scholarly journals Editorial

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Aileen Moreton-Robinson ◽  
Maggie Walter
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Power Relations ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Indigenous Studies ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Fishing Rights

The articles in this edition of the International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies engage collectively with how different epistemologies and cultural values inform power relations in different locations, situations and contemporary contexts. As a group, these articles demonstrate, over varying facets, how meaning, communicative intent and interpretive effect are constitutive of power relations between Indigenous people and non Indigenous people. Jackie Grey discusses the labour of belonging as played out in a dispute over Indigenous fishing rights in a small New England town of Aquinnah, located on Noepe Island the traditional lands of the Wampanoag in the United States of America. She reveals the ways in which the jurisdiction of non Indigenous belonging operates discursively and materially to preclude Indigenous rights and self determination. Grey's analysis highlights the incommensurability of Indigenous and non Indigenous belonging that are played out in power relations born of colonisation.

Anglo-American Wage Differences in the 1820's

1967 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan Rosenberg
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
Rhode Island ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Good Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Industrial Arts ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Anglo American

In 1829 Zachariah Allen, a lifelong resident of Providence, Rhode Island, published his book, The Science of Mechanics. Neither the title nor a casual glance at the contents of the book suggests that it contains material of major interest to economists or economic historians. Allen's book was intended as a manual for American mechanics and manufacturers. It summarized that portion of the industrial arts of its day which the author considered most useful and relevant for the edification of his American readers. The book contains elementary tables of conversion, arithmetic and geometric rules and formulas, a good deal of simple physics, and extensive descriptions of the workings of machinery—especially water wheels, steam engines, and millwork generally. In particular, Allen attempted to summarize much of what he had learned during a recent tour of the major manufacturing districts of England and France, so as to bring Americans up to date on the “latest improvements in mechanical invention in those countries.’ Unobtrusively placed in the back of this book, however, is a chapter, “Comparative View of the Relative Advantages Possessed by England, France and the United States of America as Manufacturing Nations,’ which records his more strictly economic impressions of his tour, taken in 1825. His observations in this short chapter, often trenchant and occasionally pungent, invite comparison with some of the better known European travelers to the United States. Anyone who can write, as Allen does (p. 355), that “An industrious New-England mechanic commonly appears to take pleasure in his business; but the French mechanic is rather inclined to make a business of his pleasures,’ is obviously entitled to a sympathetic hearing.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Natsu Taylor Saito
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
International Law ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Colonial Theory ◽  
Infinite Variety

Settler colonial theory provides a conceptual framework for understanding the origins of racial disparities and injustices in the United States. International law supports Indigenous rights, and the rights of all peoples to self-determination. Self-determination can be exercised in an infinite variety of ways, and any action that empowers people can contribute to their decolonization.

scholarly journals US Pagans and Indigenous Americans: Land and Identity

Religions ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa A. McLoughlin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Knowledge ◽  
Experiential Knowledge

In contrast to many European Pagan communities, ancestors and traditional cultural knowledge of Pagans in the United States of America (US Pagans) are rooted in places we no longer reside. Written from a US Pagan perspective, for an audience of Indigenous Americans, Pagans, and secondarily scholars of religion, this paper frames US Paganisms as bipartite with traditional and experiential knowledge; explores how being transplanted from ancestral homelands affects US Pagans’ relationship to the land we are on, to the Indigenous people of that land, and any contribution these may make to the larger discussion of indigeneity; and works to dispel common myths about US Pagans by offering examples of practices that the author suggests may be respectful to Indigenous American communities, while inviting Indigenous American comments on this assessment.

scholarly journals The Girijas case and its implications for the Sámi hunting and fishing rights in Sweden

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Sakshi
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Social Rights ◽  
Fishing Rights ◽  
Indigenous Autonomy ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Indigenous Voice ◽  
Exclusive Right ◽  
Hunting And Fishing

The recent case by Girija Sámeby against the Swedish State, asserting its exclusive right to hunt and fish, has ignited many conversations. While the favourable treatment of the Sámi claim by the Supreme Court has elicited celebratory responses, the case has been considered a moment of reckoning for the broader Indigenous rights framework in Sweden. The initial claim by the Girija reindeer herding community that it had the exclusive right not only to hunt and fish but also to lease such a right to others has made its way to the Supreme Court and is now affirmed. Unsurprisingly, the court, faced with an unprecedented challenge of determining the remit of rights in the commercial realm, has fallen back on known doctrines, such as ‘immemorial prescription’, to resolve the case. Nonetheless, the underlying concerns for Indigenous rights over land, self-determination, sovereignty, and the postcolonial reconciliation process remain to be examined within and outside juridical spaces. Although recognition of Indigenous voice has witnessed some progress in the realm of the executive and the legislature, the judiciary is yet to develop a progressive jurisprudence concerning Indigenous culture, economic, and social rights. The Girija Sámeby case may well be the first of its kind where the judiciary is proactive in recognising the changing nature of Indigenous autonomy, self-determination, and economy.

Politics of Repatriation: Formalizing Indigenous Repatriation Policy

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-373
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Breske
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Indigenous Rights ◽  
Cultural Property ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Property Ownership ◽  
Institutional Power ◽  
Before And After ◽  
International Laws

Abstract:This article will show how institutions and cultural values mediate changes in the governance of repatriation policy. By examining ownership paradigms and institutional power structures and analyzing the changing discourses before and after the passage of the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act, it is possible to understand the ramifications of formalizing repatriation. The current binary of cultural property nationalism/cultural property internationalism in relation to Indigenous ownership claims does not represent the full scope of the conflict for Indigenous people within the Western legal interpretations of property ownership. Inclusion of a cultural property indigenism component into the established cultural property nationalism/internationalism ownership paradigm will more accurately represent Indigenous concerns for cultural property. Looking at the rules, norms, and strategies of national and international laws and museum institutions, this article will argue that there are consequences to repatriation claims that go beyond the possession of property and that a formalized process (or semi-formalized approach) can aid in addressing Indigenous rights.

Hmong ‘Marriage by Capture’ in the United States of America and Ukuthwala in South Africa: Unfolding Discussions

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Mwambene
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Minority Community ◽  
Hmong People ◽  
Hmong Marriage

‘Marriage by capture’ among the Hmong people in the United States of America and ukuthwala in South Africa both take the form of the mock abduction of a young woman for the purpose of a customary marriage. The noteworthy point about these two customary marriage practices is that, although Hmong marriage by capture takes place in the context of a minority community in a liberal state, and ukuthwala occurs in a postcolonial state, courts in these jurisdictions convert these marriage practices to the common law offences of rape, assault, and abduction. This article reflects on the accused-centred approach in the case of People v Moua, in which the court invoked the cultural defence, and the victim-centred approach in Jezile v S, which severed cultural values from the rights of the woman. It questions whether the two communities in question, in their respective liberal and postcolonial settings, influence the attitudes of the courts in cases involving rape, assault, and abduction charges. The main argument proffered is that both approaches may encourage communities to continue marriage abduction practices without bringing them to the attention of investigative organs, with adverse human rights implications for the women and girls affected. The ultimate purpose of this conversation, therefore, is to show how the approaches of the courts to the recognition or non-recognition of these customary practices affect the rights of girls and women who encounter institutions of law that alienate people belonging to minority cultural groups, and often perpetuate injustice.

The Culture of Technology: An Alternative View of the Industrial Revolution in the United States

1995 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Cochran
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New England ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Industrial Change ◽  
Revolutionary Change ◽  
Water Power ◽  
American Colonies

The ArgumentThe purpose of this essay is revisionist on two counts: first, that the American colonies and early United States republic kept pace with Great Britain in reaching a relatively advanced stage of industrialization by the early nineteenth century and second, that the Middle Atlantic States shared equally with New England the innovative role in creating America's industrial revolution. In both cases the industrial leaders achieved their preeminence by different routes. By concentrating on the importance of the sources of machine power as the defining characteristic of industrialism, scholars have overlooked alternative paths to industrial change. In Britain steam power and the textile industry were the foundations of an industrial revolution. But in American colonies the use of water power and the growth of industries such as woodworking and building led to an equally revolutionary change in the production of machine-made products. Benign geography in colonial America provided abundant wood and water power and an excellent transportation system based on navigable rivers and a hospitable coastline. But the crucial factors were cultural: the compelling urge to do things with less human work, the open reception to new immigration, a younger and more venturesome population, a favorable legal and fiscal environment for enterpreneurs. In the American context the tendency of scholars to emphasize the leadership of New England was largely a result of the greater local availability of manufacturing records. But recent research has demonstrated that Philadelphia, the largest port of entry in the eighteenth century, was quite naturally a center of innovation in construction materials, woodworking machinery and shipbuilding to meet the needs of the expanding agricultural hinterland and the coastal trade. In sum, the values of an expanding, youthful, skilled population replenished by fresh and venturesome sources from abroad helped shape cultural values that were particularly favorable in the geographic environment of North America for alternative paths of rapid industrial growth.

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