Are E-Commerce (Shopping) Companies Targeting the Right Segment in India

The traditional trade and business are increasingly getting tough competition from e-commerce. E-commerce has reached most of the consumers in the urban sector and the youth, but the challenge lies in front of the companies so that it reaches the rural sector and the aged people. The rural population of India has to go to nearby cities to purchase luxury products. E-commerce can widen its area of operations and come to their help. Also, thanks to Jio, the people aged more than 45 and the retired are increasingly getting digital in the urban areas. Many of them still purchase the old-fashioned way, but they may adapt to e-commerce as they are adopting the digital world. Here, e-commerce can get new market segment without changing much in their logistics. A thing that is critical within the digital marketplace is the profound understanding of people, their behavior, and their community.

Smart Village: A new dynamic to end rural urban gap and move towards sustainable development for all

Smart rural development is one of the best criteria to achieve Sustainable Development, there are 60,000 villages in India, where the condition of some of the villages are extremely miserable with no access to water, food and employment. With advancement in technology and bringing in green technology India has made few of its villages developed and constructed them as smart village with 100 % energy security, water access, pucca house, internet connectivity, empowering women, installation of RO, better jobs and government schools which have introduced computer learning. With this smart village development it has reduced the migration rate and brough back the people who went to the urban sector in such of better standard of living and employment. Smart village is a private public partnership model. Smart rural village will help to eradicate poverty, hunger, educated everyone, smart villages have seen an up gradation in the number of students. With sustainable development and smart techniques, urban overpopulation problem can be reduced and urbans slums region will also seen a decline as majority of the people migrating from rural to urban live in the urban slums, will help to reduce the climate change effect by green technology and smart living.

Poverty dynamics in farm and rural households: PATANAS data analysis 2007‒2018

In developing countries, the majority of the population work as farmers. Thus, the welfare realization can be achieved by increasing farmers’ welfare. Welfare is the opposite of poverty, therefore, the prevalence of poverty is seen as an indicator of welfare. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of poverty at the farm and rural household levels. The data used is from a panel data survey of the National Farmers Panel (PATANAS) on four agroecosystems from 2007 to 2018, collected by the Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Socio-Economic and Policy Studies (ICASEPS), Ministry of Agriculture. The data were analyzed statistically descriptive by making six poverty categories based on the distance between per capita income and the poverty line published by Central Bureau Statistic (CBS). The study results show that rural households still use the land as their main base of income in all types of agroecosystems. On the other hand, non-agricultural income sources have consistently increased, indicating a structural change from the dominance of agriculture to industry and services. There has been a decrease in the number of rural households categorized as almost non-poor, destitute, and suffering. The number of households categorized as non-poor and very poor is dominant in all agroecosystems. It shows that there is widening inequality. Recommendations can be given in farm upgrading through agricultural modernization, rural agro-industrialization, and even job transfer from rural farmers to the formal urban sector.

EFFICIENCY IN SANCTION AND DISBURSEMENTS OF LOANS: A STUDY OF BIJAPUR DISTRICT CENTRAL CO-OPERATIVE BANK VIJAYAPUR

Every nation has to move towards the constant progression of growth. The Co-Operative Banks as part of the banking system operating in Rural and Urban areas in reduced scales, caters the financial needs of Rural and Urban sector particularly agriculture and allied activities, trade and commerce and consumer finance. This paper aims to study the efficiency in sanction and disbursement made by Bijapur District Central Co-Operative Bank Ltd. Vijayapur, Karnataka during 2013-14 to 2017-18.The overall performance is efficient in sanction and disbursements of advances as the total advances shows increasing trend and the bank is disbursing loans to every talukas, all areas, and each category of loans. The Bank has managed efficiently to allocate the funds to Priority Sector as well as Non-Priority sectors; this helps the Bank to maintain high profitability by adhering the guidelines of RBI in sanction and disbursement of advances. The performance of the Bank can improve further by enhancing the loan facilities, improving the quality, introducing new products, and attracting the unreached customers.

Metabolic syndrome and other comorbidities in the structure of COVID-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova (March-December 2020)

Metabolic syndrome and other co-morbidities in the structure of COVID-19 mortality in the Republic of Moldova (March-December 2020) The mortality of the population of the Republic of Moldova through COVID-19 in March-December 2020 made up 2846 (100%) people confirmed with SARS CoV-2 (women –1362/2846 (47,8%), men — 1484/2846 (52,2%). In the urban sector it is 1649/2846 (58,0%), including Chisinau — 1034/2846 (36,3%), Balti — 158/2846 (5,6%), in the rural sector — 1197/2846 (42%). Mortality in the age groups constituted for the age group of 30-70 years (men — 862/2846 (30,3%), women — 805/2846 (28,2%). The share of comorbidity was 1905/2846 (66,9%), the structure of the main diseases being: diseases of the cardiovascular system – 966/1905 (33,9%); diabetes mellitus – 523/1905 (27,5%); malignant tumors – 91/1905 (4,8%). In the age groups — 30-70 years: diseases of the circulatory system – 485/1905 (25.4%), diabetes – 335/1905 (17.6%), cancer – 62/1905 (3.3%).

A Pragmatic Investigation of Energy Consumption and Utilization Models in the Urban Sector Using Predictive Intelligence Approaches

Energy consumption is a crucial domain in energy system management. Recently, it was observed that there has been a rapid rise in the consumption of energy throughout the world. Thus, almost every nation devises its strategies and models to limit energy usage in various areas, ranging from large buildings to industrial firms and vehicles. With technological advancements, computational intelligence models have been successfully contributing to the prediction of the consumption of energy. Machine learning and deep learning-based models enhance the precision and robustness compared to traditional approaches, making it more reliable. This article performs a review analysis of the various computational intelligence approaches currently being utilized to predict energy consumption. An extensive survey procedure is conducted and presented in this study, and relevant works are discussed. Different criteria are considered during the aggregation of the relevant studies relating to the work. The author’s perspective, future trends and various novel approaches are also presented as a part of the discussion. This article thereby lays a foundation stone for further research works to be undertaken for energy prediction.

Estado nutricional y fuerza de tren inferior: diferencias entre sexo y área geográfica entre niños y niñas. (Nutritional status and lower train force: differences between gender and geographical area between boys and girls)

El presente estudio transversal pretende determinar y establecer la asociación entre las variables de estado nutricional y fuerza en el segmento inferior entre estudiantes Chilenos correspondientes a la región de la Araucanía, pertenecientes a un sector urbano en contraste con estudiantes de un sector rural. La muestra fue de 120 escolares, divididos en 60 niños y 60 niñas cuyas edades fluctuaron entre los 10 y 11 años . Se realizó medición del IMC (Kg/H^2) para luego clasificar su estado nutricional y también la prueba de salto vertical Test de Sargent (fuerza de tren inferior) en la población escolar. Los grupos fueron comparados con la prueba estadística Chi-cuadrado con intervalos de confianza del 95 %. Para los resultados del test de Sargent se realizó correlación de Pearson. Se encontró una alta prevalencia de niñas de ambos sectores, encasilladas en el rango de sobrepeso y obesidad. Así mismo, presentan similitud en la prueba de salto vertical (test de Sargent) en donde no existieron diferencias significativas al momento de correlacionar entre sexo y área geográfica. Abstact. The present cross-sectional study aims to determine an establish the association between the variables of nutritional status and lower segment in Chilean students from Araucanía Region an urban sector in contrast to students from a rural sector. The sample was 120 schoolchildren, divided into 60 boys and 60 girls whose ages fluctuated between 10 and 11 years of age. BMI (Kg / H ^ 2) was measured to later classify their nutritional status and also the Sargent vertical jump test (lower body strength) in the school population. The groups were compared with the statistical T-student test for independent samples with 95% confidence intervals. Pearson's correlation was performed for the results of the Sargent test. A high prevalence of girls from both sectors was found, classified as overweight and in the obesity range. Likewise, there are more overweight children in the urban sector than in the rural sector. Presenting similarity in the vertical jump test (Sargent test) where there were no significant differences when correlating between sex and geographic area.

Nexus Thinking at River Basin Scale: Food, Water and Welfare

Water resources face an unparalleled confluence of pressures, with agriculture and urban growth as the most relevant human-related stressors. In this context, methodologies using a Nexus framework seem to be suitable to address these challenges. However, the urban sector has been commonly ignored in the Nexus literature. We propose a Nexus framework approach, considering the economic dimensions of the interdependencies and interconnections among agriculture (food production) and the urban sector as water users within a common basin. Then, we assess the responses of both sectors to climatic and demographic stressors. In this setting, the urban sector is represented through an economic water demand at the household level, from which economic welfare is derived. Our results show that the Nexus components here considered (food, water, and welfare) will be negatively affected under the simulated scenarios. However, when these components are decomposed to their particular elements, we found that the less water-intensive sector—the urban sector—will be better off since food production will leave significant amounts of water available. Moreover, when addressing uncertainty related to climate-induced shocks, we could identify the basin resilience threshold. Our approach shows the compatibilities and divergences between food production and the urban sector under the Nexus framework.

Combining of MASW and GPR Imaging and Hydrogeological Surveys for the Groundwater Resource Evaluation in a Coastal Urban Area in Southern Spain

This paper conceptualizes and evaluates the groundwater resource in a coastal urban area hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. Adra town in southern Spain was the case study chosen to evaluate the groundwater resource contributed from the northern steep urban sector (NSUS) to the southern flat urban sector (SFUS), which belongs to the Adra River Delta Groundwater Body (ARDGB). The methodology included (1) geological and hydrogeological data compilation; (2) thirteen Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), and eight Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles to define shallow geological structures and some hydrogeological features; (3) hydrogeological surveys for aquifer hydraulic definition; (4) conceptualization of the hydrogeological functioning; and (5) the NSUS groundwater resource evaluation. All findings were integrated to prepare a 1:5000 scale hydrogeological map and cross-sections. Ten hydrogeological formations were defined, four of them (Paleozoic weathered bedrock, Pleistocene littoral facies, Holocene colluvial, and anthropogenic filling) in the NSUS contributing to the SFUS. The NSUS groundwater discharge and recharge are, respectively, around 0.28 Mm3 year–1 and 0.31 Mm3 year–1, and the actual groundwater storage is around 0.47 Mm3. The groundwater renewability is high enough to guarantee a durable small exploitation for specific current and future urban water uses which can alleviate the pressure on the ARDGB.