Global dataset of thermohaline staircases obtained from Argo floats and Ice Tethered Profilers

Thermohaline staircases arise from double diffusive processes. They are characterised by stepped structures consisting of mixed layers of typically tens of meters thick that are separated by much thinner gradient layers. Through these gradient layers enhanced diapycnal salt and heat transport take place. In this study, we present a global dataset of thermohaline staircases derived from observations of Argo profiling floats and Ice Tethered Profilers using a novel detection algorithm. To establish the presence of stepped thermohaline staircases, the algorithm detects subsurface mixed layers and analyses the gradient layers in between. Of each detected staircase, the temperature, salinity, depth and height, as well as some other properties of the mixed layers and gradient layers are computed. The algorithm is applied to 487,647 quality-controlled temperature and salinity profiles to obtain the global dataset. The performance of the algorithm is verified through an analysis of independent regional observations. The algorithm and global dataset are available at the 4TU centre for research data (van der Boog et al. 10 (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:f6529d31-b285-46ac-990b-5f45839f4e11).