scholarly journals Upgrade of existing algorithms for creating contour lines on topographic maps in karst surface

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Neža Ema Komel ◽  
Dušan Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Contour Lines

scholarly journals Upgrade of existing algorithms for creating contour lines on topographic maps of the karst surface

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Neža Ema Komel ◽  
Klemen Kozmus Trajkovski ◽  
Dušan Petrovič
Keyword(s):  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Topographic Map ◽  
Basic Algorithm ◽  
Commercial Software ◽  
Karst Terrain ◽  
Aerial Photos ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Future Work ◽  
Steep Slopes

Abstract. Today, many software tools enable the production of contour lines from relief models, but the results of modelling complex karst relief are often inadequate. Reasons for this may be limited quality and resolution of relief models, limitations of algorithms for calculating contours, or limitations of algorithms for smoothing and displaying additional symbols that further describe relief, such as slope lines, steep slopes and smaller objects that cannot be effectively displayed with contours, etc.We will present research in the field of improving existing algorithms in rugged karst terrain. As a target result, the presentation of relief on the existing national topographic maps in Slovenia, which were made by manual photogrammetric survey of aerial photos stereo pairs, were used. Slovenian elevation model DMR1 (1 m density) is used as a source for the creation of contour lines in various commercial software packages, and by comparing the results with a relief presentation on a topographic map, we selected the most appropriate basic algorithm. This one is further upgraded mainly by enabling automatic selection of auxiliary contour lines in the area, presentation of individual smaller relief objects with appropriate point or linear symbols, addition of slope lines on contours and indications in the middle of depressions and displacement of contour lines in order to better depict the terrain morphology.The results were tested in four different areas in Slovenia. Figure 1 shows the contour lines for a testing area near village Opatje Selo near Slovenia-Italy border, which were made by the best commercial software. The results of the algorithm are shown in Figure 2. The comparison between the results of the algorithm and the national topographic maps in the chosen scale gave promising results. In future work, we are planning to extend the algorithm so that it will be able to provide modelling of different terrains in the region.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS FOR METHODS OF BUILDING DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS FROM TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS USING GEOINFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Vadim Belenok ◽  
Yuriy Velikodsky ◽  
Oleksandr Nikolaienko ◽  
Nataliia Rul ◽  
Sergiy Kryachok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Elevation Models ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Interpolation Methods ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Central Russian Upland ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Data ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Elevation Model

The article considers the question of estimating the accuracy of interpolation methods for building digital elevation models using Soviet topographic maps. The territory of the Kursk region of the Russian Federation was used as the study area, because it is located on the Central Russian Upland and characterized by the complex structure of the vertical and horizontal dissection of the relief. Contour lines automatically obtained using a Python algorithm were used as the initial elevation data to build a digital elevation model. Digital elevation models obtained by thirteen different interpolation methods in ArcGIS and Surfer software were built and analyzed. Special attention is paid to the ANUDEM method, which allows to obtain hydrologically correct digital elevation models. Recommendations for the use of one or another method of interpolation are given. The results can be useful for professionals who use topographic maps in their work and deals with the design using digital elevation models.

scholarly journals An Introduction to USGS Topo Maps

EDIS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Hartwig Hochmair ◽  
Adam Benjamin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
United States Geological Survey ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Current Generation ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Regular Time ◽  
The Us

Topographic maps provide both a detailed and accurate representation of cultural and natural features on the ground and a quantitative representation of relief, usually using contour lines. They can be used to address spatial questions in disciplines related to natural resources, hydrology, forestry, agriculture, or ecology. In 1879, the United States Geological Survey began to map the topography of the United States, producing new map versions of each area at semi-regular time intervals. US Topo maps are the current generation of USGS topographic maps. Unlike traditional topographic maps, the US Topo product is automatically generated from national map databases with topographic maps and produced every three years for all 48 of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and the United States territories. They are published as freely available geospatial PDF documents that facilitate coordinate readings and spatial measurements (e.g. distance, area) through built-in georeferencing technology. This 7-page fact sheet written by Hartwig H. Hochmair and Adam R. Benjamin and published by the UF/IFAS School of Forest Resources and Conservation focuses on US Topo quadrangle download procedures and layer structure. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fr432

scholarly journals LARGE-SCALE CARTOGRAPHIC REPRESENTATION OF RELIEF FEATURES FROM SANDYZATION PROCESS

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibiana Salvador Cabral da Costa ◽  
Claudia Robbi Sluter ◽  
Andrea Lopes Iescheck ◽  
Éder Luís da Silva Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Level Of Detail ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Digital Surface Model ◽  
Concentrated Flow ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Geomorphological Features

Abstract: In topographic maps, contour lines and elevation points usually represent the variation of height and slope. Contour lines interval defines the level of detail for relief representation. Geomorphological features we can identify on maps are related to contour lines generalization. In this study, we aim to define the necessary level of detail for the cartographic representation of relief features from the sandyzation process. The methodology comprises: defining the relief features associated with sandyzation at the study area by literature review; describing the aspects of data survey using Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) to generate the orthophoto mosaic and the Digital Surface Model (DSM); and using the DSM to extract contour lines at different scales. We defined eight relief features (denudational landform, rill, ravine, micro-residual hill, dune, depositional fan, concentrated flow, and gully) for contour cartographic representation at 1:5,000, 1:1,000, 1:500, 1:200, and 1:100 scales. The results show the scales in which the relief features have their geomorphological characteristics better represented by contours lines. Since there is no reference for suitable scales for the cartographic representation of landforms related to the sandyzation process, this study can contribute to geomorphological researches in areas where this process occurs.

scholarly journals Cartographic Methods for Large Scale Glacier Maps

1986 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Yin Shicong ◽  
Chen Jianming
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Natural Landscape ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Xizang Plateau ◽  
Glacier Mapping

Glacier mapping is steadily developing, along with the continuous expansion of glaciological research, in China. In the last 20 years we have made surveys and drawn up glacial topographic maps on large scales, of various study areas in Tianshan and the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. This paper discusses the cartographic techniques, in the form of points, lines, symbols, brush-shading, colours, etc., used to create a vivid reproduction of the special natural landscape of glaciers on maps for the use of glaciologists and other scientists. For example, variations in rock symbols may be used to show the exposed bedrock, the glacial abrasion and the cryogenetic weathering. Different colours and points are used to indicate the various depositional landforms which are also enhanced by the method of brush-shading and the use of differently coloured contour lines. In addition, the paper discusses the technical and theoretical problems of glacier mapping.

scholarly journals Mapping of landslides and landslide processes in Uzbekistan using relief plastics (on the example of the Chirchik basin)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 572-583
Author(s):  
Naila Sabitova ◽  
Anna Stelmakh ◽  
Nadira Tajibaeva
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Topographic Maps ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
Landslide Processes ◽  
The Many ◽  
Landslide Slope

Combating the effects of landslides involves finding low-cost solutions to prevent damage from landslide processes. One of the effective and inexpensive methods to reduce the negative impact of landslides is to compile maps of the susceptibility of the territory to landslides. Mapping areas at risk of massive landslide displacement contributes to informed decisions about investments and permits for the construction of industrial facilities and residential buildings in such areas, reducing future losses. An analysis of published materials on landslide processes and phenomena shows the variety of methods used to study, evaluate and predict them. However, despite the many methods used, most studies boil down to the application of traditional landslide data processing methods. To study landslide processes, we propose a relief plastic method. This method allows, based on the conversion of contour lines of topographic maps in combination with field research materials (geological, geomorphological, geophysical, etc.), to identify the boundaries of “lithodynamic flows”, i.e. outline the spatial boundaries of the formation, transit and accumulation of landslide process products. The aim of our research was to show the possibility of using a relief plastic map in detailing the nature of the movement of a landslide-slope and establishing localization sites for landslide plots. Mapped material in combination with field routes to the landslide support areas of Chimgansaya, located in the upper part of the Chirchik river valley, confirmed the contours of the development of landslide processes. On the basis of a thorough analysis and transformations by the method of second derivatives of the contours of the topographic maps, the convexity and concavity of the relief were identified, which together form lithodynamic flows that create a spatial heterogeneity of the relief forms. The map also shows the direction and spatial boundaries of landslide flows. The information received is new, which is not detected by traditional cards.

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