METEOROLOGICAL ROCKET SOUNDING FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH AND MONITORING OF GEOPHYSICAL CONDITIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
A. A. KUMINOV ◽  
◽  
V. A. YUSHKOV ◽  
YU. N. GVOZDEV ◽  
O. V. SHTYRKOV ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Technical Specification ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Altitude Range ◽  
Meridional Component ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Zonal Component ◽  
Speed Up

The brief description of technical specification of meteorological rockets used at Roshydromet stations, including the exposition of the MERA new meteorological rocket with a lift up to 100 km, MRS 100 rocketsonde, onboard measuring and service equipment, is presented. The technique for measuring atmospheric parameters and the results of investigating long-term variability of temperature and wind in the stratosphere and mesosphere according to long-term (1969-1995) data of meteorological rocket sounding at Volgograd station are considered. It is shown that in the altitude range from 25 to 75 km, trends in temperature and wind speed over Volgograd station for 1969-1995 are nonlinear and, at most altitudes, nonmonotonic. An increase with altitude in the range of trend variations in the analyzed parameters during the surveyed period is discovered: up to 15-19 K in the lower and middle mesosphere for temperature, up to 15 m/s at the stratopause for the zonal component of wind speed, up to 10 m/s in the lower mesosphere for its meridional component.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Thermal and Dynamic Vertical Structures of Summer Hourly Precipitation in Jiulong of the Tibetan Plateau

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 505
Author(s):  
Yonglan Tang ◽  
Guirong Xu ◽  
Rong Wan ◽  
Xiaofang Wang ◽  
Junchao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Precipitation Amount ◽  
Summer Precipitation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Hourly Precipitation ◽  
Air Convection ◽  
Precipitation Variation ◽  
Long Term Observation

It is an important to study atmospheric thermal and dynamic vertical structures over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and their impact on precipitation by using long-term observation at representative stations. This study exhibits the observational facts of summer precipitation variation on subdiurnal scale and its atmospheric thermal and dynamic vertical structures over the TP with hourly precipitation and intensive soundings in Jiulong during 2013–2020. It is found that precipitation amount and frequency are low in the daytime and high in the nighttime, and hourly precipitation greater than 1 mm mostly occurs at nighttime. Weak precipitation during the daytime may be caused by air advection, and strong precipitation at nighttime may be closely related with air convection. Both humidity and wind speed profiles show obvious fluctuation when precipitation occurs, and the greater the precipitation intensity, the larger the fluctuation. Moreover, the fluctuation of wind speed is small in the morning, large at noon and largest at night, presenting a similar diurnal cycle to that of convective activity over the TP, which is conductive to nighttime precipitation. Additionally, the inverse layer is accompanied by the inverse humidity layer, and wind speed presents multi-peaks distribution in its vertical structure. Both of these are closely related with the underlying surface and topography of Jiulong. More studies on physical mechanism and numerical simulation are necessary for better understanding the atmospheric phenomenon over the TP.

scholarly journals 2.5D Flexible Wind Sensor Using Differential Plate Capacitors

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (9) ◽  
pp. 3101
Author(s):  
Yu Wan ◽  
Zhenxiang Yi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Direction ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Electrode Array ◽  
Copper Electrode ◽  
Windward Side ◽  
Leeward Side ◽  
Electrode Layer ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Speed Up

In this paper, a novel 2.5-dimensional (2.5D) flexible wind sensor is proposed based on four differential plate capacitors. This design consists of a windward pillar, two electrode layers, and a support layer, which are all made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with different Young’s moduli. A 2 mm × 2 mm copper electrode array is located on each electrode layer, forming four parallel plate capacitors as the sensitive elements. The wind in the xy-plane tilts the windward pillar, decreasing two capacitances on the windward side and increasing two capacitances on the leeward side. The wind in the z-axis depresses the windward pillar, resulting in an increase of all four capacitances. Experiments demonstrate that this sensor can measure the wind speed up to 23.9 m/s and the wind direction over the full 360° range of the xy-plane. The sensitivities of wind speed are close to 4 fF·m−1·s and 3 fF·m−1·s in the xy-plane and z-axis, respectively.

scholarly journals Most Frequent Problems of Building Structures of Urban Apartment Buildings from 2nd Half of 19th Century and the Start of 20th Century

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Klara Kroftova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Basic Prerequisite

An urban residential building from the second half of the 19th century and the start of the 20th century, the so-called tenement house, is a significant representative of the architecture of the developing urban fabric in Central Europe. The vertical and horizontal load-bearing structures of these houses currently tend to show characteristic, repeated defects and failures. Their knowledge may, in many cases, facilitate and speed up the design of the historic building’s restoration without compromising its heritage value in this process. The article presents the summary of the most frequently occurring defects and failures of these buildings. The summary, however, is not an absolute one, and, in the case of major damage to the building, it still applies that, first of all, a detailed analysis of the causes and consequences of defects and failures must be made as a basic prerequisite for the reliability and long-term durability of the building’s restoration and rehabilitation. An integral part of the rehabilitation of buildings must be the elimination of the causes of the appearance of their failures and remediation of all defects impairing their structural safety, health safety and energy efficiency.

Wind Speed Forecasting Using a Combined Method Based on Auto Regression and Wavelet Transform

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
Ji Long Tong ◽  
Zeng Bao Zhao ◽  
Wen Yu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Ar Model ◽  
Wind Speed Forecasting ◽  
Wind Speed Prediction ◽  
Prediction Time ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Speed Prediction ◽  
Auto Regression

This paper presents a new strategy in wind speed prediction based on AR model and wavelet transform.The model uses the adjacent data for short-term wind speed forecasting and the data of the same moment in earlier days for long-term wind speed prediction at that moment,taking the similarity of wind speed at the same moment every day into account.Using the new model to analyze the wind speed of An-xi,China in April,2010,this paper concludes that the model is effective for that the correlation coefficient between the predicted value and the original data is larger than 0.8 when the prediction is less than 48 hours;while the prediction time is long ahead (48-120h),the error is acceptable (within 40%),which demonstrates that the new method is a novel and good idea for prediction on wind speed.

Verifying Meteorological Station Wind Speed Data for Long-Term Resource Studies: The MIA Luqa Wind Databases at Malta

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Mayor Salgado ◽  
R.N. Farrugia ◽  
C. Galdies ◽  
T. Sant
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Wind Speed Data
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