Assembly patterns of the rhizosphere microbiome along the longitudinal root axis of maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lioba Rüger ◽  
Feng Kai ◽  
Dumack Kenneth ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Sun Ruibo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Deterministic Processes ◽  
Root Axis

<p>This study was conducted within the framework of the DFG project SPP2089 “Rhizosphere Spatiotemporal Organization – a Key to Rhizosphere Functions”.</p><p>Different plant species select for individual subsets of bulk soil microbial communities within root systems. The fast variability of root environments implies that roots constitute highly dynamic habitats. Rapid root elongation, combined with widely varying quality and quantity of rhizodeposition between different root regions, lead to continuously changing conditions for colonizing microorganisms. As the microbiome concept implies a rather static outcome of the microbial assembly, it raises the question as to where and how the dynamic transition of a microbial bulk soil community into a plant species-specific rhizosphere microbiome is taking place.</p><p>To investigate the assembly of communities of prokaryotes and their microbial predators (Cercozoa, Rhizaria; protists) along the longitudinal root axis of maize (Zea mays L.), plants were grown in an agricultural loamy soil. Rhizosphere soil was sampled at distinct locations along roots. Diversity and co-occurrence of rhizosphere microbiota along the root axis were tracked by high-throughput sequencing, diversity measures and network analyses.</p><p>High variation in beta diversity at root tips and the root hair zone indicated substantial randomness of community assembly. Deterministic processes of community assembly were revealed by low variability of beta diversity, changes in network topology, and the appearance of regular phylogenetic co-occurrence patterns in bipartite networks between prokaryotes and their microbial predators. Deterministic processes were most robust in regions with fully developed lateral roots, suggesting that a consistent rhizosphere microbiome finally assembled. For the targeted improvement of microbiome function, such knowledge on the processes of microbiome assembly on roots and its temporal and spatial variability is of crucial importance.</p>

scholarly journals Assembly Patterns of the Rhizosphere Microbiome Along the Longitudinal Root Axis of Maize (Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lioba Rüger ◽  
Kai Feng ◽  
Kenneth Dumack ◽  
Jule Freudenthal ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Root Hair ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Rhizosphere Microbiome ◽  
Maize Roots ◽  
Root Axis

It is by now well proven that different plant species within their specific root systems select for distinct subsets of microbiota from bulk soil – their individual rhizosphere microbiomes. In maize, root growth advances several centimeters each day, with the locations, quality and quantity of rhizodeposition changing. We investigated the assembly of communities of prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria) and their protistan predators (Cercozoa, Rhizaria) along the longitudinal root axis of maize (Zea mays L.). We grew maize plants in an agricultural loamy soil and sampled rhizosphere soil at distinct locations along maize roots. We applied high-throughput sequencing, followed by diversity and network analyses in order to track changes in relative abundances, diversity and co-occurrence of rhizosphere microbiota along the root axis. Apart from a reduction of operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness and a strong shift in community composition between bulk soil and root tips, patterns of microbial community assembly along maize-roots were more complex than expected. High variation in beta diversity at root tips and the root hair zone indicated substantial randomness of community assembly. Root hair zone communities were characterized by massive co-occurrence of microbial taxa, likely fueled by abundant resource supply from rhizodeposition. Further up the root where lateral roots emerged processes of community assembly appeared to be more deterministic (e.g., through competition and predation). This shift toward significance of deterministic processes was revealed by low variability of beta diversity, changes in network topology, and the appearance of regular phylogenetic co-occurrence patterns in bipartite networks between prokaryotes and their potential protistan predators. Such patterns were strongest in regions with fully developed laterals, suggesting that a consistent rhizosphere microbiome finally assembled. For the targeted improvement of microbiome function, such knowledge on the processes of microbiome assembly on roots and its temporal and spatial variability is crucially important.

Alkaline soil pH affects bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere microbiomes of plants growing in a Sandhills ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Dantas Lopes ◽  
Jingjie Hao ◽  
Daniel P Schachtman
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Alkaline Soil ◽  
Alkaline Soils ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Soil Rhizosphere

ABSTRACT Soil pH is a major factor shaping bulk soil microbial communities. However, it is unclear whether the belowground microbial habitats shaped by plants (e.g. rhizosphere and root endosphere) are also affected by soil pH. We investigated this question by comparing the microbial communities associated with plants growing in neutral and strongly alkaline soils in the Sandhills, which is the largest sand dune complex in the northern hemisphere. Bulk soil, rhizosphere and root endosphere DNA were extracted from multiple plant species and analyzed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Results showed that rhizosphere, root endosphere and bulk soil microbiomes were different in the contrasting soil pH ranges. The strongest impact of plant species on the belowground microbiomes was in alkaline soils, suggesting a greater selective effect under alkali stress. Evaluation of soil chemical components showed that in addition to soil pH, cation exchange capacity also had a strong impact on shaping bulk soil microbial communities. This study extends our knowledge regarding the importance of pH to microbial ecology showing that root endosphere and rhizosphere microbial communities were also influenced by this soil component, and highlights the important role that plants play particularly in shaping the belowground microbiomes in alkaline soils.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus sp. Strain IGA-FME-1, Isolated from the Bulk Soil of Maize ( Zea mays L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Yu ◽  
Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos ◽  
Junjie Liu ◽  
Xiaobing Liu ◽  
Fannie Isela Parra Cota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Bulk Soil ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Protein Coding Genes

Here, we present the complete genome of Bacillus sp. strain IGA-FME-1 (isolated from the bulk soil of maize [ Zea mays L.]). This genome consists of 5,147,837 bp, 5,219 protein-coding genes, 112 tRNAs, thirteen 16S rRNAs, thirteen 23S rRNAs, and thirteen 5S rRNAs, with a G+C content of 38.2%.

Response of soil microbial communities to engineered nanomaterials in presence of maize (Zea mays L.) plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 267 ◽  
pp. 115608
Author(s):  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Xiaorong Jia ◽  
Si Chen ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Rong Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Engineered Nanomaterials ◽  
Soil Microbial

scholarly journals Salinity Is a Key Determinant for Soil Microbial Communities in a Desert Ecosystem

mSystems ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaoping Zhang ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Xiaoqing Cui ◽  
Ping Yue ◽  
Kaihui Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Desert Ecosystem ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Deterministic Processes ◽  
Community Dissimilarity

ABSTRACT Soil salinization is a growing environmental problem caused by both natural and human activities. Excessive salinity in soil suppresses growth, decreases species diversity, and alters the community composition of plants; however, the effect of salinity on soil microbial communities is poorly understood. Here, we characterize the soil microbial community along a natural salinity gradient in Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China. Microbial diversity linearly decreased with increases in salinity, and community dissimilarity significantly increased with salinity differences. Soil salinity showed a strong effect on microbial community dissimilarity, even after controlling for the effects of spatial distance and other environmental variables. Microbial phylotypes (n = 270) belonging to Halobacteria, Nitriliruptoria, [Rhodothermi], Gammaproteobacteria, and Alphaproteobacteria showed a high-salinity niche preference. Out of nine potential phenotypes predicted by BugBase, oxygen-related phenotypes showed a significant relationship with salinity content. To explore the community assembly processes, we used null models of within-community (nearest-taxon index [NTI]) and between-community (βNTI) phylogenetic composition. NTI showed a significantly negative relationship with salinity, suggesting that the microbial community was less phylogenetically clustered in more-saline soils. βNTI, the between-community analogue of NTI, showed that deterministic processes have overtaken stochastic processes across all sites, suggesting the importance of environmental filtering in microbial community assembly. Taken together, these results suggest the importance of salinity in soil microbial community composition and assembly processes in a desert ecosystem. IMPORTANCE Belowground microorganisms are indispensable components for nutrient cycling in desert ecosystems, and understanding how they respond to increased salinity is essential for managing and ameliorating salinization. Our sequence-based data revealed that microbial diversity decreased with increasing salinity, and certain salt-tolerant phylotypes and phenotypes showed a positive relationship with salinity. Using a null modeling approach to estimate microbial community assembly processes along a salinity gradient, we found that salinity imposed a strong selection pressure on the microbial community, which resulted in a dominance of deterministic processes. Studying microbial diversity and community assembly processes along salinity gradients is essential in understanding the fundamental ecological processes in desert ecosystems affected by salinization.

Plant species coexistence alleviates the impacts of lead on Zea mays L.

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 396-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruyi Yang ◽  
Ling Liu ◽  
Shuting Zan ◽  
Jianjun Tang ◽  
Xin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Species Coexistence ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Species Coexistence

scholarly journals BEE FLORAL CALENDAR OF CULTIVATED AND WILD PLANTS AVAILABLE IN DIFFERENT AGROECOSYTEMS OF CHITWAN, NEPAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 222-245
Author(s):  
Shiva P. Rijal ◽  
Resam B. Thapa ◽  
Moha D. Sharma ◽  
Shrawan K. Sah ◽  
Yubak Dhoj GC
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Dalbergia Sissoo ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
Albizia Julibrissin ◽  
Fagopyrum Esculentum Moench

Beekeeping is one of the promising enterprises for economically poor farmers in Nepal but beekeeping farmers lack flora calendar for pollination, bee foraging, and honey production. Therefore, a study was conducted visiting farmers’ fields every 15-20 days during 2012-2013 to monitor the common plant species visited by bees, which were considered as bee forage plants categorized as major, and minor sources of pollen and/or nectar.  Relevant information was also gathered through key informant interviews and group discussions. During the study period a total of 252 plant species were recorded and their floral calendar prepared. In the study area. The main species identified were: rice, Oryza sativa L.; maize, Zea mays L.; buckwheat, Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.; rapeseed, Brassica campestris L.; sesame, Sesamum   orientale L.; litchi, Litchi chinensis Sonner; and cucurbits (bottle gourd,  Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl; sponge gourd, Luffa cylindrica  (L.) Roem.; bitter gourd, Momordica charantia L.), Leucas (gumpate), Leucas lanata Benth.; Butternut (chiuri),  Bassia butyracea Roxb.; Pogostemon (rudilo), Pogostemon glaber Benth.; guava, Pisum sativum L;  Sisoo, Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.; Throughwort (Banmara), Eupatorium sp.; silk tree (Padke), Albizia julibrissin Durazz ; Terminalia (Saj) Terminalia bellirica (Geartn.) Roxb. and Murraya (kadipatta) Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng.  Species of Brassica, Pogestemon, Bassia, Citrus, and Artemisia, Pisum, Ipomoea and Eupatorium species were some of the important plants which bloomed during winter. And, Lagerstroemia sp., Impatiens sp, Sesamum indicum L., Zea mays L., Albizia sp. and many cucurbits bloomed during rainy season. Fagopyrum esculentum Moench, Brassica campestral L, Lagerstroemia indica L, Bombax ceiba L, Albizia julibrissin Durazz., Eugenia formosa Wall., Shorea robusta, Guartn. Upatorium grandulosum, Pogostemon glaber Benth. Terminalia alata Heyne ex.Roth, Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng Sesamum orientale L. Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. were the major bee flora both rich in nectar and pollen.

Influence de l'âge sur les caractéristiques photosynthétiques de la feuille de maïs, Zea mays L

Agronomie ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivier BETHENOD ◽  
Christine JACOB ◽  
Jean-Claude RODE ◽  
Jean-François MOROT-GAUDRY
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

PRODUKTIVITAS PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP HASIL TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L) DI TANAH MINERAL

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-326
Author(s):  
Yoyon Riono.
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

Penelitian tentang pengaruh pemberian produktivitas pupuk organik terhadap hasil Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L) di tanah mineral penelitian ini di laksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Mei, yang bertempat di Sungai Salak Kecsmstsn Tempuling Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang disusun secara faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor B adalah bokashi pupuk kandang yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu B0 (tanpa pemberianpupuk kandang), B1 (5 ton/ha) dan B2 (10 tom/ ha), serta B3 (15 ton/ha) Parameter yang di amati adalah tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat berangkasan kering, berat tongkol pertanaman sampel, diameter tongkol , produksi per plot, dan berat 100 biji. Selanjutnya data yang di peroleh di olah secara statistik, apabila F hitung lebih besar dari F tabel di lanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi bokashi pupuk kandang dan varietas berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat tongkol dan produksi dan produksi per plot, akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering , diameter tongkol dan berat 1000 biji. Untuk perlakuan bokashi pupuk kandang secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap terhadap diameter tongkol , akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan basah, berat brangkasan kering, berat tongkol, produksi per plot, dan berat 1000 biji, perlakuan bokashi terbaik terdapat pada pemberian 15 ton/ha. Sedangkan perlakuan varietas secara tunggal berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat brangkasan basah, berat tongkol, dan produksi per plot seta berat 1000 biji, akan tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan tinggi tanaman, panjang daun ke tujuh, berat brangkasan kering, dan diameter tongkol. Varietass terbaik adalah NT 10

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