Supplementary material to "Modeling canopy-induced turbulence in the Earth system: a unified parameterization of turbulent exchange within plant canopies and the roughness sublayer (CLM-ml v0)"

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon B. Bonan ◽  
Edward G. Patton ◽  
Ian N. Harman ◽  
Keith W. Oleson ◽  
John J. Finnigan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Exchange ◽  
Roughness Sublayer ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Plant Canopies ◽  
System A ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Supplementary Material

Iron and sulphur speciation and cycling in the sediments of marine systems located in the arid environment: Case of the northern Red Sea

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-027
Author(s):  
Valeria Boyko ◽  
Jürgen Pätzold ◽  
Alexey Kamyshny
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Water Depth ◽  
Iron Content ◽  
Gulf Of Aqaba ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reactive Iron ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Sulphur Cycle ◽  
Supplementary Material

High fluxes of iron minerals associated with aeolian dry deposition may result in anomalously high reactive iron content and fast reoxidation of hydrogen sulphide in the sediments that prevents pyrite formation and results in “cryptic” sulphur cycle. In this work, we studied cycling of iron and sulphur in the deep-water (> 800 m water depth) sediments of the Red Sea and its northern extension, Gulf of Aqaba. We found that reactive iron content in the surface sediments of the Gulf of Aqaba and the Red Sea is high, while the content of sulphur-bound iron is very low and decreases with water depth. The presence of pyrite traces and zero-valent sulfur as well as isotopic compositions of sulphate and pyrite, which are consistent with sulphate reduction under substrate-limiting conditions, suggest that cryptic sulfur cycling is likely to be a result of fast reoxidation of hydrogen sulfide rather than microbial sulfate reduction suppression. In the sediments of Shaban Deep, which are overlain with hyper-saline hydrothermal brine, low reactive iron and high organic carbon contents result in a non-cryptic sulphur cycle characterized by preservation of pyrite in the sediments.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sulfur in the Earth system collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sulfur-in-the-earth-systemSupplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5508155

4. The Great Acceleration

2018 ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Erle C. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Change ◽  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
System Level ◽  
Earth System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Earth ◽  
System P ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Earth’S Climate ◽  
Great Acceleration

The challenge for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) in 1999 was how to integrate the evidence of humans transforming Earth’s functioning as a system into a coherent overview of global environmental change. The IGBP report Global Change and the Earth System: A Planet Under Pressure (2004) identified a dramatic mid-20th-century step-change in anthropogenic global environmental change, which would come to be called ‘The Great Acceleration’. ‘The Great Acceleration’ outlines the complex, multi-causal, system-level set of processes that have altered the Earth system, from domestication of land to human alterations of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere. It also discusses tipping points that result in relatively rapid, non-linear, and potentially irreversible ‘step-changes’ in Earth’s climate system.

scholarly journals Land system science and sustainable development of the earth system: A global land project perspective

Anthropocene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Verburg ◽  
Neville Crossman ◽  
Erle C. Ellis ◽  
Andreas Heinimann ◽  
Patrick Hostert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Earth System ◽  
System Science ◽  
Land System ◽  
System A ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Land

Adaptive thinking and the global fire crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
System A ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Vegetation fires are an ancient, powerful, and pervasive biogeophysical process that affects the Earth System through complex interactions and feedbacks. The evolution and geographic spread of fire-wielding hominins in the Pleistocene has led to drastic, and ongoing, changes to the Earth System, a syndrome captured by the Anthropocene concept. Contemporary fire regimes are increasingly causing detrimental social, environmental and economic impacts, driven by the interaction between climate change and inappropriate land management practices. Achieving global environmental sustainability demands rethinking the relationship of humans, landscapes and fire. This requires careful blending of transdisciplinary thinking, translational research practices, and incorporation of indigenous and local knowledge. </p>

Dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S, and Ba cycles in response to Shuram oxygenation event

2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-081
Author(s):  
Huan Cui ◽  
Alan J. Kaufman ◽  
Shuhai Xiao ◽  
Chuanming Zhou ◽  
Maoyan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earth System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sulfate Minerals ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Carbonate Associated Sulfate ◽  
Microbial Sulfate Reduction ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Seawater Sulfate ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Dynamic Interplay

Compared with Phanerozoic strata, sulfate minerals are relatively rare in the Precambrian record likely due to the lower concentrations of sulfate in dominantly anoxic oceans. Here, we present a compilation of sulfate minerals that are stratigraphically associated with the Ediacaran Shuram excursion (SE) — the largest negative δ13C excursion in Earth history. We evaluated 15 SE sections, all of which reveal the presence of sulfate minerals and/or concentration enrichment in carbonate-associated sulfate, suggesting a rise in sulfate reservoir. Notably, where data are available, the SE also reveals considerable enrichments in [Ba] relative to pre- and post-SE intervals. We propose that elevated seawater sulfate concentrations during the SE may have faciliated authigenesis of sulfate minerals. At the same time, the rise of Ba concentrations in shelf environments further facilitated barite deposition. A larger sulfate reservoir would stimulate microbial sulfate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of organic matter (including methane), contributing to the genesis of the SE. The existence of sulfate minerals throughout the SE suggests that oxidant pools were not depleted at that time, which challenges previous modelling results. Our study highlights the dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S, and Ba cycles in response to the Shuram oxygenation event.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sulfur in the Earth system collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sulfur-in-the-earth-systemSupplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5602560

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