Gender Pay Gap in India: A Sectoral and Regional Analysis

This paper attempts to measure Gender Pay Gap (GPG) in India using NSSO data for the year 2011-12. Our results show that Gender Pay Gap in India is higher in rural sector as compared to urban sector. In both rural and urban sector agriculture and private households with employed persons account for highest Gender Pay Gap. Our results also show that GPG is higher among illiterates and below matric literate employees. However, state level analysis of Gender Pay Gap shows that economically developed states have lower Gender Pay Gap and the poorer states have higher Gender Pay Gap in India.

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Measurement of Multidimensional Poverty in India: A State-level Analysis

Indian Journal of Human Development ◽

10.1177/0973703020944763 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 257-274

Author(s):

Sabyasachi Tripathi ◽

Komali Yenneti

Keyword(s):

Urban Poverty ◽

Regional Analysis ◽

Rural Poverty ◽

State Level ◽

Multidimensional Poverty ◽

Standard Of Living ◽

Sample Survey ◽

Multidimensional Poverty Index ◽

Head Count ◽

Level Analysis

This article measures Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in India using National Sample Survey (NSS) data on “Consumption Expenditure” for the period 2004–2005 and 2011–2012, adopting Alkire and Foster’s (2011, Journal of Public Economics, vol. 95, pp. 476–487) methodology. It considers three main indicators, namely standard of living, education and income at the level of households or persons. The results show that multidimensional poverty head count has declined from 62.2 per cent in 2004–2005 to 38.4 per cent in 2011–2012. However, separate rural and urban regional analysis clearly indicates a sharp decline in rural poverty compared to urban poverty reduction. Lack of education of the household members made the highest contribution to poverty, followed by income and standard of living in India. A state-level analysis shows that Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Arunachal Pradesh have a higher poverty head count ratio, while Kerala, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh and Haryana have a lower poverty rate.

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Closing the Gender Pay Gap: New Approaches to an Old Problem

Compensation & Benefits Review ◽

10.1177/0886368719833212 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 189-195

Author(s):

Kurt Stanberry

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

Gender Pay Gap ◽

Pay Equity ◽

Federal Law ◽

Equal Pay ◽

Pay Gap ◽

Federal Level ◽

New Approaches ◽

Work Concept ◽

Equal Pay Act

This article addresses new approaches to address a long-standing employment compensation problem—the gender pay gap. Existing approaches, including the Equal Pay Act and Title VII, are more than 50 years old, and have only been marginally successful in resolving this problem. A pay gap based on gender remains a problem today. New approaches include the potential passage of the Paycheck Fairness Act at the federal level and a variety of laws at the state level. Some states have passed pay equity laws that are more successful than the federal law due to the use of the comparable work concept. Additionally, some states have passed laws regulating the asking of salary history questions, as well as the use of non-compete and no-poaching agreements, all of which have a chilling effect on pay equity. The result of the combination of these actions is a probable reduction of the gender pay gap, although eliminating it remains a distant goal.

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