scholarly journals tobac 1.2: towards a flexible framework for tracking and analysis of clouds in diverse datasets

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 4551-4570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Heikenfeld ◽  
Peter J. Marinescu ◽  
Matthew Christensen ◽  
Duncan Watson-Parris ◽  
Fabian Senf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
High Level

Abstract. We introduce tobac (Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds), a newly developed framework for tracking and analysing individual clouds in different types of datasets, such as cloud-resolving model simulations and geostationary satellite retrievals. The software has been designed to be used flexibly with any two- or three-dimensional time-varying input. The application of high-level data formats, such as Iris cubes or xarray arrays, for input and output allows for convenient use of metadata in the tracking analysis and visualisation. Comprehensive analysis routines are provided to derive properties like cloud lifetimes or statistics of cloud properties along with tools to visualise the results in a convenient way. The application of tobac is presented in two examples. We first track and analyse scattered deep convective cells based on maximum vertical velocity and the three-dimensional condensate mixing ratio field in cloud-resolving model simulations. We also investigate the performance of the tracking algorithm for different choices of time resolution of the model output. In the second application, we show how the framework can be used to effectively combine information from two different types of datasets by simultaneously tracking convective clouds in model simulations and in geostationary satellite images based on outgoing longwave radiation. The tobac framework provides a flexible new way to include the evolution of the characteristics of individual clouds in a range of important analyses like model intercomparison studies or model assessment based on observational data.

scholarly journals tobac v1.0: towards a flexible framework for tracking and analysis of clouds in diverse datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Heikenfeld ◽  
Peter J. Marinescu ◽  
Matthew Christensen ◽  
Duncan Watson-Parris ◽  
Fabian Senf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Geostationary Satellite ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Cloud Properties ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
High Level

Abstract. We introduce tobac (Tracking and Object-Based Analysis of Clouds), a newly developed framework for tracking and analysing individual clouds in different types of datasets, such as cloud-resolving model simulations and geostationary satellite retrievals. The software has been designed to be used flexibly with any two- or three-dimensional time-varying input. The application of high-level data formats, such as iris cubes or xarray arrays, for input and output allows for convenient use of metadata in the tracking analysis and visualisation. Comprehensive analysis routines are provided to derive properties like cloud lifetimes or statistics of cloud properties along with tools to visualise the results in a convenient way. The application of tobac is presented in two examples. We first track and analyse scattered deep convective cells based on maximum vertical velocity and the three-dimensional condensate mixing ratio field in cloud-resolving model simulations. We also investigate the performance of the tracking algorithm for different choices of time resolution of the model output. In the second application, we show how the framework can be used to effectively combine information from two different types of datasets by simultaneously tracking convective clouds in model simulations and in geostationary satellite images based on outgoing longwave radiation. tobac provides a flexible new way to include the evolution of the characteristics of individual clouds in a range of important analyses like model intercomparison studies or model assessment based on observational data.

scholarly journals Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations of KWAJEX: Model Sensitivities and Comparisons with Satellite and Radar Observations

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1488-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter N. Blossey ◽  
Christopher S. Bretherton ◽  
Jasmine Cetrone ◽  
Marat Kharoutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Radiative Fluxes ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ground Validation ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
Sensitivity Studies ◽  
Upper Level

Abstract Three-dimensional cloud-resolving model simulations of a mesoscale region around Kwajalein Island during the Kwajalein Experiment (KWAJEX) are performed. Using observed winds along with surface and large-scale thermodynamic forcings, the model tracks the observed mean thermodynamic soundings without thermodynamic nudging during 52-day simulations spanning the whole experiment time period, 24 July–14 September 1999. Detailed comparisons of the results with cloud and precipitation observations, including radar reflectivities from the Kwajalein ground validation radar and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) cloud amounts and radiative fluxes, reveal the biases and sensitivities of the model’s simulated clouds. The amount and optical depth of high cloud are underpredicted by the model during less rainy periods, leading to excessive outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and insufficient albedo. The simulated radar reflectivities tend to be excessive, especially in the upper troposphere, suggesting that simulated high clouds are precipitating large hydrometeors too efficiently. Occasionally, large-scale advective forcing errors also seem to contribute to upper-level cloud and relative humidity biases. An extensive suite of sensitivity studies to different microphysical and radiative parameterizations is performed, with surprisingly little impact on the results in most cases.

A Test of the Simulation of Tropical Convective Cloudiness by a Cloud-Resolving Model

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 2834-2849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario A. Lopez ◽  
Dennis L. Hartmann ◽  
Peter N. Blossey ◽  
Robert Wood ◽  
Christopher S. Bretherton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rain Rate ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Cloud Resolving Model ◽  
Upper Level

Abstract A methodology is described for testing the simulation of tropical convective clouds by models through comparison with observations of clouds and precipitation from earth-orbiting satellites. Clouds are divided into categories that represent convective cores: moderately thick anvil clouds and thin high clouds. Fractional abundances of these clouds are computed as a function of rain rate. A three-dimensional model is forced with steady forcing characteristics of tropical Pacific convective regions, and the model clouds are compared with satellite observations for the same regions. The model produces a good simulation of the relationship between the precipitation rate and optically thick cold clouds that represent convective cores. The observations show large abundances of anvil cloud with a strong dependence on rain rate, but the model produces too little anvil cloud by a factor of about 4 and with a very weak dependence on the rain rate. The observations also show probability density functions for outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and albedo with maxima that correspond to extended upper-level cold clouds, whereas the model does not. The sensitivity of the anvil cloud simulation to model parameters is explored using a two-dimensional model. Both cloud physical parameters and mean wind shear effects are investigated. The simulation of anvil cloud can be improved while maintaining a good simulation of optically thick cloud by adjusting the cloud physics parameters in the model to produce more ice cloud and less liquid water cloud.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Guided surgery with 3D printed device: a case report

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Carvalho de Sales ◽  
Rafael Maluza Flores ◽  
Julianny da Silva Guimaraes ◽  
Gustavo Vargas da Silva Salomao ◽  
Tamara Kerber Tedesco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Operating Time ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Conventional Technique ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
Mean Deviation ◽  
Apical Region ◽  
Virtual Planning ◽  
Surgical Guide ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
High Level

Dental surgeons need in-depth knowledge of the bone tissue status and gingival morphology of atrophic maxillae. The aim of this study is to describe preoperative virtual planning of placement of five implants and to compare the plan with the actual surgical results. Three-dimensional planning of rehabilitation using software programs enables surgical guides to be specially designed for the implant site and manufactured using 3D printing. A patient with five teeth missing was selected for this study. The patient’s maxillary region was scanned with CBCT and a cast model was produced. After virtual planning using ImplantViewer, five implants were placed using a printed surgical guide. Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the patient underwent another CBCT scan of the maxilla. Statistically significant differences were detected between the virtually planned positions and the actual positions of the implants, with a mean deviation of 0.36 mm in the cervical region and 0.7 mm in the apical region. The surgical technique used enables more accurate procedures when compared to the conventional technique. Implants can be better positioned, with a high level of predictability, reducing both operating time and patient discomfort.

A Study on Utilization of Three-Dimensional Sensor Lip Image for Developing a Pronunciation Recognition System

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 50402-1-50402-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ing-Jr Ding ◽  
Chong-Min Ruan
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Automatic Speech Recognition ◽  
Feature Fusion ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Recognition System ◽  
Geometrical Characteristics ◽  
3D Geometry ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Disabled

Abstract The acoustic-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) technique has been a matured technique and widely seen to be used in numerous applications. However, acoustic-based ASR will not maintain a standard performance for the disabled group with an abnormal face, that is atypical eye or mouth geometrical characteristics. For governing this problem, this article develops a three-dimensional (3D) sensor lip image based pronunciation recognition system where the 3D sensor is efficiently used to acquire the action variations of the lip shapes of the pronunciation action from a speaker. In this work, two different types of 3D lip features for pronunciation recognition are presented, 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate lip feature and 3D geometry lip feature parameters. For the 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate lip feature design, 18 location points, each of which has 3D-sized coordinates, around the outer and inner lips are properly defined. In the design of 3D geometry lip features, eight types of features considering the geometrical space characteristics of the inner lip are developed. In addition, feature fusion to combine both 3D-(x, y, z) coordinate and 3D geometry lip features is further considered. The presented 3D sensor lip image based feature evaluated the performance and effectiveness using the principal component analysis based classification calculation approach. Experimental results on pronunciation recognition of two different datasets, Mandarin syllables and Mandarin phrases, demonstrate the competitive performance of the presented 3D sensor lip image based pronunciation recognition system.

Simulating Self-Regeneration and Self-Replication Processes Using Movable Cellular Automata with a Mutual Equilibrium Neighborhood

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-757
Author(s):  
Kateryna Hazdiuk ◽  
◽  
Volodymyr Zhikharevich ◽  
Serhiy Ostapov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Cellular Automaton ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Computer Models ◽  
The Self ◽  
Model Construction ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Movable Cellular Automata ◽  
Self Replication

This paper deals with the issue of model construction of the self-regeneration and self-replication processes using movable cellular automata (MCAs). The rules of cellular automaton (CA) interactions are found according to the concept of equilibrium neighborhood. The method is implemented by establishing these rules between different types of cellular automata (CAs). Several models for two- and three-dimensional cases are described, which depict both stable and unstable structures. As a result, computer models imitating such natural phenomena as self-replication and self-regeneration are obtained and graphically presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document