history. The Hektor whaling station operated in Whalers Bay from 1912 until 1931. Most of the remains of the station have now been obliterated by the volcanic activity that occurred in the late 1960s and 1970. By the later part of the twentieth century Deception Island had become a regular stop for the growing Antarctic tourist cruise industry. No other place in Antarctica has been so thoroughly identified with commercial activity.

Fire Precautions at Antarctic Stations

Polar Record ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 6 (46) ◽  
pp. 743-745
Author(s):  
Bernard Stonehouse
Keyword(s):  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Falkland Islands ◽  
Deception Island ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Antarctic Expedition ◽  
Terre Adélie ◽  
Hope Bay

In 1946 the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey station on Deception Island in the South Shetland Islands was completely destroyed by fire. Stores, valuable equipment and the records of many months' work were lost. In 1948 the station at Hope Bay in Trinity Peninsula was burnt down, with the loss of two lives. In January 1952 the hut of the French Antarctic Expedition at Port-Martin in Terre Adélie was destroyed in the same way. Smaller outbreaks of fire, fortunately detected early and dealt with promptly, have been reported from other stations. Of all the difficulties which can overtake a polar expedition, the loss of its base is perhaps the most disastrous. Nevertheless, the frequency with which such losses seem to occur suggests that there are fundamental errors in the design of the huts, as well as a tendency to underestimate the danger of fire.

scholarly journals Variations in ice rafted detritus on beaches in the South Shetland Islands: a possible climate proxy

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRENDA L. HALL ◽  
ETHAN R. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
Ocean Circulation ◽  
Late Holocene ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Livingston Island ◽  
The Antarctic ◽  
Glacial Advance

Raised beach ridges on Livingston Island of the South Shetland Islands display variations in both quantity and source of ice rafted detritus (IRD) received over time. Whereas the modern beach exhibits little IRD, all of which is of local origin, the next highest beach (∼250 14C yr BP) has large amounts, some of which comes from as far away as the Antarctic Peninsula. Significant quantities of IRD also were deposited ∼1750 14C yr BP. Both time periods coincide with generally cooler regional conditions and, at least in the case of the ∼250 yr old beach, local glacial advance. We suggest that the increases in ice rafting may reflect periods of greater glacial activity, altered ocean circulation, and/or greater iceberg preservation during the late Holocene. Limited IRD and lack of far-travelled erratics on the modern beach are both consistent with the ongoing warming trend in the Antarctic Peninsula region.

Ten new Bacillariophyta species from James Ross Island and the South Shetland Islands (Maritime Antarctic Region)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 272 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALITSA ZIDAROVA ◽  
KATEŘINA KOPALOVÁ ◽  
BART VAN DE VIJVER
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Maritime Antarctic ◽  
The South ◽  
Antarctic Region ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
James Ross Island ◽  
The Antarctic

The present paper describes 10 new diatom (Bacillariophyta) species from the Maritime Antarctic Region. Five of the newly described taxa: Caloneis australis sp. nov., Mayamaea sweetloveana sp. nov., Navicula romanedwardii sp. nov., Sellaphora antarctica sp. nov. and Sellaphora gracillima sp. nov. have been previously reported from the Antarctic Region but were force-fitted into incorrect names. Five other taxa: Chamaepinnularia elliptica sp. nov., Cosmioneis regigeorgiensis sp. nov., Mayamaea tytgatiana sp. nov., Muelleria pimpireviana sp. nov. and Pinnularia pinseeliana sp. nov. are newly discovered taxa. The morphology of all new species is studied using both light and scanning electon microscope observations and compared with similar species from the Antarctic Region and worldwide. Data about the ecology and confirmed Antarctic distribution of the new species are added.

The Bellingshausen-Palmer meeting

Polar Record ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 644-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rip Bulkeley
Keyword(s):  
Antarctic Peninsula ◽  
South Shetland Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
Shetland Islands ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Balanced Assessment ◽  
Absolute Certainty ◽  
South Shetlands ◽  
The Antarctic

ABSTRACTThe celebrated meeting between Captain Bellingshausen of the Imperial Russian Navy and the American sealing skipper Nathaniel Brown Palmer, off the South Shetland Islands in February 1821, has often been described by following just one or other of the two men's divergent and in some respects irreconcilable accounts. The most contentious issue is whether or not Palmer told Bellingshausen about the existence of a body of land to the south of the South Shetlands, known today as the Antarctic Peninsula. This note attempts to reach a balanced assessment of the matter by examining evidence from both sides, including several previously unconsidered items. It concludes that, although the truth will never be known with absolute certainty, the basic American account is more plausible, by the narrowest of narrow margins, than the Russian.

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