scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Stream discharge depends more on the temporal distribution of water inputs than on yearly snowfall fractions for a headwater catchment at the rain-snow transition zone"

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Kiewiet ◽  
Ernesto Trujillo ◽  
Andrew Hedrick ◽  
Scott Havens ◽  
Katherine Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Supplementary Material ◽  
Headwater Catchment

scholarly journals Stream discharge depends more on the temporal distribution of water inputs than on yearly snowfall fractions for a headwater catchment at the rain-snow transition zone

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Kiewiet ◽  
Ernesto Trujillo ◽  
Andrew Hedrick ◽  
Scott Havens ◽  
Katherine Hale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Stream Drying ◽  
Distributed Modelling ◽  
Spatially Distributed ◽  
Dry Out ◽  
Annual Discharge ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Climate warming affects snowfall fractions and snowpack storage, displaces the rain-snow transition zone towards higher elevations, and impacts discharge timing and magnitude as well as low-flow patterns. However, it remains unknown how variations in the spatial and temporal distribution of precipitation at the rain-snow transition zone affect discharge. To investigate this, we used observations from eleven weather stations and snow depths measured in one aerial lidar survey to force a spatially distributed snowpack model (iSnobal/Automated Water Supply Model) in a semi-arid, 1.8 km2 headwater catchment at the rain-snow transition zone. We focused on surface water inputs (SWI; the summation of rainfall and snowmelt) for four years with contrasting climatological conditions (wet, dry, rainy and snowy) and compared simulated SWI to measured discharge. We obtained a strong spatial agreement between snow depth from the lidar survey and model (r2: 0.88), and a median Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.65 for simulated and measured snow depths for all modelled years (0.75 for normalized snow depths). The spatial pattern of SWI was consistent between the four years, with north-facing slopes producing 1.09 to 1.25 times more SWI than south-facing slopes, and snow drifts producing up to six times more SWI than the catchment average. We found that discharge in a snowy year was almost twice as high as in a rainy year, despite similar SWI. However, years with a lower snowfall fraction did not always have lower annual discharge nor earlier stream drying. Instead, we found that the dry-out date at the catchment outlet was positively correlated to the snowpack melt-out date. These results highlight the heterogeneity of SWI at the rain-snow transition zone and emphasize the need for spatially distributed modelling or monitoring of both the snowpack and rainfall.

scholarly journals Supplementary material to "Soil CO<sub>2</sub> flux across a permafrost transition zone: spatial structure and environmental correlates"

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Stegen ◽  
Carolyn G. Anderson ◽  
Ben Bond-Lamberty ◽  
Alex R. Crump ◽  
Xingyuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Environmental Correlates ◽  
Supplementary Material

Modeling winter season fluxes of water and energy in a temperate montane forest

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Vogel ◽  
Michal Dohnal ◽  
Jana Votrubova ◽  
Jaromir Dusek ◽  
Miroslav Tesar
Keyword(s):  
Winter Season ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Montane Forest ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
High Resolution Data ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Headwater Catchment

&lt;p&gt;Winter regimes affect&amp;#160;significantly the long-term water and energy balance of mountainous areas in Central Europe. A recently developed numerical model is used to study near-surface fluxes of water and energy in the Liz catchment &amp;#8212; a small headwater catchment of the Otava River, situated in the Southern Bohemia. The results of the numerical simulations are compared with high-resolution data recorded at the site of interest. The forest floor of the catchment is mostly covered by snow during winter. However, the snowpack is usually exposed to several snowmelt episodes over the season. The intensity, duration and frequency of these episodes is irregular and seems to be highly sensitive to changing climate. Increasing frequency of winter periods with limited or missing snow cover affects both water flow and heat transport in the catchment. Changes in the temporal distribution of snowmelt are reflected in changing runoff patterns.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals An Assessment of the Recent Evolution of the Streamflow in a Near-Natural System: A Case Study in the Headwaters of the Mero Basin (Galicia, Spain)

Hydrology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
M. L. Rodríguez-Blanco ◽  
M. M. Taboada-Castro ◽  
M. T. Taboada-Castro
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
System A ◽  
High Flows ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Observational trend analysis is fundamental for documenting changes in river flows and placing extreme events in their longer-term historical context. Observations from near-natural catchments, i.e., with little or no alteration by humans, are of great importance in detecting and attributing streamflow trends. The purpose of this study is to analyze the annual and seasonal trends of stream discharge (mean, low and high flows) in a headwater catchment in NW Spain, i.e., in the wettest corner of the Iberian Peninsula. The results showed no significant decrease in the mean annual stream discharge. However, significantly lower summer and autumn mean stream discharge and an increase in low flow period were detected, in addition to lesser autumn high flow. The rainfall pattern followed an upward trend, but was not significant. This different pattern shown by rainfall and discharge indicates that is not sufficient to explain the observed trend in stream discharge. Air temperature, most notably by enhancing evapotranspiration, may explain the altered patterns of stream discharge.

scholarly journals Eleven years of mountain weather, snow, soil moisture and stream flow data from the rain-snow transition zone – the Johnston Draw catchment, Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory, USA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Godsey ◽  
Danny Marks ◽  
Patrick R. Kormos ◽  
Mark S. Seyfried ◽  
Clarissa L. Enslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Reynolds Creek ◽  
Mountain Weather ◽  
North And South ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract. Detailed hydrometeorological data from the rain-to-snow transition zone in mountain regions are limited. As the climate warms, the transition from rain to snow is moving to higher elevations, and these changes are altering the timing of downslope water delivery. To understand how these changes impact hydrological and biological processes in this climatologically sensitive region, detailed observations from the rain-to-snow transition zone are required. We present a complete hydrometeorological dataset for water years 2004 through 2014 for a watershed that spans the rain-to-snow transition zone (doi:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1402076). The Johnston Draw watershed (1.8 km2), ranging from 1497–1869 m in elevation, is a sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwestern Idaho, USA. The dataset includes continuous hourly hydrometeorological variables across a 372 m elevation gradient, on north- and south- facing slopes, including air temperature, relative humidity, and snow depth from 11 sites in the watershed. Hourly measurements of incoming shortwave radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and soil moisture and temperature are available at selected stations. The dataset includes hourly stream discharge measured at the watershed outlet. These data provide the scientific community with a unique dataset useful for forcing and validating models and will allow for better representation and understanding of the complex processes that occur in the rain-to-snow transition zone.

scholarly journals Eleven years of mountain weather, snow, soil moisture and streamflow data from the rain–snow transition zone – the Johnston Draw catchment, Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed and Critical Zone Observatory, USA

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 1207-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Godsey ◽  
Danny Marks ◽  
Patrick R. Kormos ◽  
Mark S. Seyfried ◽  
Clarissa L. Enslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Reynolds Creek ◽  
Streamflow Data ◽  
Mountain Weather ◽  
North And South

Abstract. Detailed hydrometeorological data from the rain-to-snow transition zone in mountain regions are limited. As the climate warms, the transition from rain to snow is moving to higher elevations, and these changes are altering the timing of downslope water delivery. To understand how these changes impact hydrological and biological processes in this climatologically sensitive region, detailed observations from the rain-to-snow transition zone are required. We present a complete hydrometeorological dataset for water years 2004 through 2014 for a watershed that spans the rain-to-snow transition zone (https://doi.org/10.15482/usda.adc/1402076). The Johnston Draw watershed (1.8 km2), ranging from 1497 to 1869 m in elevation, is a sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwestern Idaho, USA. The dataset includes continuous hourly hydrometeorological variables across a 372 m elevation gradient, on north- and south-facing slopes, including air temperature, relative humidity, and snow depth from 11 sites in the watershed. Hourly measurements of incoming shortwave radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, soil moisture, and soil temperature are available at selected stations. The dataset includes hourly stream discharge measured at the watershed outlet. These data provide the scientific community with a unique dataset useful for forcing and validating hydrological models and will allow for better representation and understanding of the complex processes that occur in the rain-to-snow transition zone.

scholarly journals Hydrometeorological observations from the rain-to-snow transition zone: a dataset from the Johnston Draw catchment, Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarissa L. Enslin ◽  
Sarah E. Godsey ◽  
Danny Marks ◽  
Patrick R. Kormos ◽  
Mark S. Seyfried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transition Zone ◽  
Elevation Gradient ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Mountain Regions ◽  
Stream Discharge ◽  
Complex Processes ◽  
Reynolds Creek ◽  
North And South ◽  
Unique Dataset

Abstract. Detailed hydrometeorological data from the rain-to-snow transition zone in mountain regions are limited. As the climate warms, the transition from rain to snow is moving to higher elevations, and these changes are altering the timing of down slope water delivery. To understand how these changes impact hydrological and biological processes in this climatologically sensitive region, detailed observations from the rain-to-snow transition zone are required. We present a complete hydrometeorological dataset for water years 2004 through 2014 for a watershed that spans the rain-to-snow transition zone (DOI:10.15482/USDA.ADC/1258769). The Johnston Draw watershed (1.8 sq. km), ranging from 1497–1869 m in elevation, is a sub-watershed of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwestern Idaho. The dataset includes continuous hourly hydrometeorological variables across a 372 m elevation gradient, on north- and south-facing slopes, including air temperature, relative humidity, and snow depth from 11 sites in the watershed. Hourly measurements of shortwave radiation, precipitation, wind speed and direction, and soil moisture and temperature are available at selected stations. The dataset includes hourly stream discharge measured at the watershed outlet. These data provide the scientific community with a unique dataset useful for forcing and validating models and will allow for better representation and understanding of the complex processes that occur in the rain-to-snow transition zone.

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