scholarly journals MAPPING FOREST ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol XLII-4/W19 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
S. Ajrhough ◽  
M. Maanan ◽  
H. Mharzi Alaoui ◽  
H. Rhinane ◽  
E. H. El Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Software Models ◽  
Current State ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Main Components

Abstract. Managing multiple ecosystem services (ES) across forest landscape, constitute a growing field of research. It represents a key challenge that attempts to optimize the trade-offs among provisioning, supporting, regulating and cultural ES. Here, we review approaches and shortcomings on some anterior FES studies. Three main components are presented, 1) an overview of the current state of research, 2) a summary of main methods adopted 3) an identification of principal approaches' restrictions. Several conclusions emerge: most of the studies focus on a limited number of FES which might undermine the long-term provision of other FES, or converge to using free software models which are practical and low-cost but require enormous data. This reveals how the lack of existing inventories and evaluations impacts the choice of methodologies and lead to use indirect methods of measurement. However, researches that aim to understand the relationships and conflicts among multiple FES and seeks to find out the best management regime will improve our ability to sustainably fulfil economic, ecologic and social goals.

scholarly journals Trade-offs between temporal stability and level of forest ecosystem services provisioning under climate change

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 1884-1896 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Albrich ◽  
Werner Rammer ◽  
Dominik Thom ◽  
Rupert Seidl
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

scholarly journals Social Perceptions of Forest Ecosystem Services in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Human Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 839-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aida Cuni-Sanchez ◽  
Gerard Imani ◽  
Franklin Bulonvu ◽  
Rodrigue Batumike ◽  
Grace Baruka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Social Perceptions ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Bush Meat

AbstractThe forests of the Albertine Rift are known for their high biodiversity and the important ecosystem services they provide to millions of inhabitants. However, their conservation and the maintenance of ecosystem service delivery is a challenge, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our research investigates how livelihood strategy and ethnicity affects local perceptions of forest ecosystem services. We collected data through 25 focus-group discussions in villages from distinct ethnic groups, including farmers (Tembo, Shi, and Nyindu) and hunter-gatherers (Twa). Twa identify more food-provisioning services and rank bush meat and honey as the most important. They also show stronger place attachment to the forest than the farmers, who value other ecosystem services, but all rank microclimate regulation as the most important. Our findings help assess ecosystem services trade-offs, highlight the important impacts of restricted access to forests resources for Twa, and point to the need for developing alternative livelihood strategies for these communities.

scholarly journals Trade-offs between three forest ecosystem services across the state of New Hampshire, USA: timber, carbon, and albedo

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Lutz ◽  
Elizabeth A. Burakowski ◽  
Mackenzie B. Murphy ◽  
Mark E. Borsuk ◽  
Rebecca M. Niemiec ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
New Hampshire ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
The State ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

Payment for Ecosystem Services in Ukraine: Priority Direction of Revitalization

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-16
Author(s):  
Liudmyla O. Shashula ◽  
Oksana V. Sakal ◽  
Nataliia A. Tretiak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Payment For Ecosystem Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Priority Direction ◽  
Educational Campaign ◽  
Economic Assets ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The authors of the article are involved in the actualization of the informational and educational campaign on the value of ecosystem services and their assessment in Ukraine. The content of the economic category of public welfare through the prism of ecosystem services, approaches to their classification, assessment and payments are researched. The results of the informational and educational campaign on the value of ecosystem services of Ukraine and the further application of assessment of such services as one of the priority strategic tasks of the country’s environmental policy are analyzed. The terminological, environmental protection and climatic context of state policy in the area of forest ecosystem services in Ukraine is highlighted. It is substantiated that the intensity of nature uses, in particular the use of land resources, forms space in different ways and affects the vulnerability of ecosystems and their stability. It is proved that ecosystem services and land use are directly related, since the intensity of the latter, which causes the formation of spatial transformations, is determined by qualitative and quantitative indicators. Three levels of land use intensity (low, medium, high), which determine changes in the spectrum and quality of ecosystem services are investigated. An economic assessment of ecosystem services in Ukraine are conducted in terms of areas for the following types of land use: agricultural (arable and pasture land), forest and land under bogs. The grouping of regions according to the level of ecosystem transformation and intensity of land use is done. The results of such grouping indicate that the current state of land use governance requires a revision of the existing artificial, unified governance approach. In the future, the activation of the instrument – payment for ecosystem services will increase the level of capitalization and investment attractiveness of both natural assets in general and of land economic assets in particular. Key words: assessment, welfare, ecosystem, ecosystem service, governance instrument, intensity of land use.

scholarly journals The Current State of Research on PET Hydrolyzing Enzymes Available for Biorecycling

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Fusako Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Short Paper ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Thermophilic Microorganisms ◽  
Pet Waste ◽  
Current State ◽  
Mesophilic Bacterium ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Hydrolyzing Enzymes

This short paper reviews two groups of enzymes designated as polyethylene terephthalate (PET) hydrolases: one consists of thermophilic cutinases from thermophilic microorganisms (actinomycetes and a fungus) and the other consists of mesophilic cutinases, the representative of which is IsPETase from a mesophilic bacterium. From the viewpoint that PET hydrolysis requires a high temperature close to the glass transition temperature (65–70 °C in water) of PET, mesophilic cutinases are not suitable for use in the enzymatic recycling of PET since their degradation level is one to three orders of magnitude lower than that of thermophilic cutinases. Many studies have attempted to increase the thermostability of IsPETase by introducing mutations, but even with these modifications, the mesophilic cutinase does not reach the same level of degradation as thermophilic cutinases. In addition, this kind of trial contradicts the claim that IsPETase works at ambient temperature. As plastic pollution is an urgent environmental issue, scientists must focus on feasible thermophilic enzymes for the enzymatic processing of disposed PET, rather than on mesophilic cutinases. Thermophilic and mesophilic cutinases must be evaluated precisely and comparatively, based on their features that enable them to hydrolyze PET, with the aim of enzymatic PET disposal. The level of thermophilic cutinases has already reached their optimal level in PET biorecycling. The optimal level may be reached through the processing of PET waste, by amorphization and micronization into readily hydrolysable forms and the improvement of PET hydrolases by engineering higher degradation ability and low-cost production. Here I summarize the critical points in the evaluation of PET hydrolases and discuss the biorecycling of PET.

scholarly journals Stakeholders’ Opinions towards Water-Related Forests Ecosystem Services in Selected Southeast European Countries (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 12001
Author(s):  
Dijana Vuletić ◽  
Silvija Krajter Ostoić ◽  
Klára Báliková ◽  
Mersudin Avdibegović ◽  
Kristina Potočki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Payment Schemes ◽  
High Level

Even though water-related forest ecosystem services are important for forestry and water management sectors, they have different definitions and are regulated differently in each sector, which makes them poorly recognized. How stakeholders from two main sectors (forestry and water management) perceive the importance of water-related forest ecosystem services, the trade-offs between ecosystem services and the effectiveness and implementation of payments schemes related to forest water ecosystem services were our areas of interest. We have conduct surveys with different groups of stakeholders from both sectors in four selected countries (the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia) with a lot of similarities and the potential to learn from each other. The results show that in spite of the spotted differences among analyzed countries, there is a high level of agreement among respondents on all investigated aspects. In addition, even though different payment schemes exist in three of four countries, stakeholders are rarely aware of their existence, or it is better to say that they do not recognize them as payment schemes for ecosystem services because of their names and definitions, which do not clearly define ecosystem services. Mostly, they use bundled services and non-voluntary payments and are designed and implemented by the states. Due to the strong role of states and the low transparency in the existing schemes, we looked at possible conditions reflected through stakeholders’ opinions for overcoming that obstacle for the development of new payment schemes. We found that there is a high level of acceptance of payments schemes as more effective than “command and control” schemes and of the involvement of other stakeholders in decision-making processes as those conditions that can positively influence development of new payment schemes in all four countries. These results give us hope that in spite of the strong role of the state in selected countries, the role of stakeholders will be more acknowledged and, by that, the future schemes will be more harmonized among the sectors and their goals and needs, contributing to its effectiveness as well.

Mountain forest ecosystem services – maintaining resilience in the face of disturbances

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stritih ◽  
Peter Bebi ◽  
Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Forest Ecosystem ◽  
Swiss Alps ◽  
Mountain Forest ◽  
Heterogeneous Structure ◽  
Mountain Forests ◽  
Wood Production ◽  
Management Regime ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services

<p>For centuries, mountain forests in the Alps have provided essential ecosystem services such as wood production and protection from natural hazards (e.g. avalanches and landslides), which enable mountain societies to thrive in these marginal environments. These ecosystem services are affected by climate and land use change, as well as changes in societal demand and management regimes. In recent years, the management of mountain forests has been increasingly driven by forest disturbances, such as windthrow, bark beetle outbreaks, and forest fires. The increasing rate of disturbances has the potential to convert forests from carbon sinks to carbon sources, and may also affect the provision of other ecosystem services, such as avalanche protection. The capacity of forests to provide services, their vulnerability to disturbance, and their resilience depend on their structure, composition and management regime. Forests with a heterogeneous structure and species composition are expected to better maintain their protection function after disturbances.</p><p>Information on forest structure and its link to functions and services is available from a variety of sources, from Earth Observation and in-situ data, existing process-based models, to local expert knowledge. We use Bayesian Networks to integrate these different types of information and model ecosystem services (carbon sequestration, wood production, and avalanche protection) in the Swiss Alps. This probabilistic modelling approach allows us to identify knowledge gaps and explore uncertainties in the future provision of ecosystem services. Since disturbances are a major source of uncertainty, we combine remote sensing and forest management data to investigate how disturbance severity and post-disturbance recovery are influenced by stand characteristics, such as structural heterogeneity. Based on this analysis, we discuss how forest management can help ensure the provision of mountain forest ecosystem services under changing disturbance regimes. </p>

scholarly journals Flow of Economic Benefits From Coral Reefs in a Multi-Use Caribbean Marine Protected Area Using Network Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francoise Cavada-Blanco ◽  
Aldo Cróquer ◽  
Edgard Yerena ◽  
Jon P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Marine Protected Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Trap ◽  
Stakeholder Groups ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Regulation Services

Adaptation to changes in the delivery of ecosystem services while maintaining resilience of natural systems is one of the main challenges faced by multi-use marine protected areas (MPAs). To overcome this, it is crucial to improve our understanding of interdependencies among resource users and ecosystems. In this study we used networks to model the socio-ecological system of a multi-use MPA in the southern Caribbean. Using a mixed-method approach, we built a socio ecological network (SEN) from the flow of economic benefits that stakeholders obtain from coral reefs in Los Roques National Park. We specifically looked at how these benefits are distributed among stakeholder groups and how the structure and other network properties can inform management. For this, four networks (simple, weighted, directed and directed-weighted) were built from 125 nodes representing three services and six stakeholder groups, linked through 475 edges. The SEN structure indicated an open resource use pattern with reduced social capital, suggesting that community-based management could be challenging. Only 31% of the benefits from ecosystem services stay within the SEN. Regulation services, derived from the coral reef framework were the most important in terms of maintaining the flow of benefits through the SEN; however, most benefits depended on provisioning services. This approach, based on network theory allowed identification of inequalities in the access to benefits among groups, externalities in benefits derived from fisheries and trade-offs between provisioning and regulation services. Our results suggest that Los Roques might be falling into a socio-ecological trap. Improving access to benefits and increasing trust need be prioritized. Low-cost management intervention can help internalize financial benefits and reduce trade-offs affecting more vulnerable stakeholder groups. However, these would require changes in governance and institutions at the executive level.

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