microbial sulfate reduction
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2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Fischer ◽  
Carl-Magnus Mörth ◽  
Gunhild Rosqvist ◽  
Sergey Chalov ◽  
Vasiliy Efimov ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Adam ◽  
Yuchen Han ◽  
Katja Laufer-Meiser ◽  
Rebecca Bährle ◽  
Ulrich Schwarz-Schampera ◽  
...  

A novel deltaproteobacterial, mesophilic, hydrogen-oxidizing, and sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain KaireiS1) was highly enriched from an inactive chimney located in the active zone of the Kairei hydrothermal vent field (Central Indian Ridge) in the Indian Ocean. Based on 16S rRNA gene analyses, strain KaireiS1 is the currently only cultured representative of a cluster of uncultured Deltaproteobacteria, positioned within the Desulfobulbaceae family, between the Desulfobulbus genus and the “Cable Bacteria.” A facultative autotrophic lifestyle of KaireiS1 is indicated by its growth in the absence of organic compounds, measurements of CO2-fixation rates, and activity measurements of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase, the key enzyme of the reductive Acetyl-CoA pathway. Apart from hydrogen, strain KaireiS1 can also use propionate, lactate, and pentadecane as electron donors. However, the highest cell numbers were reached when grown autotrophically with molecular hydrogen. Hydrogen uptake activity was found in membrane and soluble fractions of cell-free extracts and reached up to 2,981±129 nmol H2*min−1*mg−1 of partially purified protein. Commonly, autotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria from the Deltaproteobacteria class, thriving in hydrothermal vent habitats are described as thermophiles. Given its physiological characteristics and specific isolation source, strain KaireiS1 demonstrates a previously unnoticed potential for microbial sulfate reduction by autotrophs taking place at moderate temperatures in hydrothermal vent fields.


2021 ◽  
pp. jgs2021-081
Author(s):  
Huan Cui ◽  
Alan J. Kaufman ◽  
Shuhai Xiao ◽  
Chuanming Zhou ◽  
Maoyan Zhu ◽  
...  

Compared with Phanerozoic strata, sulfate minerals are relatively rare in the Precambrian record likely due to the lower concentrations of sulfate in dominantly anoxic oceans. Here, we present a compilation of sulfate minerals that are stratigraphically associated with the Ediacaran Shuram excursion (SE) — the largest negative δ13C excursion in Earth history. We evaluated 15 SE sections, all of which reveal the presence of sulfate minerals and/or concentration enrichment in carbonate-associated sulfate, suggesting a rise in sulfate reservoir. Notably, where data are available, the SE also reveals considerable enrichments in [Ba] relative to pre- and post-SE intervals. We propose that elevated seawater sulfate concentrations during the SE may have faciliated authigenesis of sulfate minerals. At the same time, the rise of Ba concentrations in shelf environments further facilitated barite deposition. A larger sulfate reservoir would stimulate microbial sulfate reduction and anaerobic oxidation of organic matter (including methane), contributing to the genesis of the SE. The existence of sulfate minerals throughout the SE suggests that oxidant pools were not depleted at that time, which challenges previous modelling results. Our study highlights the dynamic interplay of biogeochemical C, S, and Ba cycles in response to the Shuram oxygenation event.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Sulfur in the Earth system collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/sulfur-in-the-earth-systemSupplementary material:https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5602560


2021 ◽  
pp. 129-152
Author(s):  
David Rickard

Organic matter is intrinsically related to framboids since the sulfide in sedimentary pyrite is almost wholly the result of microbial sulfate reduction by mainly heterotrophic microorganisms. However, framboids do not represent fossil bacteria. The organic matter extracted from framboids tends to take on the form of the pyrite, rather than vice versa. The exact nature of this organic material is unknown. However, it appears that microbial biofilm may be an important contributor. Likewise, the organic residues from some framboids often appear similar to sulfur-rich organic geopolymers such as protokerogen. Most of the organic matter in framboids appears to be syngenetic with the framboids, and some framboids seem to have grown in organic substrates.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga V. Karnachuk ◽  
Igor I. Rusanov ◽  
Inna A. Panova ◽  
Mikhail A. Grigoriev ◽  
Viacheslav S. Zyusman ◽  
...  

AbstractThere is still a lack of understanding of H2S formation in agricultural waste, which leads to poor odour prevention and control. Microbial sulfate reduction is a major process contributing to sulfide formation in natural and technogenic environments with high sulfate and low oxygen concentration. Agricultural waste can be considered a low-sulfate system with no obvious input of oxidised sulfur compounds. The purpose of this study was to characterise a microbial community participating in H2S production and estimate the microbial sulfate reduction rate (SRR) in manure slurry from a large-scale swine finishing facility in Western Siberia. In a series of manure slurry microcosms, we identified bacterial consortia by 16S rRNA gene profiling and metagenomic analysis and revealed that sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio were key players responsible for H2S production. The SRR measured with radioactive sulfate in manure slurry was high and comprised 7.25 nmol S cm−3 day−1. Gypsum may be used as a solid-phase electron acceptor for sulfate reduction. Another plausible source of sulfate is a swine diet, which often contains supplements in the form of sulfates, including lysine sulfate. Low-sulfur diet, manure treatment with iron salts, and avoiding gypsum bedding are possible ways to mitigate H2S emissions from swine manure.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis M. Ward ◽  
Emma Bertran ◽  
David T. Johnston

The reconstruction of modern and paleo-sulfur cycling relies on understanding the long-term relative contribution of its main actors; these include microbial sulfate reduction (MSR) and microbial sulfur disproportionation (MSD). However, a unifying theory is lacking for how MSR and MSD, with the same enzyme machinery and intimately linked evolutionary histories, perform two drastically different metabolisms. Here, we aim at shedding some light on the distribution, diversity, and evolutionary histories of MSR and MSD, with a focus on the Desulfobulbales as a test case. The Desulfobulbales is a diverse and widespread order of bacteria in the Desulfobacterota (formerly Deltaproteobacteria) phylum primarily composed of sulfate reducing bacteria. Recent culture- and sequence-based approaches have revealed an expanded diversity of organisms and metabolisms within this clade, including the presence of obligate and facultative sulfur disproportionators. Here, we present draft genomes of previously unsequenced species of Desulfobulbales, substantially expanding the available genomic diversity of this clade. We leverage this expanded genomic sampling to perform phylogenetic analyses, revealing an evolutionary history defined by vertical inheritance of sulfur metabolism genes with numerous convergent instances of transition from sulfate reduction to sulfur disproportionation.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Glombitza ◽  
Lindsay I. Putman ◽  
Kaitlin R. Rempfert ◽  
Michael D. Kubo ◽  
Matthew O. Schrenk ◽  
...  

AbstractSerpentinization of peridotites in Earth’s mantle is associated with the generation of hydrogen and low molecular weight organics that could support subsurface life. Studies of microbial metabolisms in peridotite-hosted environments have focused primarily on methanogenesis, yet DNA sequences, isotopic composition of sulfides and thermodynamic calculations suggest there is potential for microbial sulfate reduction too. Here, we use a sulfate radiotracer-based method to quantify microbial sulfate reduction rates in serpentinization fluids recovered from boreholes in the Samail Ophiolite, Oman and the California Coast Range Ophiolite, USA. We find that low levels of sulfate reduction occur at pH up to 12.3. These low levels could not be stimulated by addition of hydrogen, methane or small organic acids, which indicates that this metabolism is limited by factors other than substrate availability. Cellular activity drops at pH > 10.5 which suggests that high fluid pH exerts a strong control on sulfate-reducing organisms in peridotites.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laetitia Guibourdenche ◽  
Pierre Cartigny ◽  
Francesco Dela Pierre ◽  
Marcello Natalicchio ◽  
Giovanni Aloisi

<p>During the first phase of the Messinian Salinity Crisis, massive amounts of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) have been sequestred in the form of up to 200m thick gypsum deposits (Primary Lower Gypsum) in Mediterranean marginal basins. The sulfur isotopic composition of the sulfate ion of this unit (δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>SO4</sub>) (on average 22.3 ‰) strongly suggests that gypsum was formed by concentration of marine sulfate. Interestingly, the preservation of sulfide globules within the gypsum and marls interbeds suggests that the basin sulfate was not only involved in gypsum formation but a fraction was also reduced through microbial sulfate reduction. Moreover, filamentous fossils interpreted to be the remnants of sulfide oxidizing bacterias are entrapped in this gypsum and indicate, together with the occurrence of sulfide globules and dolomite, that an active biogeochemical sulfur cycling was active at the time of Primary Lower Gypsum deposition. To investigate the role of this active sulfur cycling in Mediterranean marginal basins, we analyzed the multiple sulfur isotopic composition of sulfate and sulfide minerals (δ<sup>34</sup>S andΔ<sup>33</sup>S)<sub></sub>from Primary Lower Gypsum of the Vena del Gesso basin (Italy). Whereas the isotopic composition of gypsum (δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>SO4 </sub>from 21 to 24‰ and Δ<sup>33</sup>S<sub>SO4 </sub>from -0.001 to 0.049‰) display very homogenous values that are close to those of the Messinian ocean (δ<sup>34</sup>S<sub>MSC </sub>~22±0.2‰ and Δ<sup>33</sup>S<sub>MSC</sub>~0.039±0.015), the analyzed reduced sulfur compounds display a wide range of variability  with -36 to +9‰ in δ<sup>34</sup>S and -0.017 to 0.125‰ in Δ<sup>33</sup>S. This suggests huge hydrologically-driven redox variations during Primary Lower Gypsum deposition in the Vena del Gesso basin, possibly involving intermittent stratification of the water column and an active microbial cycling of sulfur.</p>


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